Conduct DisorderFASTNCT06032520
The Effectiveness of Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy: a Multiple Case Experimental Design
An observational study of Conduct Disorder and Antisocial Behavior, run by Utrecht University at 2 sites in Netherlands.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and mediators of Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (FAST). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 12 to 21 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Conduct Disorder, Antisocial Behavior, Aggression
- What is being tested?
- FAST
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- How many people
- 21 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesNetherlands
- Study dates
- 25 Aug 2023to 18 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 12 to 21 years
- All sexes
- Child, Adult
Study population: The study population includes juveniles that will receive FAST. FAST is offered by de Waag, an outpatient forensic mental health care center in the Netherlands.
FAST therapists determine whether clients meet inclusion and exclusion criteria of FAST during the standard intake procedure of FAST. The FAST inclusion criteria are:
- Juvenile has an estimated IQ-score of 80 or higher and/or sufficient adaptive skills to benefit from FAST;
- Juvenile is aged 12 to 21 years old at the start of the intervention;
- Juvenile exhibits externalizing behavior resulting in problems in at least two life areas (family, school, or leisure time), determined by clinical impressions based on information from intake and/or referrer information;
- Juvenile has a medium to high recidivism risk, measured by the Risk Assessment Instrument for Outpatient Forensic Mental Health Care Youth (RAF GGZ Youth);
- Presence of juvenile-caregiver relationship problems, measured by the RAF GGZ Youth;
- Juvenile has a diagnosis of a DSM-5 behavioral disorder, which is determined using a new diagnostic process or case file analysis;
- Juvenile and caregiver(s) cannot be motivated to follow treatment at the treatment site after multiple attempts by the therapist;
- Juvenile resides with their caregiver(s) or is expected to return to residing with their caregiver(s) within the first two months of FAST.
The FAST exclusion criteria are:
- Juvenile exhibits severe psychiatric symptoms requiring admission;
- Problem behavior of the juvenile is caused primarily by substance abuse problems and it is expected that treatment of the substance abuse problems will decrease the problem behavior;
- The safety of the family members or therapist cannot be sufficiently guaranteed.
To be eligible for participation in this study, one modified study inclusion criterium applies, i.e., the juvenile has primary aggression and/or anger problems (approximately 80% of referred juveniles). In addition, one study exclusion criterium applies, i.e., the juvenile is in secure residential care or confined in a correctional or detention facility at start of the intervention.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
About this study
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and mediators of Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (FAST).
Read the detailed description
Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (in Dutch: Forensische Ambulante Systeem Therapie; FAST) is a promising treatment for juveniles showing severe antisocial behavior, including aggression, (domestic) violence, and delinquent behavior. FAST has a flexible intensity and length, addresses individual and systemic risk and protective factors, and is responsive to the abilities of the client (system), intervention characteristics all considered crucial for effective treatment. The current study will investigate whether FAST is effective in reducing aggression of the juvenile, in reaching client formulated subgoals, and in improving family functioning (i.e., reducing juvenile-caregiver conflict and increasing caregiver responsiveness). In addition, processes of change will be examined, as well as mediation by reaching client formulated subgoals and improved family functioning. A Multiple Case Experimental Design (MCED) with an ABC design will be performed (A = baseline, B = intervention, and C = follow-up). Juveniles with primary aggression and/or anger problems (N = 15) and their caregiver(s) will be recruited.
- Conditions
- Conduct Disorder, Antisocial Behavior, Aggression, Behavioral Disorder
- Being tested
- FAST
- Keywords
- Multiple Case Experimental Design, Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy, Antisocial Behavior, Aggression, Mediation, Effectiveness
- Medical subject headings
- Conduct Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Aggression, Mental Disorders, Negotiating
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
FASTBehavioural
Also called Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy, Forensische Ambulante Systeem Therapie
FAST includes around 3 hours of face-to-face direct treatment time weekly and consists of a maximum of 10% online direct treatment time (i.e., treatment via phone, video-calling or texting). The treatment stage of FAST lasts five to nine months depending on the individual goals of the juvenile and the caregiver(s) and is followed by a period of aftercare.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (FAST) | FAST is a promising treatment for juveniles showing severe antisocial behavior, including aggression, (domestic) violence, and delinquent behavior. FAST has a flexible intensity and length, addresses individual and systemic risk and protective factors, and is responsive to the abilities of the client (system), intervention characteristics all considered crucial for effective treatment. Receives: Behavioral: FAST |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Aggression assessed by the Aggressive Behavior scale of the Youth Self Report (YSR)
The YSR is a self-reported instrument. The Aggressive Behavior scale contains 19 items assessing aggression. Possible scores range from 1 (never) to 100 (always).
Measured: Twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks
Change in Aggression assessed by the Aggressive Behavior scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
The CBCL is a caregiver-reported instrument. The Aggressive Behavior scale contains 19 items assessing aggression. Possible scores range from 1 (never) to 100 (always).
Measured: Twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks
Change in Client Formulated Subgoals assessed by the FAST Goal list
The FAST Goal list is a self-report instrument for juveniles and caregivers. It contains 21 items with possible scores ranging from 0 (not true at all) to 100 (definitely true). The FAST Goal lists are used in an idiographic and client-guided approach. The first questionnaire in phase A contains the entire FAST Goal list and a follow-up question asks participants to prioritize their top three FAST goals. In the subsequent measurements, only the items measuring the three prioritized goals are administered. Added to these three items, a fourth item measures whether prioritization or goals have changed. If so, the participant is asked to state their new prioritization or goals, and the questions about the new goals are added in the subsequent measurements.
Measured: Twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks
Change in Juvenile-Caregiver Conflict assessed by the Network of Relationship Inventory (NRI)
The NRI is a self-reported instrument for juveniles and caregivers. The NRI contains six items with possible scores ranging from 1 (not at all) to 100 (the most).
Measured: T1 (baseline); twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks
Change in Caregiver Responsiveness assessed by the the Responsiveness Scale of the Nijmeegse Parenting Questionnaire (NPQ)
The NPQ is a self-reported instrument for juveniles and caregivers. The the Responsiveness Scale contains eight items with possible scores ranging from 1 (completely disagree) to 100 (completely agree).
Measured: T1 (baseline); twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks
Change in Additional Criminogenic Needs assessed by individualized items
If severe truancy, substance use, contact with deviant peers, or delinquent behavior are reported at T1 but not prioritized in the top three goals, single items will be administered on these problems as well.
Measured: Twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks
Secondary outcomes (33)
Change in Externalizing Behavior assessed by the Youth Self Report (YSR)
The YSR is a self-reported instrument. The Externalizing scale contains 30 items assessing aggression and delinquency. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 2 (often).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Externalizing Behavior assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
The CBCL is a caregiver-reported instrument. The Externalizing scale contains 36 items assessing aggression and delinquency. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 2 (often).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Delinquency assessed with the Self-Report Delinquent Behavior (SDB)
The SDB is a self-reported instrument, assessing how many times the juvenile has done certain (rule-breaking) things in the past year. The SDB contains 30 items.
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Percentage of Participants with Out of Home Placement assessed using File Analysis
A participant is viewed as being placed out of home when they do not reside with their primary family, either temporarily or permanently, and either voluntarily or involuntarily. Out of home placement is registered by therapists during treatment as part of the standard FAST procedure.
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Percentage of Participants with Out of Home Placement assessed using an Out of Home Placement Questionnaire
A participant is viewed as being placed out of home when they do not reside with their primary family, either temporarily or permanently, and either voluntarily or involuntarily. Out of home placement will be assessed using a questionnaire measuring living situation, which is filled in by juveniles and caregivers. The questionnaire contains one item assessing where the juvenile lives most days of the week.
Measured: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Recidivism Risk assessed with the RAF GGZ Youth
The RAF GGZ Youth is an extensive risk assessment instrument and includes items measuring recidivism risk. The RAF GGZ Youth is filled in by the therapist as part of the standard FAST procedure. Possible scores range from 1 (low) to 5 (high).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Substance Use assessed with the Peilstation Middelengebruik
Peilstation Middelengebruik is a self-reported instrument. It contains five items assessing frequency and intensity of substance use.
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Substance Use assessed with the RAF GGZ Youth
The RAF GGZ Youth is an extensive risk assessment instrument and includes items measuring substance use. The RAF GGZ Youth is filled in by the therapist as part of the standard FAST procedure.
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Substance Use assessed with the FAST Goal list
The FAST Goals List is filled in by juveniles, caregivers, and therapists as part of the standard FAST procedure, and assess the achievement of FAST goals in the past two months. The list includes 1 item on change in substance use. Possible scores range from 1 (not true at all) to 10 (absolutely true).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Contact with Deviant Peers assessed with the Basic Peer Questionnaire (BPQ)
The BPQ is a self-reported instrument with 13 items. Possible scores differ per question, for instance measuring amount of friends, or 0 (never) to 4 (5 times or more).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Social Support assessed by the Parental Support Questionnaire (PSQ)
The PSQ is a caregiver self-reported instrument and contains 15 items. Possible scores range from 0 (no) to 1 (yes), and 1 (unsatisfied) to 5 (satisfied).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Caregiver-Adolescent Relationship Quality assessed by the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA)
The IPPA is a juvenile self-reported instrument and contains 12 items per caregiver. Possible scores range from
1 (almost never) to 4 (almost always).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Caregiver-Adolescent Relationship Quality assessed by the Nijmeegse Parenting Stress Index (NPSI)
The NPSI is a caregiver self-reported instrument and contains nine items. Possible scores range from 1 (not applicable at all) to 6 (completely applicable).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Caregiver Consistency assessed by the Consistency Scale of the Parenting Dimensions Inventory (PDI)
The PDI is a juvenile and caregiver self-reported instrument. The Consistency scale contains eight items. Possible scores range from 1 (completely disagree) to 6 (completely agree).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Behavioral Control assessed by the Parenting Practices
The Parent Practices is a juvenile and caregiver self-reported instrument and contains six items. Possible scores range from 1 (never) to 5 (always).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Discipline Practices assessed by the Parenting Dimensions Inventory (PDI)
The PDI is a juvenile and caregiver self-reported instrument and contains three hypothetical situations with six items each. Possible scores range from 1 (very improbable) to 6 (very probable).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Psychological Control assessed by the Psychological Control Scale Youth Self-Report (PCS-YSR)
The PCS-YSR is a self-reported instrument and contains eight items. Possible scores range from 1 (not applicable at all) to 5 (completely applicable).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Caregiver Competence assessed by the Nijmeegse Parenting Stress Index (NPSI)
The NPSI is a caregiver self-reported instrument and contains 15 items. Possible scores range from 1 (completely disagree) to 6 (completely agree).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Parental Monitoring assessed by the Parental Monitoring Scale
The Parental Monitoring Scale is reported on by juveniles. It contains five items and one additional item measuring parental knowledge about school grades. Possible scores range from 1 (nothing) to 4 (everything).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Cognitive Distortions assessed by the Brief Irrational Thoughts Inventory (BITI)
The BITI is a self-reported instrument and is filled in by juveniles as part of the standard FAST procedure. The BITI contains 18 items with possible scores range from 1 (completely disagree) to 6 (completely agree).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Demographics assessed by a Demographic Information Questionnaire
The Demographic information questionnaire contains items about gender, age, and occupation. The questionnaire contains nine items for juveniles, 19 for caregivers, and eight for therapists.
Measured: T1 (baseline)
Primary Diagnosis assessed by Therapist File Search
The therapist file contains the primary diagnosis of the juvenile.
Measured: T1 (baseline)
Change in Personality assessed by the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU)
The ICU is reported by juveniles and caregivers and contains 24 items. Possible scores range from 1 (completely untrue) to 4 (always true).
Measured: T1 (baseline)
Change in Personality assessed by the Narcissism and Impulse Control scales of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD)
The APSD is reported by juveniles and caregivers. The scales contain 12 items for juveniles and 16 items for caregivers. Possible scores range from 1 (completely true) to 4 (always true).
Measured: T1 (baseline)
Caregiver Psychopathology assessed by the RAF GGZ Youth
The RAF GGZ Youth is an extensive risk assessment instrument and includes items measuring caregiver psychopathology. The RAF GGZ Youth is filled in by the therapist as part of the standard FAST procedure. Possible scores range from 0 (problems not present) to 2 (problems definitely present).
Measured: T1 (baseline)
Treatment Integrity assessed by the FAST Evaluation Forms
The FAST evaluation forms are filled in by juveniles, caregivers, and therapists as part of the standard FAST procedure. Possible scores range from 0 (no) to 1 (yes), and 1 (very bad, never) to 10 (very good, always).
Measured: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months from baseline
Treatment Completion assessed by Therapist File Search
Treatment completion will be assessed by coding whether FAST completion was registered as positive or negative.
Measured: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months from baseline
Treatment Duration assessed by Therapist File Search
Treatment duration will be calculated based on the registered direct treatment time by therapists in their appointment agendas. Treatment duration will be measured in weeks.
Measured: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months from baseline
Treatment Intensity assessed by Therapist File Search
Treatment intensity will be calculated based on the registered direct treatment time by therapists in their appointment agendas. Treatment intensity will be measured in average hours of direct treatment time per week.
Measured: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months from baseline
Therapist-Client Alliance assessed by the Relationship with Interventionist
The Relationship with Interventionist is a juvenile and caregiver self-reported instrument and contains 12 items. Possible scores range from 1 (completely disagree) to 6 (completely agree).
Measured: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months from baseline
Change in Treatment Motivation assessed by the Treatment Motivation Scales for Forensic Outpatient Treatment (TMS-F)
The TMS-F is reported on by juveniles and caregivers and contains 16 items. Possible scores range from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree).
Measured: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Treatment Expectancies assessed by the Parent Expectancies for Therapy Scale (PETS)
The PETS is a caregiver self-reported instrument and contains seven items. Possible scores range from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree).
Measured: T1 (baseline)
Treatment Cooperation assessed by the Cooperation Scale
The Cooperation Scale is reported on by juveniles, caregivers, and therapists and contains five items. Possible scores range from 1 (completely disagree) to 6 (completely agree).
Measured: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months from baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Sep 2023
- Study start25 Aug 2023
- Primary completion18 Dec 2025
- Study completion18 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Conduct DisorderStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 21 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Utrecht University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- De Waag
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Marjolein van Cappellen, Utrecht University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06032520
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 60-63600-98-1138a
- Acronym
- FAST
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 28 Aug 2023
- Last updated
- 1 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: The details on which parts of the data will be shared still have to be discussed.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effectiveness of Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy: a Multiple Case Experimental Design
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06032520
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FAST / 60-63600-98-1138a
- Conditions
- Conduct Disorder, Antisocial Behavior, Aggression, Behavioral Disorder
- Keywords
- Multiple Case Experimental Design, Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy, Antisocial Behavior, Aggression, Mediation, Effectiveness
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 21 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Utrecht UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- De Waag
- Study start
- 25 Aug 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 18 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 18 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and mediators of Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (FAST).
Detailed description
Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (in Dutch: Forensische Ambulante Systeem Therapie; FAST) is a promising treatment for juveniles showing severe antisocial behavior, including aggression, (domestic) violence, and delinquent behavior. FAST has a flexible intensity and length, addresses individual and systemic risk and protective factors, and is responsive to the abilities of the client (system), intervention characteristics all considered crucial for effective treatment. The current study will investigate whether FAST is effective in reducing aggression of the juvenile, in reaching client formulated subgoals, and in improving family functioning (i.e., reducing juvenile-caregiver conflict and increasing caregiver responsiveness). In addition, processes of change will be examined, as well as mediation by reaching client formulated subgoals and improved family functioning. A Multiple Case Experimental Design (MCED) with an ABC design will be performed (A = baseline, B = intervention, and C = follow-up). Juveniles with primary aggression and/or anger problems (N = 15) and their caregiver(s) will be recruited.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (FAST) | – | Behavioral: FASTFAST is a promising treatment for juveniles showing severe antisocial behavior, including aggression, (domestic) violence, and delinquent behavior. FAST has a flexible intensity and length, addresses individual and systemic risk and protective factors, and is responsive to the abilities of the client (system), intervention characteristics all considered crucial for effective treatment. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 12 to 21 years
- Sex
- All
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
- Study population
- The study population includes juveniles that will receive FAST. FAST is offered by de Waag, an outpatient forensic mental health care center in the Netherlands.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| FASTAlso: Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy, Forensische Ambulante Systeem TherapieFAST includes around 3 hours of face-to-face direct treatment time weekly and consists of a maximum of 10% online direct treatment time (i.e., treatment via phone, video-calling or texting). The treatment stage of FAST lasts five to nine months depending on the individual goals of the juvenile and the caregiver(s) and is followed by a period of aftercare. | Behavioural | Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (FAST) |
Primary outcome
Change in Aggression assessed by the Aggressive Behavior scale of the Youth Self Report (YSR)
Time frame: Twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks
The YSR is a self-reported instrument. The Aggressive Behavior scale contains 19 items assessing aggression. Possible scores range from 1 (never) to 100 (always).
Change in Aggression assessed by the Aggressive Behavior scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
Time frame: Twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks
The CBCL is a caregiver-reported instrument. The Aggressive Behavior scale contains 19 items assessing aggression. Possible scores range from 1 (never) to 100 (always).
Change in Client Formulated Subgoals assessed by the FAST Goal list
Time frame: Twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks
The FAST Goal list is a self-report instrument for juveniles and caregivers. It contains 21 items with possible scores ranging from 0 (not true at all) to 100 (definitely true). The FAST Goal lists are used in an idiographic and client-guided approach. The first questionnaire in phase A contains the entire FAST Goal list and a follow-up question asks participants to prioritize their top three FAST goals. In the subsequent measurements, only the items measuring the three prioritized goals are administered. Added to these three items, a fourth item measures whether prioritization or goals have changed. If so, the participant is asked to state their new prioritization or goals, and the questions about the new goals are added in the subsequent measurements.
Change in Juvenile-Caregiver Conflict assessed by the Network of Relationship Inventory (NRI)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks
The NRI is a self-reported instrument for juveniles and caregivers. The NRI contains six items with possible scores ranging from 1 (not at all) to 100 (the most).
Change in Caregiver Responsiveness assessed by the the Responsiveness Scale of the Nijmeegse Parenting Questionnaire (NPQ)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks
The NPQ is a self-reported instrument for juveniles and caregivers. The the Responsiveness Scale contains eight items with possible scores ranging from 1 (completely disagree) to 100 (completely agree).
Change in Additional Criminogenic Needs assessed by individualized items
Time frame: Twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks
If severe truancy, substance use, contact with deviant peers, or delinquent behavior are reported at T1 but not prioritized in the top three goals, single items will be administered on these problems as well.
33 secondary outcomes
Change in Externalizing Behavior assessed by the Youth Self Report (YSR)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Externalizing Behavior assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Delinquency assessed with the Self-Report Delinquent Behavior (SDB)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Percentage of Participants with Out of Home Placement assessed using File Analysis
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Percentage of Participants with Out of Home Placement assessed using an Out of Home Placement Questionnaire
Time frame: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Recidivism Risk assessed with the RAF GGZ Youth
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Substance Use assessed with the Peilstation Middelengebruik
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Substance Use assessed with the RAF GGZ Youth
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Substance Use assessed with the FAST Goal list
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Contact with Deviant Peers assessed with the Basic Peer Questionnaire (BPQ)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Social Support assessed by the Parental Support Questionnaire (PSQ)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Caregiver-Adolescent Relationship Quality assessed by the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Caregiver-Adolescent Relationship Quality assessed by the Nijmeegse Parenting Stress Index (NPSI)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Caregiver Consistency assessed by the Consistency Scale of the Parenting Dimensions Inventory (PDI)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Behavioral Control assessed by the Parenting Practices
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Discipline Practices assessed by the Parenting Dimensions Inventory (PDI)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Psychological Control assessed by the Psychological Control Scale Youth Self-Report (PCS-YSR)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Caregiver Competence assessed by the Nijmeegse Parenting Stress Index (NPSI)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Parental Monitoring assessed by the Parental Monitoring Scale
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Change in Cognitive Distortions assessed by the Brief Irrational Thoughts Inventory (BITI)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Demographics assessed by a Demographic Information Questionnaire
Time frame: T1 (baseline)
Primary Diagnosis assessed by Therapist File Search
Time frame: T1 (baseline)
Change in Personality assessed by the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU)
Time frame: T1 (baseline)
Change in Personality assessed by the Narcissism and Impulse Control scales of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD)
Time frame: T1 (baseline)
Caregiver Psychopathology assessed by the RAF GGZ Youth
Time frame: T1 (baseline)
Treatment Integrity assessed by the FAST Evaluation Forms
Time frame: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months from baseline
Treatment Completion assessed by Therapist File Search
Time frame: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months from baseline
Treatment Duration assessed by Therapist File Search
Time frame: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months from baseline
Treatment Intensity assessed by Therapist File Search
Time frame: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months from baseline
Therapist-Client Alliance assessed by the Relationship with Interventionist
Time frame: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months from baseline
Change in Treatment Motivation assessed by the Treatment Motivation Scales for Forensic Outpatient Treatment (TMS-F)
Time frame: T1 (baseline); T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months
Treatment Expectancies assessed by the Parent Expectancies for Therapy Scale (PETS)
Time frame: T1 (baseline)
Treatment Cooperation assessed by the Cooperation Scale
Time frame: T2 (post-intervention) up to 9 months from baseline
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Jun 2026.
- FAST Intervention DescriptionLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. The details on which parts of the data will be shared still have to be discussed.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Conduct Disorder and Antisocial Behavior, run by Utrecht University at 2 sites in Netherlands.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Netherlands. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Aggression assessed by the Aggressive Behavior scale of the Youth Self Report (YSR) (time frame: Twice a week during phase A, up to 5 weeks; every other week during phase B, up to 8 months; weekly during phase C, 6 weeks). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Jun 2026.