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Nutrition, HealthyNCT05979259

Examining the Impact of a Mobile Nutrition Education App for Child Nutrition Education in Canada

A study testing Serious game nutrition education intervention and Conventional nutrition education intervention in people with Nutrition, Healthy, run by University of Ontario Institute of Technology at 1 site in Canada.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This trial will test the hypothesis that a digital curriculum-based nutrition education intervention using the Foodbot Factory serious game (i.e., a game designed for learning) leads to greater student engagement and learning about nutrition, compared to conventional nutrition education (e.g., worksheets), among… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Any age
Conditions the study is for
Nutrition, Healthy
What is being tested?
Serious game nutrition education intervention and Conventional nutrition education intervention
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
616 participants
Where
1 siteCanada
Study dates
25 Oct 2023to 31 Jul 2025
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages Any age
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Grade 4 or 4/5 classroom
  • Classroom is located in a participating school board in Ontario

Who cannot join

  • Classroom has already covered the "Healthy Eating" component of the Ontario Physical Health Education curriculum

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Canada1 site
  • University of Ontario Institute of Technology

    Oshawa, Ontario, L1G0C5

Other trials in Canada

About this study

Official title: Efficacy of a Digital School-Based Nutrition Education Intervention to Improve Children's Healthy Eating Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours

This trial will test the hypothesis that a digital curriculum-based nutrition education intervention using the Foodbot Factory serious game (i.e., a game designed for learning) leads to greater student engagement and learning about nutrition, compared to conventional nutrition education (e.g., worksheets), among students in Grades 4 and 5 in Ontario, Canada. This hypothesis is based on existing research suggesting that digital serious games, when well-integrated into the classroom setting, promote greater student engagement, learning and knowledge retention.

Read the detailed description

This two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled efficacy trial will determine if a digital curriculum-based nutrition education intervention (intervention group) leads to greater increases in overall nutrition knowledge compared to conventional nutrition education (control group) in Grade 4 and 4/5 classrooms after 1 week, and that it facilitates greater retention at 4 weeks and 3 months following the intervention period. Secondary outcomes include sub-scores of nutrition knowledge (i.e., knowledge of specific food groupings), nutrition attitudes, general child nutrition behaviours and dietary intakes. Due to the enhanced engagement serious games can provide, it is hypothesized that participants in the intervention group will show greater changes in and retention of their nutrition knowledge and nutrition behaviours. Thirty-two Grade 4 and 4/5 classrooms in Ontario, Canada will be randomized to the intervention or control group. Participants in both groups will receive nutrition education lessons for 35-40 minutes a day for five consecutive days. Participants in the intervention group will use the Foodbot Factory serious game while participants in the control group will use conventional learning materials (e.g., worksheets, teacher-led instruction). Both interventions will have these learning materials integrated into standardized nutrition education lesson plans. Overall and sub-scores of nutrition knowledge, and nutrition attitudes will be assessed using the Nutrition Attitudes and Knowledge questionnaire. General child nutrition behaviours (e.g., frequency of eating meals outside the home) will be assessed using a modified version of the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Screening Tool and dietary intake will be assessed using the Block Food Screener for Ages 2-17. At baseline, parents and classroom teachers will respectively complete demographic questionnaires to measure co-variates that may impact outcomes of interest (e.g., household food security, presence of school food programs).

Being tested
Serious game nutrition education intervention, Conventional nutrition education intervention
Keywords
Diet, Healthy, Digital Technology, Gamification, Health Education, School Health Services, Food Literacy
Medical subject headings
Health Education

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Serious game nutrition education interventionOther

    Classrooms will receive nutrition education lessons for 35-40 minutes for 5 consecutive days. As part of each lesson, students will play the "Foodbot Factory" nutrition education serious game for 10-15 minutes. The Foodbot Factory serious game and lessons are based on Ontario curriculum requirements and aligned Canada's Food Guide.

  • Conventional nutrition education interventionOther

    Classrooms will receive nutrition education lessons for 35-40 minutes for 5 consecutive days. As part of each lesson, students will use conventional learning activities, such as worksheets, sourced from an online teaching resource repository. The lessons are based on Ontario curriculum requirements and aligned Canada's Food Guide.

Study groups in NCT05979259
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Experimental (Foodbot Factory) GroupExperimentalNot described
Receives: Other: Serious game nutrition education intervention
Control GroupActive comparatorNot described
Receives: Other: Conventional nutrition education intervention

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Overall nutrition knowledge

    Change in knowledge of healthy food choices based on Canada's Food Guide from baseline to immediately post-intervention as assessed by the Nutrition Attitudes and Knowledge Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 20 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and immediately post-intervention (Day 5).

  2. Overall nutrition knowledge

    Change in knowledge of healthy food choices based on Canada's Food Guide from baseline to immediately post-intervention as assessed by the Nutrition Attitudes and Knowledge Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 20 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention.

  3. Overall nutrition knowledge

    Change in knowledge of healthy food choices based on Canada's Food Guide from baseline to immediately post-intervention as assessed by the Nutrition Attitudes and Knowledge Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 20 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 3 months post-intervention.

Secondary outcomes (22)
  1. Drinks knowledge

    Change in knowledge of drink choices based on Canada's Food Guide and assessed by the Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 5 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and immediately post-intervention (Day 5).

  2. Drinks knowledge

    Change in knowledge of drink choices based on Canada's Food Guide and assessed by the Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 5 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention.

  3. Drinks knowledge

    Change in knowledge of drink choices based on Canada's Food Guide and assessed by the Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 5 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 3 months post-intervention.

  4. Whole grain foods knowledge

    Change in knowledge of whole grain food choices based on Canada's Food Guide and assessed by the Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 5 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and immediately post-intervention (Day 5).

  5. Whole grain foods knowledge

    Change in knowledge of whole grain food choices based on Canada's Food Guide and assessed by the Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 5 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention.

  6. Whole grain foods knowledge

    Change in knowledge of whole grain food choices based on Canada's Food Guide and assessed by the Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 5 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 3 months post-intervention.

  7. Vegetables & fruit knowledge

    Change in knowledge of vegetable \& fruit choices based on Canada's Food Guide and assessed by the Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 5 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and immediately post-intervention (Day 5).

  8. Vegetables & fruit knowledge

    Change in knowledge of vegetable \& fruit choices based on Canada's Food Guide and assessed by the Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 5 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention.

  9. Vegetables & fruit knowledge

    Change in knowledge of vegetable \& fruit choices based on Canada's Food Guide and assessed by the Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The maximum score on the scale is 5 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 3 months post-intervention.

  10. Protein foods knowledge

    Change in knowledge of protein food choices based on Canada's Food Guide and assessed by the Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 5 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and immediately post-intervention (Day 5).

  11. Protein foods knowledge

    Change in knowledge of protein choices based on Canada's Food Guide and assessed by the Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 5 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention.

  12. Protein foods knowledge

    Change in knowledge of protein food choices based on Canada's Food Guide and assessed by the Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 5 with higher scores indicating higher knowledge.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 3 months post-intervention.

  13. Nutrition attitudes

    Change in attitudes towards nutrition and healthy eating assessed by the Nutrition Attitudes and Knowledge Questionnaire. Minimum score is 4 and maximum score is 20 with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes towards nutrition and healthy eating.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and immediately post-intervention (Day 5).

  14. Nutrition attitudes

    Change in attitudes towards nutrition and healthy eating assessed by the Nutrition Attitudes and Knowledge Questionnaire. Minimum score is 4 and maximum score is 20 with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes towards nutrition and healthy eating.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention.

  15. Nutrition attitudes

    Change in attitudes towards nutrition and healthy eating assessed by the Nutrition Attitudes and Knowledge Questionnaire. Minimum score is 4 and maximum score is 20 with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes towards nutrition and healthy eating.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 3 months post-intervention.

  16. Dietary intake

    Change in usual intake of foods (e.g., fruit, vegetables, whole grains), reported as average number of daily servings, over the past week assessed by the Block Food Screener Kids.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and immediately post-intervention (Day 5).

  17. Dietary intake

    Change in usual intake of foods (e.g., fruit, vegetables, whole grains), reported as average number of daily servings, over the past week assessed by the Block Food Screener Kids.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention.

  18. Dietary intake

    Change in usual intake of foods (e.g., fruit, vegetables, whole grains), reported as average number of daily servings, over the past week assessed by the Block Food Screener Kids.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 3 months post-intervention.

  19. General nutrition behaviours

    Change in behaviours relevant to nutrition and eating (e.g., frequency of consuming breakfast and meals outside the home) assessed by a modified version of the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Screening Tool. There are 10 questions evaluating how often the child engages in a nutrition behaviour, with responses ranging from Never/Almost Never (1) to Very Often/Always (4). Changes in each behaviour will be reported independently.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and immediately post-intervention (Day 5).

  20. General nutrition behaviours

    Change in behaviours relevant to nutrition and eating (e.g., frequency of consuming breakfast and meals outside the home) assessed by a modified version of the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Screening Tool. There are 10 questions evaluating how often the child engages in a nutrition behaviour, with responses ranging from Never/Almost Never (1) to Very Often/Always (4). Changes in each behaviour will be reported independently.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention.

  21. General nutrition behaviours

    Change in behaviours relevant to nutrition and eating (e.g., frequency of consuming breakfast and meals outside the home) assessed by a modified version of the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Screening Tool. There are 10 questions evaluating how often the child engages in a nutrition behaviour, with responses ranging from Never/Almost Never (1) to Very Often/Always (4). Changes in each behaviour will be reported independently.

    Measured: Measured at baseline and 3 months post-intervention.

  22. Intervention acceptability

    Acceptability of the nutrition education interventions assessed by a questionnaire based on the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. There are 11 questions evaluating different dimensions of intervention acceptability, with responses ranging from 1, indicating strong disagreement, to 5, indicating strong agreement (response options are specific to each question). Responses to each question will be reported independently.

    Measured: Measured immediately post-intervention (Day 5).

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted7 Aug 2023
  2. Study start25 Oct 2023
  3. Primary completion28 Mar 2025
  4. Study completion31 Jul 2025

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
616 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05979259
Sponsor's protocol ID
17109
Status last verified
Aug 2025
First submitted
13 Jul 2023
Last updated
6 Aug 2025
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: The research team aims to publish the study findings in a peer-reviewed journal and at academic conferences. The investigators will make an anonymized copy of the data available in an online repository.

Publications

  • Brown JM, Savaglio R, Watson G, Kaplansky A, LeSage A, Hughes J, Kapralos B, Arcand J. Optimizing Child Nutrition Education With the Foodbot Factory Mobile Health App: Formative Evaluation and Analysis. JMIR Form Res. 2020 Apr 17;4(4):e15534. doi: 10.2196/15534.

    PubMed 32301743
  • Froome HM, Townson C, Rhodes S, Franco-Arellano B, LeSage A, Savaglio R, Brown JM, Hughes J, Kapralos B, Arcand J. The Effectiveness of the Foodbot Factory Mobile Serious Game on Increasing Nutrition Knowledge in Children. Nutrients. 2020 Nov 6;12(11):3413. doi: 10.3390/nu12113413.

    PubMed 33172094
  • Franco-Arellano B, Brown JM, Froome HM, LeSage A, Arcand J. Development and pilot testing of the Nutrition Attitudes and Knowledge Questionnaire to measure changes of child nutrition knowledge related to the Canada's Food Guide. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2021 Dec;46(12):1495-1501. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0170. Epub 2021 Jul 21.

    PubMed 34289315
  • Brown JM, Tahir S, Franco-Arellano B, LeSage A, Hughes J, Kapralos B, Lou W, Vogel E, Farkouh M, Tugault-Lafleur C, Arcand J. Efficacy of the Foodbot Factory digital curriculum-based nutrition education intervention in improving children's nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in elementary school classrooms: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2025 Jan 28;15(1):e092426. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-092426.

    PubMed 39880422

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Serious game nutrition education intervention and Conventional nutrition education intervention in people with Nutrition, Healthy, run by University of Ontario Institute of Technology at 1 site in Canada.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Overall nutrition knowledge (time frame: Measured at baseline and immediately post-intervention (Day 5).). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05979259, which also lists 4 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Aug 2025.

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