Quadriceps MuscleNCT05894551
Q Angle in Static and Dynamic Postures
An observational study of Quadriceps Muscle and Orthopedic Disorder, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The Q angle, also known as the quadriceps angle, is defined as the angle formed between the quadriceps muscles and the patella tendon. It was first described by Brattstrom in 1964 (1). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Quadriceps Muscle, Orthopedic Disorder
- What is being tested?
- Evaluation of q angles different positions, Physical examination and Functional mobility assessment
- How many people
- 130 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 May 2022to 15 Jul 2023
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Volunteers aged 18-25 years, healthy individuals without any spinal or neurologic injury and any injury leading to ligament, muscle or bone defect in their lower extremities.
Who may be able to join
- being between the ages of 18-25
- being volunteer
- not have any condition that may affect cooperation
Who cannot join
- Individuals with any injury to their lower extremities that cause ligament, muscle or bone defect and any spinal or neurological injury
- individuals diagnosed with any knee disorder such as fracture, acute or chronic knee pain, patella dislocation
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)2 sites
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University
Hatay
Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa
Istanbul, Istanbul
About this study
Official title: Investigation of the Changing of Quadriceps Angle in Static and Dynamic Postures in Healthy Adults and Its Relation With Physical Parameters
The Q angle, also known as the quadriceps angle, is defined as the angle formed between the quadriceps muscles and the patella tendon. It was first described by Brattstrom in 1964 (1). The Q angle is the angle between the line extending from the anterior superior of the spina iliaca to the midpoint of the patella and the line extending from the midpoint of the patella to the tuberositas tibia (2). Normally, this angle is between 8-14 degrees in men and 11-20 degrees in women. Any alignment change that increases the Q angle is thought to increase the lateral force on the patella.
The Q angle is generally evaluated in static postures in the literature. The Q angle value varies according to the patient's gender, the contractility of the quadriceps, and the patient's posture (standing or supine) (3).
Q angle was evaluated in a static posture with a standard goniometer or computerized biophotogrammetry (4) Q angle changes with the forces applied by dynamic structures. It is insufficient to evaluate only in a static posture. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of dynamic structures on the Q angle using 2D gait analysis (video) and to detect the early signs of deviation of changes in the q angle.
Read the detailed description
The Q angle is a very important tool in evaluating the function of the knee joint and describing the biomechanical alignment and function of the lower extremity (5). Abnormal values may cause joint problems later on, and in some cases, may affect the quadriceps reflex time, causing subluxation of the patella or an increased risk of developing anterior cruciate ligament ACL injury (5). For this reason, the Q angle is routinely and regularly used as an evaluation parameter when diagnosing many knee-related problems, including anterior knee pain, osteoarthritis, and degenerative knee disorders. When evaluated correctly, it provides very useful information about the alignment of the pelvis, legs and feet (6-8).
Therefore, determining the Q angle is very important, especially for athletic and physically active patients (9). In most studies, the Q angle was measured using a goniometer or with a modified goniometer (10-12). Biedert et al. by radiography (3). Braz et al. determined the Q angle with digital photogrammetry (13). In the literature, the q angle was generally evaluated in the supine or standing position (14). Higher Q angle values have been reported when transitioning from the supine position to the standing position (15). The increased Q angle while standing has been attributed to changes in lower extremity alignment due to weight bearing. In studies in the literature, the q angle was generally evaluated in static postures. In an ideal postural alignment, there should be a dynamic balance between muscles, joints and skeletal structures (16-17). Not only static structures but also dynamic structures are responsible for problems related to the alignment of the patella. For this reason, it is important to know the changes in the q angle not only in static postures but also in dynamic postures. Evaluation in correct postures is essential for diagnosis, planning and follow-up of the development and results of physical therapy (16).
The primary aim of this study was to report the prevalence and normative reference values of the q angle in the midstance phase of gait using 2D analysis (video).
The secondary aim of this study is to examine the variation of q angles during the midstance phase gait with Q angle values in static postures.
The tertiary aim of this study is to examine the relationship of q angles with different parameters such as age, gender, BMI, lower extremity strength, and hypermobility.
Demographic information (age, weight, height, etc.) will be obtained from healthy volunteers included in the study. As primary outcome measures, q-angles will be measured in static posture (supine and standing) and dynamic posture (with video analysis). Markers will be placed on the relevant places (SIAS, Patella middle and tuberositas tibia). Afterward, the video recordings will be played in slow motion and the evaluators will pause the video during the mid-stance phases of the gait, and the q-angles will be determined with the two-dimensional video analysis software (Kinoveav.0.8.15).
As secondary outcome measures, pelvis width and thigh length with a tape measure and femoral anteversion goniometer with quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength, Hip abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation and extension muscle strength with hand-held dynamometer, joint mobility with Beighton score, foot posture index and functionality will be evaluated by walking 8 meters.
- Conditions
- Quadriceps Muscle, Orthopedic Disorder
- Being tested
- Evaluation of q angles different positions, Physical examination, Functional mobility assessment
- Keywords
- q angle, dynamic q angle, lower extremity function
- Medical subject headings
- Musculoskeletal Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Evaluation of q angles different positionsOther
Q angle evaluation in two different static postures (upright and supine position) and dynamic posture during the midstance phase of the gait
Physical examinationOther
With goniometric evaluations, the femoral anteversion angle will be measured. Pelvis width and thigh length will be measured with a tape measure. Quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength, Hip abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation and extension muscle strength will be measured with hand-held dynamometer.
Joint mobility will be assessed with the Beighton score and foot posture will be evaluated with the foot posture index-6 (FPI-6).
Functional mobility assessmentOther
10-meter walking test will be conducted to understand functional mobility.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| healthy participants | Volunteers aged 18-25 years, healthy individuals without any spinal or neurologic injury and any injury leading to ligament, muscle or bone defect in their lower extremities Receives: Other: Evaluation of q angles different positions; Other: Physical examination; Other: Functional mobility assessment |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Q angle
Q angle measurement in three different position; in supine, standing and midstance phase during gait. The static and dynamic positions of the participants will be recorded as a photo and frame from video recording, then the measurements will be conducted with 2-dimensions movement analysis software. The unit of measurement will be recorded in angle degree.
Measured: baseline
Secondary outcomes (7)
Pelvic width
Pelvic width will be measured with a tape and the unit of measurement will be recorded in centimeters.
Measured: baseline
Thigh length
It will be measured with a tape and the unit of measurement will be recorded in centimeters.
Measured: baseline
Femoral anteversion angle
The femoral anteversion angle will be measured with goniometer. The normal angle is +10 degrees, with a range of -3 to +20 degrees. The unit of measurement will be recorded in angle degree.
Measured: baseline
Lower extremity muscle strength
Quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength, Hip abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation and extension muscle strength will be measured with hand-held dynamometer. The unit of measurement will be recorded in libre.
Measured: baseline
Beighton score
Joint mobility will be assessed with the Beighton score. Simple actions like bending your pinky (little) finger backward to evaluate the joint angle are involved. A nine-point scoring system is used for the Beighton score. The joints are more flexible the higher your score.
Measured: baseline
Foot posture index-6
Foot posture will be evaluated with the foot posture index-6 (FPI-6). The FPI-6 is a rapid, accurate diagnostic tool that rates foot posture using predetermined criteria and an easy scale. It is used to determine how pronated, neutral, or supinated a foot is. Pronated postures are given a positive value, the higher the value the more pronated.
Supinated features are given a negative value, the more negative the value the more supinated.
For a neutral foot the final FPI aggregate score should lie somewhere around zero.
Measured: baseline
10-meter walking test
10-meter walking test will be conducted to understand functional mobility. The 10 Metre Walk Test is a performance indicator used to evaluate walking speed over a brief distance in meters per second. To assess functional mobility, gait, and vestibular function, it can be used. The cut-off values like that; Household Ambulator <0.40 m/s; Limited Community Ambulator 0.40 to <0.80 m/s; Community Ambulator ≥0.80 m/s. the unit of measurement will be recorded in second.
Measured: baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 Jun 2023
- Study start1 May 2022
- Primary completion1 Jun 2023
- Study completion15 Jul 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Quadriceps MuscleStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 130 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gokce Leblebici, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05894551
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IstanbulUC_dynamicqangle
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 31 May 2023
- Last updated
- 28 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
BRATTSTROEM H. SHAPE OF THE INTERCONDYLAR GROOVE NORMALLY AND IN RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF PATELLA. A CLINICAL AND X-RAY-ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATION. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1964;68:SUPPL 68:1-148. No abstract available.
PubMed 14171734Merchant AC, Fraiser R, Dragoo J, Fredericson M. A reliable Q angle measurement using a standardized protocol. Knee. 2020 Jun;27(3):934-939. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2020.03.001. Epub 2020 Apr 12.
PubMed 32295725Biedert RM, Warnke K. Correlation between the Q angle and the patella position: a clinical and axial computed tomography evaluation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2001 Jun;121(6):346-9. doi: 10.1007/s004020000239.
PubMed 11482469Iunes DH, Castro FA, Salgado HS, Moura IC, Oliveira AS, Bevilaqua-Grossi D. Confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores e repetibilidade da avaliação postural pela fotogrametria. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2005;9(3):327-334.
Khasawneh RR, Allouh MZ, Abu-El-Rub E. Measurement of the quadriceps (Q) angle with respect to various body parameters in young Arab population. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 13;14(6):e0218387. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218387. eCollection 2019.
PubMed 31194851Daneshmandi H, Saki F, Shahheidari S, Khoori A. Lower extremity Malalignment and its linear relation with Q angle in female athletes. 3rd World Conf Educ Sci-2011. 2011;15: 3349-3354.
Nguyen AD, Boling MC, Levine B, Shultz SJ. Relationships between lower extremity alignment and the quadriceps angle. Clin J Sport Med. 2009 May;19(3):201-6. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181a38fb1.
PubMed 19423972Almeida GP, Silva AP, Franca FJ, Magalhaes MO, Burke TN, Marques AP. Q-angle in patellofemoral pain: relationship with dynamic knee valgus, hip abductor torque, pain and function. Rev Bras Ortop. 2016 Feb 9;51(2):181-6. doi: 10.1016/j.rboe.2016.01.010. eCollection 2016 Mar-Apr.
PubMed 27069887Yilmaz A, Kabadayi M, Mayda M, Çavusoglu G, Tasmektepligi M. Analysis of Q Angle Values of Female Athletes from Different Branches. Sci Mov Heal. 2017;17: 141-146.
Omololu BB, Ogunlade OS, Gopaldasani VK. Normal Q-angle in an adult Nigerian population. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009 Aug;467(8):2073-6. doi: 10.1007/s11999-008-0637-1. Epub 2008 Nov 26.
PubMed 19034592Greene CC, Edwards TB, Wade MR, Carson EW. Reliability of the quadriceps angle measurement. Am J Knee Surg. 2001 Spring;14(2):97-103.
PubMed 11401177Raveendranath R, Nachiket S, Sujatha N, Priya R, Rema D. Bilateral Variability of the Quadriceps Angle (Q angle) in an Adult Indian Population. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2011 Sep;14(5):465-71.
PubMed 23493777Braz RG, Carvalho GA. Relationship between quadriceps angle (Q) and plantar pressure distribution in football players. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2010 Jul-Aug;14(4):296-302. Epub 2010 Sep 3. English, Portuguese.
PubMed 20949230Choudhary R, Malik M, Aslam A, Khurana D, Chauhan S. Effect of various parameters on Quadriceps angle in adult Indian population. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2019 Jan-Feb;10(1):149-154. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2017.11.011. Epub 2017 Nov 23.
PubMed 30705551Guerra JP, Arnold MJ, Gajdosik RL. Q angle: effects of isometric quadriceps contraction and body position. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1994 Apr;19(4):200-4. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1994.19.4.200.
PubMed 8173567
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Investigation of the Changing of Quadriceps Angle in Static and Dynamic Postures in Healthy Adults and Its Relation With Physical Parameters
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05894551
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IstanbulUC_dynamicqangle
- Conditions
- Quadriceps Muscle, Orthopedic Disorder
- Keywords
- q angle, dynamic q angle, lower extremity function
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 130 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - CerrahpasaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 May 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jun 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Jul 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 8 Jun 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The Q angle, also known as the quadriceps angle, is defined as the angle formed between the quadriceps muscles and the patella tendon. It was first described by Brattstrom in 1964 (1). The Q angle is the angle between the line extending from the anterior superior of the spina iliaca to the midpoint of the patella and the line extending from the midpoint of the patella to the tuberositas tibia (2). Normally, this angle is between 8-14 degrees in men and 11-20 degrees in women. Any alignment change that increases the Q angle is thought to increase the lateral force on the patella.
The Q angle is generally evaluated in static postures in the literature. The Q angle value varies according to the patient's gender, the contractility of the quadriceps, and the patient's posture (standing or supine) (3).
Q angle was evaluated in a static posture with a standard goniometer or computerized biophotogrammetry (4) Q angle changes with the forces applied by dynamic structures. It is insufficient to evaluate only in a static posture. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of dynamic structures on the Q angle using 2D gait analysis (video) and to detect the early signs of deviation of changes in the q angle.
Detailed description
The Q angle is a very important tool in evaluating the function of the knee joint and describing the biomechanical alignment and function of the lower extremity (5). Abnormal values may cause joint problems later on, and in some cases, may affect the quadriceps reflex time, causing subluxation of the patella or an increased risk of developing anterior cruciate ligament ACL injury (5). For this reason, the Q angle is routinely and regularly used as an evaluation parameter when diagnosing many knee-related problems, including anterior knee pain, osteoarthritis, and degenerative knee disorders. When evaluated correctly, it provides very useful information about the alignment of the pelvis, legs and feet (6-8).
Therefore, determining the Q angle is very important, especially for athletic and physically active patients (9). In most studies, the Q angle was measured using a goniometer or with a modified goniometer (10-12). Biedert et al. by radiography (3). Braz et al. determined the Q angle with digital photogrammetry (13). In the literature, the q angle was generally evaluated in the supine or standing position (14). Higher Q angle values have been reported when transitioning from the supine position to the standing position (15). The increased Q angle while standing has been attributed to changes in lower extremity alignment due to weight bearing. In studies in the literature, the q angle was generally evaluated in static postures. In an ideal postural alignment, there should be a dynamic balance between muscles, joints and skeletal structures (16-17). Not only static structures but also dynamic structures are responsible for problems related to the alignment of the patella. For this reason, it is important to know the changes in the q angle not only in static postures but also in dynamic postures. Evaluation in correct postures is essential for diagnosis, planning and follow-up of the development and results of physical therapy (16).
The primary aim of this study was to report the prevalence and normative reference values of the q angle in the midstance phase of gait using 2D analysis (video).
The secondary aim of this study is to examine the variation of q angles during the midstance phase gait with Q angle values in static postures.
The tertiary aim of this study is to examine the relationship of q angles with different parameters such as age, gender, BMI, lower extremity strength, and hypermobility.
Demographic information (age, weight, height, etc.) will be obtained from healthy volunteers included in the study. As primary outcome measures, q-angles will be measured in static posture (supine and standing) and dynamic posture (with video analysis). Markers will be placed on the relevant places (SIAS, Patella middle and tuberositas tibia). Afterward, the video recordings will be played in slow motion and the evaluators will pause the video during the mid-stance phases of the gait, and the q-angles will be determined with the two-dimensional video analysis software (Kinoveav.0.8.15).
As secondary outcome measures, pelvis width and thigh length with a tape measure and femoral anteversion goniometer with quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength, Hip abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation and extension muscle strength with hand-held dynamometer, joint mobility with Beighton score, foot posture index and functionality will be evaluated by walking 8 meters.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| healthy participants | – | Other: Evaluation of q angles different positions, Other: Physical examination, Other: Functional mobility assessmentVolunteers aged 18-25 years, healthy individuals without any spinal or neurologic injury and any injury leading to ligament, muscle or bone defect in their lower extremities |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Volunteers aged 18-25 years, healthy individuals without any spinal or neurologic injury and any injury leading to ligament, muscle or bone defect in their lower extremities.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- being between the ages of 18-25
- being volunteer
- not have any condition that may affect cooperation
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Individuals with any injury to their lower extremities that cause ligament, muscle or bone defect and any spinal or neurological injury
- individuals diagnosed with any knee disorder such as fracture, acute or chronic knee pain, patella dislocation
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of q angles different positionsQ angle evaluation in two different static postures (upright and supine position) and dynamic posture during the midstance phase of the gait | Other | healthy participants |
| Physical examinationWith goniometric evaluations, the femoral anteversion angle will be measured. Pelvis width and thigh length will be measured with a tape measure. Quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength, Hip abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation and extension muscle strength will be measured with hand-held dynamometer. Joint mobility will be assessed with the Beighton score and foot posture will be evaluated with the foot posture index-6 (FPI-6). | Other | healthy participants |
| Functional mobility assessment10-meter walking test will be conducted to understand functional mobility. | Other | healthy participants |
Primary outcome
Q angle
Time frame: baseline
Q angle measurement in three different position; in supine, standing and midstance phase during gait. The static and dynamic positions of the participants will be recorded as a photo and frame from video recording, then the measurements will be conducted with 2-dimensions movement analysis software. The unit of measurement will be recorded in angle degree.
7 secondary outcomes
Pelvic width
Time frame: baseline
Thigh length
Time frame: baseline
Femoral anteversion angle
Time frame: baseline
Lower extremity muscle strength
Time frame: baseline
Beighton score
Time frame: baseline
Foot posture index-6
Time frame: baseline
10-meter walking test
Time frame: baseline
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Nov 2025.
- Background: PubMed 14171734BRATTSTROEM H. SHAPE OF THE INTERCONDYLAR GROOVE NORMALLY AND IN RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF PATELLA. A CLINICAL AND X-RAY-ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATION. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1964;68:SUPPL 68:1-148. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 32295725Merchant AC, Fraiser R, Dragoo J, Fredericson M. A reliable Q angle measurement using a standardized protocol. Knee. 2020 Jun;27(3):934-939. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2020.03.001. Epub 2020 Apr 12.
- Background: PubMed 11482469Biedert RM, Warnke K. Correlation between the Q angle and the patella position: a clinical and axial computed tomography evaluation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2001 Jun;121(6):346-9. doi: 10.1007/s004020000239.
- BackgroundIunes DH, Castro FA, Salgado HS, Moura IC, Oliveira AS, Bevilaqua-Grossi D. Confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores e repetibilidade da avaliação postural pela fotogrametria. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2005;9(3):327-334.
- Background: PubMed 31194851Khasawneh RR, Allouh MZ, Abu-El-Rub E. Measurement of the quadriceps (Q) angle with respect to various body parameters in young Arab population. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 13;14(6):e0218387. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218387. eCollection 2019.
- BackgroundDaneshmandi H, Saki F, Shahheidari S, Khoori A. Lower extremity Malalignment and its linear relation with Q angle in female athletes. 3rd World Conf Educ Sci-2011. 2011;15: 3349-3354.
- Background: PubMed 19423972Nguyen AD, Boling MC, Levine B, Shultz SJ. Relationships between lower extremity alignment and the quadriceps angle. Clin J Sport Med. 2009 May;19(3):201-6. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181a38fb1.
- Background: PubMed 27069887Almeida GP, Silva AP, Franca FJ, Magalhaes MO, Burke TN, Marques AP. Q-angle in patellofemoral pain: relationship with dynamic knee valgus, hip abductor torque, pain and function. Rev Bras Ortop. 2016 Feb 9;51(2):181-6. doi: 10.1016/j.rboe.2016.01.010. eCollection 2016 Mar-Apr.
- BackgroundYilmaz A, Kabadayi M, Mayda M, Çavusoglu G, Tasmektepligi M. Analysis of Q Angle Values of Female Athletes from Different Branches. Sci Mov Heal. 2017;17: 141-146.
- Background: PubMed 19034592Omololu BB, Ogunlade OS, Gopaldasani VK. Normal Q-angle in an adult Nigerian population. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009 Aug;467(8):2073-6. doi: 10.1007/s11999-008-0637-1. Epub 2008 Nov 26.
- Background: PubMed 11401177Greene CC, Edwards TB, Wade MR, Carson EW. Reliability of the quadriceps angle measurement. Am J Knee Surg. 2001 Spring;14(2):97-103.
- Background: PubMed 23493777Raveendranath R, Nachiket S, Sujatha N, Priya R, Rema D. Bilateral Variability of the Quadriceps Angle (Q angle) in an Adult Indian Population. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2011 Sep;14(5):465-71.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Quadriceps Muscle and Orthopedic Disorder, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Q angle (time frame: baseline). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05894551, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Nov 2025.