Delivery ProblemNCT05962918
Perineal Massage Performed During the Labour
A study testing Perinal massage in people with Delivery Problem and Childrearing, run by Munzur University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
In this study, perineal massage was applied to primiparous women who did not give birth before, as a quasi-experimental control group to determine the effects of massage on birth comfort, perineal trauma and perineal pain. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Delivery Problem, Childrearing, Satisfaction, Patient
- What is being tested?
- Perinal massage
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 182 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2018to 1 Apr 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Having no complications for vaginal delivery
- Having no dystocia affecting the birth process (e.g., prolonged labor, precipitate labor, shoulder dystocia)
- Having a singleton pregnancy,
- Having a fetal head with an anterior cephalic position,
- Being at the latent phase of labor,
- Having no perineal scar tissue,
Show all 9Show fewer
- Having no diagnosis of vaginal fungus or infection,
- Having a fetus with a birth weight between 2500 and 4000 g,
- Having no communication problems.
Who cannot join
- -All pregnant women who developed fetal distress during labor or had to undergo cesarean delivery were excluded from the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effects of Perineal Massage Performed During Labor on Childbirth Comfort, Perineal Pain and Trauma in Nulliparous Women: A Quasi Experimental Study
In this study, perineal massage was applied to primiparous women who did not give birth before, as a quasi-experimental control group to determine the effects of massage on birth comfort, perineal trauma and perineal pain.
Read the detailed description
In this study, perineal massage was applied to primiparous women who did not give birth before, as a quasi-experimental control group to determine the effects of massage on birth comfort, perineal trauma and perineal pain. Perineal massage was administered to all pregnant women in the experimental group during both the labor and resting phases between contractions. The participants received an average of 5-10 minutes of perineal massage two, four and four to six times at the latent (0-3-cm cervical dilation), active (4-7-cm cervical dilation) and transition (8-10-cm cervical dilation) phases of labor, respectively. These women continued to receive perineal massage at every push throughout the second stage of labor. Before perineal massage, the researcher wore sterile gloves, placed two fingers into the 3-4-cm wide-open vagina and applied Vaseline routinely to lubricate the vagina in the delivery room. . Perineal massage was applied using all three of the "from one edge to the other", "U shape" and "pressure" massage techniques. The researcher gently applied a rhythmic "U" pressure with both fingers, moving them on the vagina downwards about 3 to 9 o'clock. Each pressure movement was maintained laterally for 1-2 minutes towards the rectum.
- Conditions
- Delivery Problem, Childrearing, Satisfaction, Patient, Perineum; Injury, Perineal Tear, Pain, Labor
- Being tested
- Perinal massage
- Keywords
- Childbirth comfort, Perineal massage, Perineal tear, Perineal pain, midwifery
- Medical subject headings
- Dystocia, Patient Satisfaction, Wounds and Injuries, Labor Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Perinal massageOther
Perineal massage was administered to all pregnant women in the experimental group during both the labor and resting phases between contractions. The participants received an average of 5-10 minutes of perineal massage two, four and four to six times at the latent (0-3-cm cervical dilation), active (4-7-cm cervical dilation) and transition (8-10-cm cervical dilation) phases of labor, respectively. These women continued to receive perineal massage at every push throughout the second stage of labor. The researcher midwife gently widened the perineal muscles by making stretching movements with her fingers. Perineal massage was applied using all three of the "from one edge to the other", "U shape" and "pressure" massage techniques. The researcher gently applied a rhythmic "U" pressure with both fingers, moving them on the vagina downwards about 3 to 9 o'clock. Each pressure movement was maintained laterally for 1-2 minutes towards the rectum.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| perineal massage | Experimental | intervention group with perineal massage Receives: Other: Perinal massage |
| control group | No intervention | The group that received routine hospital protocol and was not massaged. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in perineal pain scores
The mean visual analog scale (VAS) scores of the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups were compared to determine the level of perineal pain. Women were asked to rate pain from zero to 10. A score of zero means no pain, while 10 = indicates the most severe pain experienced.
Measured: 4-6 hours after the childbirth
Change in childbirth comfort scores
The "Childbirth Comfort Questionnaire (CCQ)" score averages were compared to determine the birth comfort levels of the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups. As the score increases, high-level comfort is mentioned, as the score decreases, low-level comfort is mentioned. The lowest and highest possible total scale scores are 9 and 45.
Measured: 4-6 hours after coming to labor
Change in perineal trauma scores
The REEDA scale mean scores were compared to determine the perineal trauma levels of the women in the experimental and control groups. The REEDA scale, consists of five variables of wound healing. These variables are redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge and approximation of the wound edges. The scale items are scored between 0 and 3 points. The lowest and highest possible total scale scores are 0 and 15. A higher score indicates a greater level of perineal trauma.
Measured: 4-6 hours after the childbirth.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Jul 2023
- Study start1 Dec 2018
- Primary completion1 Mar 2019
- Study completion1 Apr 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Delivery ProblemStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Paralel designed non randomized two armed study
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 182 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Munzur University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Habibe YAŞAR YETİŞMİŞ, Munzur University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05962918
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- habibe4721
- Status last verified
- Jul 2023
- First submitted
- 31 May 2023
- Last updated
- 27 Jul 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Labrecque M, Eason E, Marcoux S, Lemieux F, Pinault JJ, Feldman P, Laperriere L. Randomized controlled trial of prevention of perineal trauma by perineal massage during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Mar;180(3 Pt 1):593-600. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70260-7.
PubMed 10076134Aquino CI, Guida M, Saccone G, Cruz Y, Vitagliano A, Zullo F, Berghella V. Perineal massage during labor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Mar;33(6):1051-1063. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1512574. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
PubMed 30107756Karacam Z, Ekmen H, Calisir H. The use of perineal massage in the second stage of labor and follow-up of postpartum perineal outcomes. Health Care Women Int. 2012;33(8):697-718. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2012.655385.
PubMed 22827728Williams A, Herron-Marx S, Knibb R. The prevalence of enduring postnatal perineal morbidity and its relationship to type of birth and birth risk factors. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Mar;16(3):549-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01593.x.
PubMed 17335531Kalichman L. Perineal massage to prevent perineal trauma in childbirth. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008 Jul;10(7):531-3. No abstract available.
PubMed 18751635Geranmayeh M, Rezaei Habibabadi Z, Fallahkish B, Farahani MA, Khakbazan Z, Mehran A. Reducing perineal trauma through perineal massage with vaseline in second stage of labor. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012 Jan;285(1):77-81. doi: 10.1007/s00404-011-1919-5. Epub 2011 May 26.
PubMed 21614497Akhlaghi F, Sabeti Baygi Z, Miri M, Najaf Najafi M. Effect of Perineal Massage on the Rate of Episiotomy. J Family Reprod Health. 2019 Sep;13(3):160-166.
PubMed 32201491
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Jul 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of Perineal Massage Performed During Labor on Childbirth Comfort, Perineal Pain and Trauma in Nulliparous Women: A Quasi Experimental Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05962918
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- habibe4721
- Conditions
- Delivery Problem, Childrearing, Satisfaction, Patient, Perineum; Injury, Perineal Tear, Pain, Labor
- Keywords
- Childbirth comfort, Perineal massage, Perineal tear, Perineal pain, midwifery
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 182 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Munzur UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Mar 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Apr 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In this study, perineal massage was applied to primiparous women who did not give birth before, as a quasi-experimental control group to determine the effects of massage on birth comfort, perineal trauma and perineal pain.
Detailed description
In this study, perineal massage was applied to primiparous women who did not give birth before, as a quasi-experimental control group to determine the effects of massage on birth comfort, perineal trauma and perineal pain. Perineal massage was administered to all pregnant women in the experimental group during both the labor and resting phases between contractions. The participants received an average of 5-10 minutes of perineal massage two, four and four to six times at the latent (0-3-cm cervical dilation), active (4-7-cm cervical dilation) and transition (8-10-cm cervical dilation) phases of labor, respectively. These women continued to receive perineal massage at every push throughout the second stage of labor. Before perineal massage, the researcher wore sterile gloves, placed two fingers into the 3-4-cm wide-open vagina and applied Vaseline routinely to lubricate the vagina in the delivery room. . Perineal massage was applied using all three of the "from one edge to the other", "U shape" and "pressure" massage techniques. The researcher gently applied a rhythmic "U" pressure with both fingers, moving them on the vagina downwards about 3 to 9 o'clock. Each pressure movement was maintained laterally for 1-2 minutes towards the rectum.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Paralel designed non randomized two armed study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| perineal massage | Experimental | Other: Perinal massageintervention group with perineal massage |
| control group | No intervention | –The group that received routine hospital protocol and was not massaged. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Having no complications for vaginal delivery
- Having no dystocia affecting the birth process (e.g., prolonged labor, precipitate labor, shoulder dystocia)
- Having a singleton pregnancy,
- Having a fetal head with an anterior cephalic position,
- Being at the latent phase of labor,
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- -All pregnant women who developed fetal distress during labor or had to undergo cesarean delivery were excluded from the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Perinal massagePerineal massage was administered to all pregnant women in the experimental group during both the labor and resting phases between contractions. The participants received an average of 5-10 minutes of perineal massage two, four and four to six times at the latent (0-3-cm cervical dilation), active (4-7-cm cervical dilation) and transition (8-10-cm cervical dilation) phases of labor, respectively. These women continued to receive perineal massage at every push throughout the second stage of labor. The researcher midwife gently widened the perineal muscles by making stretching movements with her fingers. Perineal massage was applied using all three of the "from one edge to the other", "U shape" and "pressure" massage techniques. The researcher gently applied a rhythmic "U" pressure with both fingers, moving them on the vagina downwards about 3 to 9 o'clock. Each pressure movement was maintained laterally for 1-2 minutes towards the rectum. | Other | perineal massage |
Primary outcome
Change in perineal pain scores
Time frame: 4-6 hours after the childbirth
The mean visual analog scale (VAS) scores of the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups were compared to determine the level of perineal pain. Women were asked to rate pain from zero to 10. A score of zero means no pain, while 10 = indicates the most severe pain experienced.
Change in childbirth comfort scores
Time frame: 4-6 hours after coming to labor
The "Childbirth Comfort Questionnaire (CCQ)" score averages were compared to determine the birth comfort levels of the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups. As the score increases, high-level comfort is mentioned, as the score decreases, low-level comfort is mentioned. The lowest and highest possible total scale scores are 9 and 45.
Change in perineal trauma scores
Time frame: 4-6 hours after the childbirth.
The REEDA scale mean scores were compared to determine the perineal trauma levels of the women in the experimental and control groups. The REEDA scale, consists of five variables of wound healing. These variables are redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge and approximation of the wound edges. The scale items are scored between 0 and 3 points. The lowest and highest possible total scale scores are 0 and 15. A higher score indicates a greater level of perineal trauma.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Jul 2023.
- Background: PubMed 10076134Labrecque M, Eason E, Marcoux S, Lemieux F, Pinault JJ, Feldman P, Laperriere L. Randomized controlled trial of prevention of perineal trauma by perineal massage during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Mar;180(3 Pt 1):593-600. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70260-7.
- Background: PubMed 30107756Aquino CI, Guida M, Saccone G, Cruz Y, Vitagliano A, Zullo F, Berghella V. Perineal massage during labor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Mar;33(6):1051-1063. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1512574. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
- Background: PubMed 22827728Karacam Z, Ekmen H, Calisir H. The use of perineal massage in the second stage of labor and follow-up of postpartum perineal outcomes. Health Care Women Int. 2012;33(8):697-718. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2012.655385.
- Background: PubMed 17335531Williams A, Herron-Marx S, Knibb R. The prevalence of enduring postnatal perineal morbidity and its relationship to type of birth and birth risk factors. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Mar;16(3):549-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01593.x.
- Background: PubMed 18751635Kalichman L. Perineal massage to prevent perineal trauma in childbirth. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008 Jul;10(7):531-3. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 21614497Geranmayeh M, Rezaei Habibabadi Z, Fallahkish B, Farahani MA, Khakbazan Z, Mehran A. Reducing perineal trauma through perineal massage with vaseline in second stage of labor. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012 Jan;285(1):77-81. doi: 10.1007/s00404-011-1919-5. Epub 2011 May 26.
- Results publication: PubMed 32201491Akhlaghi F, Sabeti Baygi Z, Miri M, Najaf Najafi M. Effect of Perineal Massage on the Rate of Episiotomy. J Family Reprod Health. 2019 Sep;13(3):160-166.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Perinal massage in people with Delivery Problem and Childrearing, run by Munzur University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Jul 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in perineal pain scores (time frame: 4-6 hours after the childbirth). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05962918, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Jul 2023; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 5 Nov 2026.