Spider FearOMEXNCT06182709
Feasibility of an Online Modeled Exposure in Spider Fearful Individuals
A study testing online psychoeducation video + modeled exposure, live psychoeducation video + modeled exposure and group exposure in people with Spider Fear and Arachnophobia, run by Philipps University Marburg at 1 site in Germany.
Trial summary
The effectiveness of an optimized group exposure treatment is investigated in spider-fearful individuals. Participants will undergo an optimized standardized exposure treatment. After receiving information about the treatment and the phobic stimulus (spider) through a psychoeducation video, participants will observe… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Spider Fear, Arachnophobia
- What is being tested?
- online psychoeducation video + modeled exposure, live psychoeducation video + modeled exposure and group exposure
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 78 participants
- Where
- 1 siteGermany
- Study dates
- 11 Dec 2023to 5 Sep 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Elevated score on Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ) >= 17
Who cannot join
- Severe allergies to bees/spiders/insects
- Current psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment
- Past psychotherapeutic/psychiatric treatment due to anxiety problems
- Current or past psychotic symptoms
- Current suicidal intent
- Experience with exposure-based treatment
- Current psychopharmacological medication
- Severe respiratory, neurological or cardiovascular diseases
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Group Exposure Treatment: Feasibility of an Online Modeled Exposure in Spider Fearful Individuals
The effectiveness of an optimized group exposure treatment is investigated in spider-fearful individuals. Participants will undergo an optimized standardized exposure treatment. After receiving information about the treatment and the phobic stimulus (spider) through a psychoeducation video, participants will observe an exposure treatment of another fearful person, either live or by watching a movie of an exposure treatment online. Subsequently, participants will undergo a live in vivo exposure treatment conducted in a group setting. The effectiveness of the treatment is measured by symptom improvement according to online behavioral avoidance tests and subjective ratings immediately after training and one week later.
Read the detailed description
The treatment of various anxiety disorders often involves exposure therapy. However, a considerable number of patients do not benefit or experience a resurgence of anxiety following successful treatment. Vicarious safety learning (i.e., modeled exposure) presents a promising avenue to improve therapeutic outcome. Previous evidence indicates that vicarious safety learning can diminish previously acquired fear associations, thereby reducing behavioral avoidance. While single-session interventions have implemented modeled exposure, specific mechanisms of observational learning have not been extensively investigated. Due to high dropout rates in specific phobias, modeled exposure could be utilized as an additional treatment method, potentially yielding better outcomes trough additional learning experience.
This study aims to investigate the applicability of observational learning and its sustainability through mental retrieval cues. Specifically, the study is going to assess the feasibility of modeled exposure conveyed either live or online via video, offering a practical approach within a stepped-care framework. The modeled exposure treatment will be followed by a group exposure treatment to assess the influence of modeled exposure in spider-fearful individuals.
Physically healthy spider-fearful individuals will be either treated with an online or live modeled standardized exposure followed by a group exposure treatment. Half of the participants will receive a mental retrieval cue before the group exposure treatment one day after the modeled exposure treatment. The research aims to determine if long-term reduction of spider fear is achievable through online modeled exposure via video compared to in-person modeled exposure.
- Conditions
- Spider Fear, Arachnophobia
- Being tested
- online psychoeducation video + modeled exposure, live psychoeducation video + modeled exposure, group exposure, mental retrieval cue
- Medical subject headings
- Arachnophobia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
online psychoeducation video + modeled exposureBehavioural
Participants will watch a short psychoeducation video online. This will be followed by a modeled exposure online. In this modeled exposure participants watch a film of an exposure treatment (about 45min) conducted with one participant and the therapist. The exposure training consists of five exposure steps (step 1: describing the spider, step 2: catching the spider with a glass, step 3: describing the spider, step 4: touching the spider with the dominant index finger, step 5: letting the spider walk on the participant hands; the following steps have to be repeated up to four times: 2,4,5).
live psychoeducation video + modeled exposureBehavioural
Participants will watch a short psychoeducation video. This will be followed by a live modeled exposure. In this modeled exposure participants watch an exposure treatment (about 45min) conducted live with one participant and the therapist. The exposure training consists of five exposure steps (step 1: describing the spider, step 2: catching the spider with a glass, step 3: describing the spider, step 4: touching the spider with the dominant index finger, step 5: letting the spider walk on the participant hands; the following steps have to be repeated up to four times: 2,4,5).
group exposureBehavioural
Exposure training in the group is conducted live (1 spider per participant, one therapist and co-trainers). In this group exposure participants complete exposure training (about 45 min) with five exposure steps (step 1: describing the spider, step 2: catching the spider with a glass, step 3: describing the spider, step 4: touching the spider with the dominant index finger, step 5: letting the spider walk on the participant hands; the following steps have to be repeated up to three times: 2,4,5).
mental retrieval cueBehavioural
Before the group exposure, participants are asked to remember the modeled exposure they had observed the day before. Therefore, the participants are asked to recall the location where they have been during the modeled exposure and the reaction of the patient during the exposure (e.g., fear decline).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| online modeled exposure + mental retrieval cue group exposure | Experimental | online modeled exposure training followed by group exposure training, including mental retrieval cue with five standardized exposure steps Receives: Behavioral: online psychoeducation video + modeled exposure; Behavioral: group exposure; Behavioral: mental retrieval cue |
| live modeled exposure + mental retrieval cue group exposure | Active comparator | live modeled exposure training followed by group exposure training, including mental retrieval cue with five standardized exposure steps Receives: Behavioral: live psychoeducation video + modeled exposure; Behavioral: group exposure; Behavioral: mental retrieval cue |
| online modeled exposure + standardized group exposure | Active comparator | online modeled exposure training followed by group exposure training with five standardized exposure steps Receives: Behavioral: online psychoeducation video + modeled exposure; Behavioral: group exposure |
| live modeled exposure + standardized group exposure | Active comparator | live modeled exposure training followed by group exposure training with five standardized exposure steps Receives: Behavioral: live psychoeducation video + modeled exposure; Behavioral: group exposure |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ)
31-Item true/false questionnaire assessing symptoms of arachnophobia. Scores range from 0 to 31, with greater scores representing greater subjective fear of spiders, where lower scores reflect low subjective fear of spiders
Measured: Change from baseline to immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure), immediately post treatment 2 (group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure - post treatment 2)
Change in avoidance behavior (online virtual Behavioral Approach Task, vBATon)
Scores range from 0 ("participant refuses entering the room with the spider") to 12 ("participant holds the spider for at least 20 seconds")
Measured: Change from baseline to immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure), immediately post treatment 2 (group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure - post treatment 2)
Change in spider fear: Spider Anxiety Questionnaire (FSQ/SAF)
14-item questionnaire on a 7-point Likert-Scale (0 = "I don´t agree at all"; 6 = "I completely agree") to assess symptoms of arachnophobia. Total score can range from 0 to 98 Greater scores representing worse symptom severity of arachnophobia
Measured: Change from baseline to immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure), immediately post treatment 2 (group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure - post treatment 2)
Secondary outcomes (3)
Change in spider phobia belief questionnaire (SBQ)
Assessment of spider phobia dysfunctional beliefs; 48 items on a scale from 0% ("no approval") to 100% ("full approval"); higher scores indicate more dysfunctional beliefs about the danger of spiders and own coping abilities regarding spiders
Measured: Change from baseline to immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure), immediately post treatment 2 (group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure -- post treatment 2)
Change in Spider Anxiety Screening (SAS)
Assessment of the four criteria for specific phobia (DSM-IV) with 4 items on a scale from 0 ("does not apply at all") to 6 ("fully applies"), Total score range: 0 to 24, higher scores indicating worse severity of symptoms of arachnophobia
Measured: Change from baseline to immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure), immediately post treatment 2 (group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure- post treatment 2)
Global success rating (GSR)
Self-report measure of subjective state changes on a 7-likert scale from 1 ("much worse") to 7 ("much better")
Measured: Change from immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure) to immediately post-treatment 2 (after group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure- post treatment 2)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Dec 2023
- Study start11 Dec 2023
- Primary completion5 Sep 2025
- Study completion5 Sep 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Spider FearStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 78 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Philipps University Marburg
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Christiane A. Melzig, PhD, Principal investigator, Philipps University MarburgJana Gessner, M.Sc., Principal investigator, Philipps University Marburg
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06182709
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- OMEX_SPIDER
- Acronym
- OMEX
- Status last verified
- Sep 2025
- First submitted
- 8 Dec 2023
- Last updated
- 2 Oct 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Craske MG, Treanor M, Conway CC, Zbozinek T, Vervliet B. Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach. Behav Res Ther. 2014 Jul;58:10-23. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.04.006. Epub 2014 May 9.
PubMed 24864005Golkar A, Selbing I, Flygare O, Ohman A, Olsson A. Other people as means to a safe end: vicarious extinction blocks the return of learned fear. Psychol Sci. 2013 Nov 1;24(11):2182-90. doi: 10.1177/0956797613489890. Epub 2013 Sep 10.
PubMed 24022651Ost LG, Ferebee I, Furmark T. One-session group therapy of spider phobia: direct versus indirect treatments. Behav Res Ther. 1997 Aug;35(8):721-32. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00028-4.
PubMed 9256515Mystkowski JL, Craske MG, Echiverri AM, Labus JS. Mental reinstatement of context and return of fear in spider-fearful participants. Behav Ther. 2006 Mar;37(1):49-60. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2005.04.001. Epub 2006 Feb 24.
PubMed 16942960Olsson A, Phelps EA. Social learning of fear. Nat Neurosci. 2007 Sep;10(9):1095-102. doi: 10.1038/nn1968.
PubMed 17726475Wannemueller A, Appelbaum D, Kuppers M, Matten A, Teismann T, Adolph D, Margraf J. Large Group Exposure Treatment: a Feasibility Study in Highly Spider Fearful Individuals. Front Psychol. 2016 Aug 9;7:1183. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01183. eCollection 2016.
PubMed 27555830
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Oct 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Group Exposure Treatment: Feasibility of an Online Modeled Exposure in Spider Fearful Individuals
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06182709
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- OMEX / OMEX_SPIDER
- Conditions
- Spider Fear, Arachnophobia
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 78 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Philipps University MarburgUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 11 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 Sep 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The effectiveness of an optimized group exposure treatment is investigated in spider-fearful individuals. Participants will undergo an optimized standardized exposure treatment. After receiving information about the treatment and the phobic stimulus (spider) through a psychoeducation video, participants will observe an exposure treatment of another fearful person, either live or by watching a movie of an exposure treatment online. Subsequently, participants will undergo a live in vivo exposure treatment conducted in a group setting. The effectiveness of the treatment is measured by symptom improvement according to online behavioral avoidance tests and subjective ratings immediately after training and one week later.
Detailed description
The treatment of various anxiety disorders often involves exposure therapy. However, a considerable number of patients do not benefit or experience a resurgence of anxiety following successful treatment. Vicarious safety learning (i.e., modeled exposure) presents a promising avenue to improve therapeutic outcome. Previous evidence indicates that vicarious safety learning can diminish previously acquired fear associations, thereby reducing behavioral avoidance. While single-session interventions have implemented modeled exposure, specific mechanisms of observational learning have not been extensively investigated. Due to high dropout rates in specific phobias, modeled exposure could be utilized as an additional treatment method, potentially yielding better outcomes trough additional learning experience.
This study aims to investigate the applicability of observational learning and its sustainability through mental retrieval cues. Specifically, the study is going to assess the feasibility of modeled exposure conveyed either live or online via video, offering a practical approach within a stepped-care framework. The modeled exposure treatment will be followed by a group exposure treatment to assess the influence of modeled exposure in spider-fearful individuals.
Physically healthy spider-fearful individuals will be either treated with an online or live modeled standardized exposure followed by a group exposure treatment. Half of the participants will receive a mental retrieval cue before the group exposure treatment one day after the modeled exposure treatment. The research aims to determine if long-term reduction of spider fear is achievable through online modeled exposure via video compared to in-person modeled exposure.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| online modeled exposure + mental retrieval cue group exposure | Experimental | Behavioral: online psychoeducation video + modeled exposure, Behavioral: group exposure, Behavioral: mental retrieval cueonline modeled exposure training followed by group exposure training, including mental retrieval cue with five standardized exposure steps |
| live modeled exposure + mental retrieval cue group exposure | Active comparator | Behavioral: live psychoeducation video + modeled exposure, Behavioral: group exposure, Behavioral: mental retrieval cuelive modeled exposure training followed by group exposure training, including mental retrieval cue with five standardized exposure steps |
| online modeled exposure + standardized group exposure | Active comparator | Behavioral: online psychoeducation video + modeled exposure, Behavioral: group exposureonline modeled exposure training followed by group exposure training with five standardized exposure steps |
| live modeled exposure + standardized group exposure | Active comparator | Behavioral: live psychoeducation video + modeled exposure, Behavioral: group exposurelive modeled exposure training followed by group exposure training with five standardized exposure steps |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Elevated score on Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ) >= 17
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Severe allergies to bees/spiders/insects
- Current psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment
- Past psychotherapeutic/psychiatric treatment due to anxiety problems
- Current or past psychotic symptoms
- Current suicidal intent
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| online psychoeducation video + modeled exposureParticipants will watch a short psychoeducation video online. This will be followed by a modeled exposure online. In this modeled exposure participants watch a film of an exposure treatment (about 45min) conducted with one participant and the therapist. The exposure training consists of five exposure steps (step 1: describing the spider, step 2: catching the spider with a glass, step 3: describing the spider, step 4: touching the spider with the dominant index finger, step 5: letting the spider walk on the participant hands; the following steps have to be repeated up to four times: 2,4,5). | Behavioural | online modeled exposure + mental retrieval cue group exposure, online modeled exposure + standardized group exposure |
| live psychoeducation video + modeled exposureParticipants will watch a short psychoeducation video. This will be followed by a live modeled exposure. In this modeled exposure participants watch an exposure treatment (about 45min) conducted live with one participant and the therapist. The exposure training consists of five exposure steps (step 1: describing the spider, step 2: catching the spider with a glass, step 3: describing the spider, step 4: touching the spider with the dominant index finger, step 5: letting the spider walk on the participant hands; the following steps have to be repeated up to four times: 2,4,5). | Behavioural | live modeled exposure + mental retrieval cue group exposure, live modeled exposure + standardized group exposure |
| group exposureExposure training in the group is conducted live (1 spider per participant, one therapist and co-trainers). In this group exposure participants complete exposure training (about 45 min) with five exposure steps (step 1: describing the spider, step 2: catching the spider with a glass, step 3: describing the spider, step 4: touching the spider with the dominant index finger, step 5: letting the spider walk on the participant hands; the following steps have to be repeated up to three times: 2,4,5). | Behavioural | live modeled exposure + mental retrieval cue group exposure, live modeled exposure + standardized group exposure, online modeled exposure + mental retrieval cue group exposure, online modeled exposure + standardized group exposure |
| mental retrieval cueBefore the group exposure, participants are asked to remember the modeled exposure they had observed the day before. Therefore, the participants are asked to recall the location where they have been during the modeled exposure and the reaction of the patient during the exposure (e.g., fear decline). | Behavioural | live modeled exposure + mental retrieval cue group exposure, online modeled exposure + mental retrieval cue group exposure |
Primary outcome
Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ)
Time frame: Change from baseline to immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure), immediately post treatment 2 (group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure - post treatment 2)
31-Item true/false questionnaire assessing symptoms of arachnophobia. Scores range from 0 to 31, with greater scores representing greater subjective fear of spiders, where lower scores reflect low subjective fear of spiders
Change in avoidance behavior (online virtual Behavioral Approach Task, vBATon)
Time frame: Change from baseline to immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure), immediately post treatment 2 (group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure - post treatment 2)
Scores range from 0 ("participant refuses entering the room with the spider") to 12 ("participant holds the spider for at least 20 seconds")
Change in spider fear: Spider Anxiety Questionnaire (FSQ/SAF)
Time frame: Change from baseline to immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure), immediately post treatment 2 (group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure - post treatment 2)
14-item questionnaire on a 7-point Likert-Scale (0 = "I don´t agree at all"; 6 = "I completely agree") to assess symptoms of arachnophobia. Total score can range from 0 to 98 Greater scores representing worse symptom severity of arachnophobia
3 secondary outcomes
Change in spider phobia belief questionnaire (SBQ)
Time frame: Change from baseline to immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure), immediately post treatment 2 (group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure -- post treatment 2)
Change in Spider Anxiety Screening (SAS)
Time frame: Change from baseline to immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure), immediately post treatment 2 (group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure- post treatment 2)
Global success rating (GSR)
Time frame: Change from immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure) to immediately post-treatment 2 (after group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure- post treatment 2)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Oct 2025.
- Background: PubMed 24864005Craske MG, Treanor M, Conway CC, Zbozinek T, Vervliet B. Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach. Behav Res Ther. 2014 Jul;58:10-23. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.04.006. Epub 2014 May 9.
- Background: PubMed 24022651Golkar A, Selbing I, Flygare O, Ohman A, Olsson A. Other people as means to a safe end: vicarious extinction blocks the return of learned fear. Psychol Sci. 2013 Nov 1;24(11):2182-90. doi: 10.1177/0956797613489890. Epub 2013 Sep 10.
- Background: PubMed 9256515Ost LG, Ferebee I, Furmark T. One-session group therapy of spider phobia: direct versus indirect treatments. Behav Res Ther. 1997 Aug;35(8):721-32. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00028-4.
- Background: PubMed 16942960Mystkowski JL, Craske MG, Echiverri AM, Labus JS. Mental reinstatement of context and return of fear in spider-fearful participants. Behav Ther. 2006 Mar;37(1):49-60. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2005.04.001. Epub 2006 Feb 24.
- Background: PubMed 17726475Olsson A, Phelps EA. Social learning of fear. Nat Neurosci. 2007 Sep;10(9):1095-102. doi: 10.1038/nn1968.
- Background: PubMed 27555830Wannemueller A, Appelbaum D, Kuppers M, Matten A, Teismann T, Adolph D, Margraf J. Large Group Exposure Treatment: a Feasibility Study in Highly Spider Fearful Individuals. Front Psychol. 2016 Aug 9;7:1183. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01183. eCollection 2016.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Christiane A. Melzig, PhD principal investigator
Philipps University Marburg
Jana Gessner, M.Sc. principal investigator
Philipps University Marburg
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing online psychoeducation video + modeled exposure, live psychoeducation video + modeled exposure and group exposure in people with Spider Fear and Arachnophobia, run by Philipps University Marburg at 1 site in Germany.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Oct 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Germany. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ) (time frame: Change from baseline to immediately post treatment 1 (after modeled exposure), immediately post treatment 2 (group exposure) and follow-up (7 days after group exposure - post treatment 2)). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06182709, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Oct 2025.