Osteoarthritis, KneeNCT05663996
St. John's Wort Oil on Osteoarthritis
A study testing locally applied to the skin in people with Osteoarthritis, Knee and Pain, run by TC Erciyes University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study investigated the effect of St. John's Wort oil on pain intensity and physical functions in people with knee osteoarthritis. This study adopted a randomized, placebo-controlled, and qualitative mixed design. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 35 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Osteoarthritis, Knee, Pain
- What is being tested?
- locally applied to the skin
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 25 Dec 2017to 6 Aug 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 35 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- being literate,
- planning no pregnancy during the study,
- not being pregnant,
- having been diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis according to ACR (American College of Rheumatology),
- having had knee pain for the past month,
- needing analgesics for more than 15 days in a month,
Show all 11Show fewer
- having osteoarthritis-related knee pain despite routine treatment with analgesics,
- having a VAS score of ≥ 4 on one knee,
- speaking Turkish,
- having no communication problems, and
- volunteering
Who cannot join
- Pregnant,
- Having a physical disability in the area where the application will be made,
- Having any skin disease in the area to be treated,
- Having large scar tissue in the area to be treated,
- Having a history of physical trauma in the last three months in the area to be treated,
- Having any peripheral vascular disease in the area to be treated,
Show all 13Show fewer
- Having inflammatory joint disease,
- Having a history of rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia,
- Using any complementary and integrative (integrated) health application in the last three months,
- Those who have undergone intra-articular treatment in the last three months,
- Receiving pain blocking treatment in the last year,
- Receiving physical therapy in the last three months and during the application,
- Patients with 2 or more pain in the other knee according to the VAS scale were not included in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of St. John's Wort Oil on Pain Intensity and Physical Functions in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: a Qualitative and Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial
This study investigated the effect of St. John's Wort oil on pain intensity and physical functions in people with knee osteoarthritis. This study adopted a randomized, placebo-controlled, and qualitative mixed design. The sample consisted of 60 patients randomized into intervention (n=30) and placebo control (n=30) groups. The experimental group participants were treated with St. John's Wort oil three times a week for three weeks, while the placebo control group participants were treated with olive oil three times a week for three weeks. Quantitative data were collected using a patient identification form, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. .
Read the detailed description
This study adopted a randomized, placebo-controlled, and qualitative mixed design. Qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview questionnaire.
The study was conducted in the physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Türkiye. The study population consisted of all patients admitted to the outpatient clinic for osteoarthritis-related pain. The data collection process continued from December 2017 to August 2018 and was reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. A pilot study was conducted with five patients before data collection.
Patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis by a physical therapy and rehabilitation specialist according to ACR criteria were randomized into the study by the University Biostatistics Unit. The initial sample consisted of 72 patients divided into intervention (n=36; St. John's wort oil) and placebo control (n=36; olive oil) groups. However, six experimental group participants were excluded because they either could not be contacted on the phone during the follow-ups (n=4) or stated that they would be out of town for a long time (n=2). Six control group participants were also excluded because they either could not be contacted on the phone during the follow-ups (n=3), did not want to keep up with the intervention (n=1), or wanted to withdraw from the study (n=2). Therefore, the final sample consisted of 30 experimental and 30 control group participants.
- Conditions
- Osteoarthritis, Knee, Pain
- Being tested
- locally applied to the skin
- Keywords
- osteoarthritis, pain, St. John's Wort oil, physical function, nursing
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoarthritis, Knee, Pain, Osteoarthritis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
locally applied to the skinOther
Applying St John's wort oil locally on the knee three times a day for three weeks.
locally applied to the skinOther
Applying olive oil locally on the knee three times a day for three weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| St. John's Wort oil | Experimental | Experimental group participants were treated with St. John's Wort oil. Receives: Other: locally applied to the skin |
| Olive Oil | Placebo comparator | Control group participants were treated with olive oil. Receives: Other: locally applied to the skin |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
WOMAC Scale
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a health status scale assessing osteoarthritis-related disability. WOMAC was developed (1982) and revised (1998) by Bellamy et al. The index consists of 24 items rated on a five-point Likert-type scale. The index has three subscales: pain (five items), stiffness (two items), and physical function (17 items). WOMAC can detect significant health status changes following various pharmacological, surgical, and physical therapy interventions. The instrument has been adapted into many languages. The total score of the "pain" subscale ranges from 0 to 20. The total score of the "stiffness" subscale ranges from 0 to 8. The total score of the "physical function" subscale ranges from 0 to 68. Higher scores indicate more symptoms and physical limitations.
Measured: Change from baseline score at the end of the third week
Visual Analog Scale
The Visual Analog Scale was developed by Price et al. (1983). It is an easy-to-use and reliable scale used to convert some values that cannot be measured numerically into numbers. The VAS is a 10 cm long horizontal or vertical line with anchor statements "no pain or pain at its least" at the left-most end and "unbearable pain or worst pain imaginable" at the right-most end. The participant marks a point on the line that best represents their pain level. The distance of the mark to the left end is measured with a ruler. This distance, usually measured in millimeters, is reported and recorded as "points.
Measured: change in baseline scores at the end of the third week.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Dec 2022
- Study start25 Dec 2017
- Primary completion6 Aug 2018
- Study completion6 Aug 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (15)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Osteoarthritis, KneeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by TC Erciyes UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The study was conducted using a pre-test and post-test, randomized controlled trial pattern and semi-structured in-depth interview method of qualitative research.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- TC Erciyes University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Deniz Zeynep SÖNMEZ, TC Erciyes University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05663996
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TDK-2017-7629
- Status last verified
- Dec 2022
- First submitted
- 2 Dec 2022
- Last updated
- 23 Dec 2022
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Barthel HR, Haselwood D, Longley S 3rd, Gold MS, Altman RD. Randomized controlled trial of diclofenac sodium gel in knee osteoarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Dec;39(3):203-12. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2009.09.002.
PubMed 19932833Kooshki A, Forouzan R, Rakhshani MH, Mohammadi M. Effect of Topical Application of Nigella Sativa Oil and Oral Acetaminophen on Pain in Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Crossover Clinical Trial. Electron Physician. 2016 Nov 25;8(11):3193-3197. doi: 10.19082/3193. eCollection 2016 Nov.
PubMed 28344755Altındağ, Ö., Sırmatel, Ö., & Tabur,H. (2006). Demographic features and relation with clinical parameters in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 62-66
Tütün, Ş., Altın, F., Özgönenel, L, & Çetin, E. (2010). Demographic characteristics in patients with knee osteoarthritis and relationship with obesity, Age, Pain and Gender. İstanbul Med J, 11(3), 109-112.
Gümüş, K. & Ünsal A. (2014). Evaluation of daily living activities of the individuals with osteoarthritis. Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis, 20,117-24. http://doi:10.4274/tod.93723
Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, Campbell J, Stitt LW. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol. 1988 Dec;15(12):1833-40.
PubMed 3068365İnan, Ç., & Kıyak, E., (2014) The effect of hot and cold application on pain, stiffness and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Hemşirelikte Araştırma ve Geliştirme Dergisi, 16(2), 1-10.
Chen L, Li D, Zhong J, Qiu B, Wu X. Therapeutic Effectiveness and Safety of Mesotherapy in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 4;2018:6513049. doi: 10.1155/2018/6513049. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 29507592Cheung C, Wyman JF, Bronas U, McCarthy T, Rudser K, Mathiason MA. Managing knee osteoarthritis with yoga or aerobic/strengthening exercise programs in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Rheumatol Int. 2017 Mar;37(3):389-398. doi: 10.1007/s00296-016-3620-2. Epub 2016 Dec 2.
PubMed 27913870Tuzun EH, Eker L, Aytar A, Daskapan A, Bayramoglu M. Acceptability, reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Turkish version of WOMAC osteoarthritis index. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005 Jan;13(1):28-33. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2004.10.010.
PubMed 15639634Price DD, McGrath PA, Rafii A, Buckingham B. The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain. Pain. 1983 Sep;17(1):45-56. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(83)90126-4.
PubMed 6226917Kelly AM. Does the clinically significant difference in visual analog scale pain scores vary with gender, age, or cause of pain? Acad Emerg Med. 1998 Nov;5(11):1086-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02667.x.
PubMed 9835471Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J Clin Nurs. 2005 Aug;14(7):798-804. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01121.x.
PubMed 16000093Sentürk, S., Tasci, S. (2021). The effects of ginger kidney compress on severity of pain and physical functions of individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research, 2(2): 83-94. http://doi:10.53811/ijtcmr.972187
Dogan N, Goris S, Demir H. [Levels of pain and self-efficacy of individuals with osteoarthritis]. Agri. 2016 Jan;28(1):25-31. doi: 10.5505/agri.2015.30085. Turkish.
PubMed 27225609
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Dec 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of St. John's Wort Oil on Pain Intensity and Physical Functions in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: a Qualitative and Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05663996
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TDK-2017-7629
- Conditions
- Osteoarthritis, Knee, Pain
- Keywords
- osteoarthritis, pain, St. John's Wort oil, physical function, nursing
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- TC Erciyes UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 25 Dec 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 6 Aug 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 6 Aug 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study investigated the effect of St. John's Wort oil on pain intensity and physical functions in people with knee osteoarthritis. This study adopted a randomized, placebo-controlled, and qualitative mixed design. The sample consisted of 60 patients randomized into intervention (n=30) and placebo control (n=30) groups. The experimental group participants were treated with St. John's Wort oil three times a week for three weeks, while the placebo control group participants were treated with olive oil three times a week for three weeks. Quantitative data were collected using a patient identification form, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. .
Detailed description
This study adopted a randomized, placebo-controlled, and qualitative mixed design. Qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview questionnaire.
The study was conducted in the physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Türkiye. The study population consisted of all patients admitted to the outpatient clinic for osteoarthritis-related pain. The data collection process continued from December 2017 to August 2018 and was reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. A pilot study was conducted with five patients before data collection.
Patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis by a physical therapy and rehabilitation specialist according to ACR criteria were randomized into the study by the University Biostatistics Unit. The initial sample consisted of 72 patients divided into intervention (n=36; St. John's wort oil) and placebo control (n=36; olive oil) groups. However, six experimental group participants were excluded because they either could not be contacted on the phone during the follow-ups (n=4) or stated that they would be out of town for a long time (n=2). Six control group participants were also excluded because they either could not be contacted on the phone during the follow-ups (n=3), did not want to keep up with the intervention (n=1), or wanted to withdraw from the study (n=2). Therefore, the final sample consisted of 30 experimental and 30 control group participants.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The study was conducted using a pre-test and post-test, randomized controlled trial pattern and semi-structured in-depth interview method of qualitative research.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| St. John's Wort oil | Experimental | Other: locally applied to the skinExperimental group participants were treated with St. John's Wort oil. |
| Olive Oil | Placebo comparator | Other: locally applied to the skinControl group participants were treated with olive oil. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 35 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- being literate,
- planning no pregnancy during the study,
- not being pregnant,
- having been diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis according to ACR (American College of Rheumatology),
- having had knee pain for the past month,
Key exclusion criteria (13 listed)
- Pregnant,
- Having a physical disability in the area where the application will be made,
- Having any skin disease in the area to be treated,
- Having large scar tissue in the area to be treated,
- Having a history of physical trauma in the last three months in the area to be treated,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| locally applied to the skinApplying St John's wort oil locally on the knee three times a day for three weeks. | Other | St. John's Wort oil |
| locally applied to the skinApplying olive oil locally on the knee three times a day for three weeks. | Other | Olive Oil |
Primary outcome
WOMAC Scale
Time frame: Change from baseline score at the end of the third week
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a health status scale assessing osteoarthritis-related disability. WOMAC was developed (1982) and revised (1998) by Bellamy et al. The index consists of 24 items rated on a five-point Likert-type scale. The index has three subscales: pain (five items), stiffness (two items), and physical function (17 items). WOMAC can detect significant health status changes following various pharmacological, surgical, and physical therapy interventions. The instrument has been adapted into many languages. The total score of the "pain" subscale ranges from 0 to 20. The total score of the "stiffness" subscale ranges from 0 to 8. The total score of the "physical function" subscale ranges from 0 to 68. Higher scores indicate more symptoms and physical limitations.
Visual Analog Scale
Time frame: change in baseline scores at the end of the third week.
The Visual Analog Scale was developed by Price et al. (1983). It is an easy-to-use and reliable scale used to convert some values that cannot be measured numerically into numbers. The VAS is a 10 cm long horizontal or vertical line with anchor statements "no pain or pain at its least" at the left-most end and "unbearable pain or worst pain imaginable" at the right-most end. The participant marks a point on the line that best represents their pain level. The distance of the mark to the left end is measured with a ruler. This distance, usually measured in millimeters, is reported and recorded as "points.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Dec 2022.
- Background: PubMed 19932833Barthel HR, Haselwood D, Longley S 3rd, Gold MS, Altman RD. Randomized controlled trial of diclofenac sodium gel in knee osteoarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Dec;39(3):203-12. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2009.09.002.
- Background: PubMed 28344755Kooshki A, Forouzan R, Rakhshani MH, Mohammadi M. Effect of Topical Application of Nigella Sativa Oil and Oral Acetaminophen on Pain in Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Crossover Clinical Trial. Electron Physician. 2016 Nov 25;8(11):3193-3197. doi: 10.19082/3193. eCollection 2016 Nov.
- BackgroundAltındağ, Ö., Sırmatel, Ö., & Tabur,H. (2006). Demographic features and relation with clinical parameters in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 62-66
- BackgroundTütün, Ş., Altın, F., Özgönenel, L, & Çetin, E. (2010). Demographic characteristics in patients with knee osteoarthritis and relationship with obesity, Age, Pain and Gender. İstanbul Med J, 11(3), 109-112.
- BackgroundGümüş, K. & Ünsal A. (2014). Evaluation of daily living activities of the individuals with osteoarthritis. Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis, 20,117-24. http://doi:10.4274/tod.93723
- Background: PubMed 3068365Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, Campbell J, Stitt LW. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol. 1988 Dec;15(12):1833-40.
- Backgroundİnan, Ç., & Kıyak, E., (2014) The effect of hot and cold application on pain, stiffness and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Hemşirelikte Araştırma ve Geliştirme Dergisi, 16(2), 1-10.
- Background: PubMed 29507592Chen L, Li D, Zhong J, Qiu B, Wu X. Therapeutic Effectiveness and Safety of Mesotherapy in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 4;2018:6513049. doi: 10.1155/2018/6513049. eCollection 2018.
- Background: PubMed 27913870Cheung C, Wyman JF, Bronas U, McCarthy T, Rudser K, Mathiason MA. Managing knee osteoarthritis with yoga or aerobic/strengthening exercise programs in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Rheumatol Int. 2017 Mar;37(3):389-398. doi: 10.1007/s00296-016-3620-2. Epub 2016 Dec 2.
- Background: PubMed 15639634Tuzun EH, Eker L, Aytar A, Daskapan A, Bayramoglu M. Acceptability, reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Turkish version of WOMAC osteoarthritis index. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005 Jan;13(1):28-33. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2004.10.010.
- Background: PubMed 6226917Price DD, McGrath PA, Rafii A, Buckingham B. The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain. Pain. 1983 Sep;17(1):45-56. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(83)90126-4.
- Background: PubMed 9835471Kelly AM. Does the clinically significant difference in visual analog scale pain scores vary with gender, age, or cause of pain? Acad Emerg Med. 1998 Nov;5(11):1086-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02667.x.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing locally applied to the skin in people with Osteoarthritis, Knee and Pain, run by TC Erciyes University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 13 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Dec 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
WOMAC Scale (time frame: Change from baseline score at the end of the third week). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05663996, which also lists 15 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Dec 2022.