Maternal Health ServicesNCT05709457
Long Term Effects Of a Maternal Cash Transfer Experiment
A study testing Cash transfer in prior study in people with Maternal Health Services and Outcome Assessment, run by RAND at 1 site in Nigeria.
Trial summary
This is a follow-on study to a cluster randomized trial of maternal conditional incentives conducted in Nigeria. This study found that cash transfers, conditional on women obtaining facility-based prenatal, delivery, and postnatal care, resulted in large, significant effects on maternal and child outcomes (NICHD… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 to 60 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Maternal Health Services, Outcome Assessment
- What is being tested?
- Cash transfer in prior study
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 18,131 participants
- Where
- 1 siteNigeria
- Study dates
- 15 May 2021to 30 Apr 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 to 60 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Resident in a community included in the RTC
- Women must have participated in an earlier randomized trial of conditional incentives OR
- They did not take part in the earlier trial but are resident in clusters that participated in the earlier trial and have given birth since 2018
Who cannot join
- None
- -
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Long Term Effects of an Intervention on Maternal Behavior, Child Health, and Community Influence
This is a follow-on study to a cluster randomized trial of maternal conditional incentives conducted in Nigeria. This study found that cash transfers, conditional on women obtaining facility-based prenatal, delivery, and postnatal care, resulted in large, significant effects on maternal and child outcomes (NICHD R01HD083444). This study will answer additional key policy questions. First, are the effects on maternal behavior temporary, or do they result in more sustained behavior change? Second, do measured short run (SR) child health effects persist over the long run? Third, did the program generate spillovers?
Read the detailed description
This study will build on what the study investigators learned from the RCT and extend it in novel directions. Research assistants will return to the study communities approximately 5 years after enrollment in the RCT to collect data on utilization of maternal health care services for births to the trial participants after the intervention, and on long run child health outcomes including child weight and height. The research assistants will also collect data on the birth outcomes of non-incentivized childbearing women in the study clusters. Data will be collected through in-person surveys of study participants.
This study will provide valuable new evidence about the indirect and long run effects of demand-side incentives. This is of critical importance because accounting for only the direct effects may severely underestimate the full effect of the program.
- Conditions
- Maternal Health Services, Outcome Assessment
- Being tested
- Cash transfer in prior study
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Cash transfer in prior studyBehavioural
Women were offered a cash transfer conditional on attending prenatal and postnatal visits and delivering in a facility
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| RCT Participants | Experimental | Women and children who participated in the earlier study. Receives: Behavioral: Cash transfer in prior study |
| Non-RCT participants | No intervention | Women and children in the same communities included in the earlier study who did not participate in that study. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Proportion of births that take place in a health facility
Proportion of births that take place in a health facility
Measured: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Proportion of women that attended prenatal care during pregnancy
Proportion of women that attended prenatal care during pregnancy
Measured: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Child survival
Probability that child is alive
Measured: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Child health utilization
Proportion of children taken to a health facility for care when sick
Measured: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Proportion of children receiving recommended immunizations
Proportion of children receiving recommended immunizations
Measured: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Secondary outcomes (4)
Maternal health
Self-rated health
Measured: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Child weight
Child weight measured at visit
Measured: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Child height
Child height measured at visit
Measured: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Birth outcome
Probability of a live birth
Measured: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Feb 2023
- Study start15 May 2021
- Primary completion31 Jul 2023
- Study completion30 Apr 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Maternal Health ServicesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 18,131 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- RAND
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Edward N Okeke, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, RAND
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05709457
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- R01HD102412
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 19 Oct 2022
- Last updated
- 2 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified data will be shared after results are published.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Long Term Effects of an Intervention on Maternal Behavior, Child Health, and Community Influence
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05709457
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- R01HD102412
- Conditions
- Maternal Health Services, Outcome Assessment
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 18,131 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- RANDUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 May 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Apr 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This is a follow-on study to a cluster randomized trial of maternal conditional incentives conducted in Nigeria. This study found that cash transfers, conditional on women obtaining facility-based prenatal, delivery, and postnatal care, resulted in large, significant effects on maternal and child outcomes (NICHD R01HD083444). This study will answer additional key policy questions. First, are the effects on maternal behavior temporary, or do they result in more sustained behavior change? Second, do measured short run (SR) child health effects persist over the long run? Third, did the program generate spillovers?
Detailed description
This study will build on what the study investigators learned from the RCT and extend it in novel directions. Research assistants will return to the study communities approximately 5 years after enrollment in the RCT to collect data on utilization of maternal health care services for births to the trial participants after the intervention, and on long run child health outcomes including child weight and height. The research assistants will also collect data on the birth outcomes of non-incentivized childbearing women in the study clusters. Data will be collected through in-person surveys of study participants.
This study will provide valuable new evidence about the indirect and long run effects of demand-side incentives. This is of critical importance because accounting for only the direct effects may severely underestimate the full effect of the program.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| RCT Participants | Experimental | Behavioral: Cash transfer in prior studyWomen and children who participated in the earlier study. |
| Non-RCT participants | No intervention | –Women and children in the same communities included in the earlier study who did not participate in that study. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Resident in a community included in the RTC
- Women must have participated in an earlier randomized trial of conditional incentives OR
- They did not take part in the earlier trial but are resident in clusters that participated in the earlier trial and have given birth since 2018
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- None
- -
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Cash transfer in prior studyWomen were offered a cash transfer conditional on attending prenatal and postnatal visits and delivering in a facility | Behavioural | RCT Participants |
Primary outcome
Proportion of births that take place in a health facility
Time frame: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Proportion of births that take place in a health facility
Proportion of women that attended prenatal care during pregnancy
Time frame: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Proportion of women that attended prenatal care during pregnancy
Child survival
Time frame: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Probability that child is alive
Child health utilization
Time frame: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Proportion of children taken to a health facility for care when sick
Proportion of children receiving recommended immunizations
Time frame: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Proportion of children receiving recommended immunizations
4 secondary outcomes
Maternal health
Time frame: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Child weight
Time frame: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Child height
Time frame: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Birth outcome
Time frame: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Jul 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified data will be shared after results are published.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Edward N Okeke, MD, PhD principal investigator
RAND
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Cash transfer in prior study in people with Maternal Health Services and Outcome Assessment, run by RAND at 1 site in Nigeria.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Nigeria. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Proportion of births that take place in a health facility (time frame: 4-5 years after RCT enrollment). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jul 2026.