Educational ProblemsNCT06061003
3D Resin Printed Fracture Models for Anatomy Education
A study testing Clinical Anatomical Education with Fractured Bone Models and Clinical Anatomical Education with Standard Bone Models in people with Educational Problems and Anatomical Pathological Condition, run by Abant Izzet Baysal University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Resin printing is an emerging technology with a wide array of applications. This research seeks to assess the practicality of incorporating 3D resin printed models into anatomy education while investigating how fractured models impact students' decision-making and quiz scores. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Educational Problems, Anatomical Pathological Condition
- What is being tested?
- Clinical Anatomical Education with Fractured Bone Models and Clinical Anatomical Education with Standard Bone Models
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 108 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 29 Sep 2023to 15 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- having stereopsis above 40 arc/seconds according to the Titmus Stereopsis Test
Who cannot join
- having partial or total vision loss
- having a history of traumatic injury to the upper extremities within the last six months
- having used wrist anatomy models in virtual or real environments
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Abant Izzet Baysal University
Bolu, Merkez, 14100
About this study
Official title: Can High Resolution 3D Resin Printed Models be Used in Clinical Anatomy Education for Fracture Rehabilitation
Resin printing is an emerging technology with a wide array of applications. This research seeks to assess the practicality of incorporating 3D resin printed models into anatomy education while investigating how fractured models impact students' decision-making and quiz scores.
Read the detailed description
Over the past decade, 3D printing has become increasingly accessible and cost-effective, offering systems and materials suitable for home use. 3D printing is a technology that streamlines production by translating computer-generated models into physical objects, layer by layer. In comparison to other tissue engineering and rapid prototyping methods, 3D printing boasts numerous advantages, such as exceptional precision, rapid production, cost-effectiveness, and seamless integration. Utilizing 3D models can significantly enhance the comprehension of intricate structures for medical professionals and students alike. Common materials used in 3D printing include robust nylon, aluminum, gypsum, textile components, polylactic acid, and resin. Among these, photosensitive resin stands out, as it enables the creation of higher-quality, more intricate structures that closely resemble real tissues, offering a smoother finish devoid of visible raw material textures.
This study's primary objective was to assess the suitability of tissues produced by a 3D resin printer in anatomy education, with the aim of enhancing hands-on training through direct manipulation of fractured bone models.
- Being tested
- Clinical Anatomical Education with Fractured Bone Models, Clinical Anatomical Education with Standard Bone Models
- Medical subject headings
- Pathological Conditions, Anatomical
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Clinical Anatomical Education with Fractured Bone ModelsOther
Participants will undergo a 2-hour training session, consisting of 60 minutes of theory and 60 minutes of practice. The theoretical lesson, supported by 2D images illustrating wrist anatomy, types of fractures, and rehabilitation based on fracture type, will be simultaneously delivered to both groups. Following this, the practical group will receive a 60-minute hands-on session using 3D-printed digital models of radius and ulna fractures. These training sessions will be scheduled in the morning hours, on a day when students have no other classes between 9 am and 12 pm, to minimize mental fatigue and exhaustion. In the practical session, anatomical structures, their relationships, and arrangements will be demonstrated to the practice group using a model of a fractured wrist.
Clinical Anatomical Education with Standard Bone ModelsOther
Participants will undergo a 2-hour training session, consisting of 60 minutes of theory and 60 minutes of practice. The theoretical lesson, supported by 2D images illustrating wrist anatomy, types of fractures, and rehabilitation based on fracture type, will be simultaneously delivered to both groups. Following this, the practical group will receive a 60-minute hands-on session using 3D-printed digital models of radius and ulna fractures. These training sessions will be scheduled in the morning hours, on a day when students have no other classes between 9 am and 12 pm, to minimize mental fatigue and exhaustion. The control group will receive the same practical session using a standard anatomical model.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Fractured Model Group | Other | All participants will receive 60 minutes training on anatomy and pathophysiology of theoric wrist fractures. After lecture completed, the Fractured Model Group will engage in a 2-hours hands-on practical session in the laboratory, working with wrist fracture models. Receives: Other: Clinical Anatomical Education with Fractured Bone Models |
| Standard Anatomic Model Group | Other | All participants will receive 60 minutes training on anatomy and pathophysiology of theoric wrist fractures.After lecture completed, the Standard Anatomic Model Group will engage in a 2-hours hands-on practical session in the laboratory, working with standard anatomical wrist models. Receives: Other: Clinical Anatomical Education with Standard Bone Models |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Clinical Test
A 25-question multiple choice questions test will be employed to assess students' anatomical knowledge and their decision-making capabilities for the rehabilitation program. The test will be prepared according to Bloom's taxonomy and will consist of both multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Total test time wil lbe 60 minutes and scores will be recorded as percentages.
Measured: one hour
Secondary outcomes (3)
Academic Motivation
Academic Motivation Scale test taking motivation questionnaire will be used to assess participants' motivations. This scale, consisting of 22 questions and 7 subscales, evaluates amotivation, as well as internal and external motivation.
Measured: one hour
Test Anxiety Inventory
To examine whether there is a change in the level of anxiety experienced by students during the exam, a 5-question short version of Test Anxiety Inventory will be used. The test includes sections related to ease, comfort associated with learning, and alignment of exam questions with the course.
Measured: one hour
Enjoyment and Ease of Use Assessment
Participants will fill out a feedback questionnaire regarding the learning instruments using visual analogue scale.
Measured: one hour
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Sep 2023
- Study start29 Sep 2023
- Primary completion1 Jan 2026
- Study completion15 Jan 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Educational ProblemsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Abant Izzet Baysal UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Two groups as intervention and control groups. Assessments will be performed before intervention, and after the theorical/practical lectures.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 108 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Abant Izzet Baysal University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ramazan KURUL, Abant Izzet Baysal University
- Investigators
- Ramazan Kurul, Principal investigator, Abant Izzet Baysal University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06061003
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AIBU-FTR-RK-08
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 24 Sep 2023
- Last updated
- 16 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Kurul R, Inal B, Diramali M, Ozer H, Erdogan KE. Evaluating the educational impact of tomography-based high-resolution 3D-printed distal radius fracture models. BMC Med Educ. 2025 Dec 24;25(1):1706. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-08164-w.
PubMed 41444874
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Can High Resolution 3D Resin Printed Models be Used in Clinical Anatomy Education for Fracture Rehabilitation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06061003
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AIBU-FTR-RK-08
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 108 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Abant Izzet Baysal UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 29 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Jan 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Resin printing is an emerging technology with a wide array of applications. This research seeks to assess the practicality of incorporating 3D resin printed models into anatomy education while investigating how fractured models impact students' decision-making and quiz scores.
Detailed description
Over the past decade, 3D printing has become increasingly accessible and cost-effective, offering systems and materials suitable for home use. 3D printing is a technology that streamlines production by translating computer-generated models into physical objects, layer by layer. In comparison to other tissue engineering and rapid prototyping methods, 3D printing boasts numerous advantages, such as exceptional precision, rapid production, cost-effectiveness, and seamless integration. Utilizing 3D models can significantly enhance the comprehension of intricate structures for medical professionals and students alike. Common materials used in 3D printing include robust nylon, aluminum, gypsum, textile components, polylactic acid, and resin. Among these, photosensitive resin stands out, as it enables the creation of higher-quality, more intricate structures that closely resemble real tissues, offering a smoother finish devoid of visible raw material textures.
This study's primary objective was to assess the suitability of tissues produced by a 3D resin printer in anatomy education, with the aim of enhancing hands-on training through direct manipulation of fractured bone models.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Two groups as intervention and control groups. Assessments will be performed before intervention, and after the theorical/practical lectures.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Fractured Model Group | Other | Other: Clinical Anatomical Education with Fractured Bone ModelsAll participants will receive 60 minutes training on anatomy and pathophysiology of theoric wrist fractures. After lecture completed, the Fractured Model Group will engage in a 2-hours hands-on practical session in the laboratory, working with wrist fracture models. |
| Standard Anatomic Model Group | Other | Other: Clinical Anatomical Education with Standard Bone ModelsAll participants will receive 60 minutes training on anatomy and pathophysiology of theoric wrist fractures.After lecture completed, the Standard Anatomic Model Group will engage in a 2-hours hands-on practical session in the laboratory, working with standard anatomical wrist models. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- having stereopsis above 40 arc/seconds according to the Titmus Stereopsis Test
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- having partial or total vision loss
- having a history of traumatic injury to the upper extremities within the last six months
- having used wrist anatomy models in virtual or real environments
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Anatomical Education with Fractured Bone ModelsParticipants will undergo a 2-hour training session, consisting of 60 minutes of theory and 60 minutes of practice. The theoretical lesson, supported by 2D images illustrating wrist anatomy, types of fractures, and rehabilitation based on fracture type, will be simultaneously delivered to both groups. Following this, the practical group will receive a 60-minute hands-on session using 3D-printed digital models of radius and ulna fractures. These training sessions will be scheduled in the morning hours, on a day when students have no other classes between 9 am and 12 pm, to minimize mental fatigue and exhaustion. In the practical session, anatomical structures, their relationships, and arrangements will be demonstrated to the practice group using a model of a fractured wrist. | Other | Fractured Model Group |
| Clinical Anatomical Education with Standard Bone ModelsParticipants will undergo a 2-hour training session, consisting of 60 minutes of theory and 60 minutes of practice. The theoretical lesson, supported by 2D images illustrating wrist anatomy, types of fractures, and rehabilitation based on fracture type, will be simultaneously delivered to both groups. Following this, the practical group will receive a 60-minute hands-on session using 3D-printed digital models of radius and ulna fractures. These training sessions will be scheduled in the morning hours, on a day when students have no other classes between 9 am and 12 pm, to minimize mental fatigue and exhaustion. The control group will receive the same practical session using a standard anatomical model. | Other | Standard Anatomic Model Group |
Primary outcome
Clinical Test
Time frame: one hour
A 25-question multiple choice questions test will be employed to assess students' anatomical knowledge and their decision-making capabilities for the rehabilitation program. The test will be prepared according to Bloom's taxonomy and will consist of both multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Total test time wil lbe 60 minutes and scores will be recorded as percentages.
3 secondary outcomes
Academic Motivation
Time frame: one hour
Test Anxiety Inventory
Time frame: one hour
Enjoyment and Ease of Use Assessment
Time frame: one hour
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Oct 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41444874Kurul R, Inal B, Diramali M, Ozer H, Erdogan KE. Evaluating the educational impact of tomography-based high-resolution 3D-printed distal radius fracture models. BMC Med Educ. 2025 Dec 24;25(1):1706. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-08164-w.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ramazan Kurul principal investigator
Abant Izzet Baysal University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Clinical Anatomical Education with Fractured Bone Models and Clinical Anatomical Education with Standard Bone Models in people with Educational Problems and Anatomical Pathological Condition, run by Abant Izzet Baysal University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Clinical Test (time frame: one hour). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06061003, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Oct 2026.