Educational ProblemsNCT06184022
Augmented Reality Serious Game Design for Promoting Children's Science Education Cognition
A study testing Augmented reality serious game design for promoting children's science education cognition: in people with Educational Problems and Augmented Reality, run by Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
Background：The process of constructing knowledge in the context of children's science education plays a significant role in fostering the development of early scientific literacy. Nevertheless, children sometimes struggle to comprehend scientific knowledge due to the presence of abstract notions. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 6 to 8 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Educational Problems, Augmented Reality, Serious Game
- What is being tested?
- Augmented reality serious game design for promoting children's science education cognition:
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 18 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 1 May 2022to 1 Sep 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 6 to 8 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- native Chinese children (6-8 years old)
- Clear cognition
Who cannot join
- Poor listening and comprehension abilities
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Augmented Reality Serious Game Design for Promoting Children's Science Education Cognition: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Background：The process of constructing knowledge in the context of children's science education plays a significant role in fostering the development of early scientific literacy. Nevertheless, children sometimes struggle to comprehend scientific knowledge due to the presence of abstract notions.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of augmented reality (AR) games as a teaching tool for enhancing children's understanding of optical science education.
Methods: 36 healthy children between the ages of 6 and 8 years old were included in this study. Individuals were randomly divided into an intervention group (n=18) and a control group (n=18). Interventions, namely a 20-minute AR science education including three game lesson modules, while the control group was asked to learn 20-minute same knowledge with non-AR science learning app. POE (predict-observe-explain) test of 3 games including animal vision, color-light mixing and light refraction were conducted for all participants before and after the experiment. Also, intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) test including interest-enjoyment (INT-ENJ), perceived competence (COMP), effort-importance (EFF-IMP), and tension-pressure (TEN-PRESS) were conducted for children after the experiment.
Read the detailed description
Guardians of children with independent mobility provided informed written consent for their participation in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups using a randomization list maintained by members of the study group uninvolved in any other aspect of the research. Participants' guardians received and opened opaque, sealed envelopes containing group assignments following the initial evaluation. The evaluator in charge of assessing the results of the AR scientific education course had no access to participant information or group assignment.
Sample size calculations were performed using PASS based on the POE test scores from the pre-experiment. Group sample sizes of 18 and 18 achieve 90.118% power to reject the null hypothesis of equal means when the population mean difference is μ1 - μ2 = 3.2- 1.0 = 2.2 with a standard deviation (SD) for two groups of 2.0 and 1.9, and with a significance level (a) of 0.050 using a bilateral, two-sample, equal-variance t-test.
This experiment was a randomized controlled trial, and the participants were randomly separated into the experimental group and the control group. The random numbers were generated by applying SAS software analysis system on computer simulation, and no experimental group was allowed to be selected at random. Every child was tested in the company of a guardian and two experimentalists.
The independent variable was the type of game ("Light and Color", a light science educational product and AR game we designed). The independent variable was the type of game ("Light and Color", a light science educational product and AR game that we created). The dependent variables for both experimental and control group students were the difference between the pre- and post-test results of the POE test and the children's motivation to play the game. To create control variables for the experiment, both games were based on animal vision, light transmission, and color-light mixing, and neither game involved the teacher. In addition, there were no significant gender or age differences between the two student groups.
- Conditions
- Educational Problems, Augmented Reality, Serious Game
- Being tested
- Augmented reality serious game design for promoting children's science education cognition:
- Keywords
- augmented reality, serious game, science education
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Augmented reality serious game design for promoting children's science education cognition:Combination product
Also called AR serious game
The experimental group utilized the three game lesson modules of the AR science education app designed for this study, including "Animals vision," " Light transmission," and "Color-Light mixing".
The experimental group's total learning time was limited to 20 minutes, the testing process was completed under the supervision of the instructor and the experimenter, and the children's behavioral characteristics were recorded. During the experiment, the participants were not disturbed in any way; researchers only intervened when they faced difficulties or requested assistance. The participants were given a 15-minute respite at the conclusion of the trial to take another POE test. Before and after the intervention, each participant's performance on the game was recorded.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Augmented reality serious game | Experimental | Before the test started, the experimenter gave the basic information of the experiment to the participants. The participants were requested to complete a cognitive exam on the notion of light, and were asked to perform a POE test for each question. The experimental group utilized the three game lesson modules of the AR science education app designed for this study, including "Animals vision," " Light transmission," and "Color-Light mixing". On their initial encounter with the game, respondents were given around 10 minutes to comprehend its mechanics. The experimental group's total learning time was limited to 20 minutes, the testing process was completed under the supervision of the instructor and the experimenter. During the experiment, the participants were not disturbed in any way; researchers only intervened when they faced difficulties or requested assistance. The participants were given a 15-minute respite at the conclusion of the trial to take another POE test. Receives: Combination Product: Augmented reality serious game design for promoting children's science education cognition: |
| non-ar serious game | Active comparator | The control group completed the same three game courses for a maximum of 20 minutes using the non-AR app "Light and Color" after completing the pre-test.For the non-AR game we used "Light and Color" designed by Tinybop available in Appstore Tools for young artists and scientists. Both games have the same scientific educational content on optics (in fact, to experiment with control variables, we adopted the same scientific knowledge as in this non-AR app at the stage of designing the content), so it is possible to perform a POE test. The participants took a 15-minute break at the conclusion of the trial to complete another POE test and the IMI scale. Receives: Combination Product: Augmented reality serious game design for promoting children's science education cognition: |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
POE (predict-observe-explain) test
The POE (predict-observe-explain) test is commonly used in science classes and tries to expose students' expectations about certain events and the rationale for these predictions [19]. It is used to demonstrate scientific experiments to pupils and is advantageous for fostering children's critical thinking and assessing students' grasp of scientific topics. The investigator then displays the relevant physical events to the students using basic prop materials after requiring the students to independently determine the questionnaire's responses and their justifications. Finally, students were instructed to alter or supplement their explanations in light of the observations.
Measured: 30 minutes
Secondary outcomes (1)
Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI)
It was developed under game conditions with three subscales [22]: interest-enjoyment (INT-ENJ), perceived competence (COMP), and effort-importance (EFF-IMP) to assess the perceived levels of motivation, enjoyment, and perceived difficulty of the participants. To investigate the negative emotions of children using the AR, the study inserted questions from the original scale's tension-stress section
Measured: 30 minutes
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Dec 2023
- Study start1 May 2022
- Primary completion1 Jul 2022
- Study completion1 Sep 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Educational ProblemsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 18 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, zhudian, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Investigators
- Zhao Liu, Prof, Study director, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06184022
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Sjtu0009
- Status last verified
- Dec 2023
- First submitted
- 6 Dec 2023
- Last updated
- 28 Dec 2023
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: If necessary, the data can be obtained by contacting the author.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Dec 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Augmented Reality Serious Game Design for Promoting Children's Science Education Cognition: a Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06184022
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Sjtu0009
- Conditions
- Educational Problems, Augmented Reality, Serious Game
- Keywords
- augmented reality, serious game, science education
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 18 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 May 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jul 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Sep 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background：The process of constructing knowledge in the context of children's science education plays a significant role in fostering the development of early scientific literacy. Nevertheless, children sometimes struggle to comprehend scientific knowledge due to the presence of abstract notions.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of augmented reality (AR) games as a teaching tool for enhancing children's understanding of optical science education.
Methods: 36 healthy children between the ages of 6 and 8 years old were included in this study. Individuals were randomly divided into an intervention group (n=18) and a control group (n=18). Interventions, namely a 20-minute AR science education including three game lesson modules, while the control group was asked to learn 20-minute same knowledge with non-AR science learning app. POE (predict-observe-explain) test of 3 games including animal vision, color-light mixing and light refraction were conducted for all participants before and after the experiment. Also, intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) test including interest-enjoyment (INT-ENJ), perceived competence (COMP), effort-importance (EFF-IMP), and tension-pressure (TEN-PRESS) were conducted for children after the experiment.
Detailed description
Guardians of children with independent mobility provided informed written consent for their participation in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups using a randomization list maintained by members of the study group uninvolved in any other aspect of the research. Participants' guardians received and opened opaque, sealed envelopes containing group assignments following the initial evaluation. The evaluator in charge of assessing the results of the AR scientific education course had no access to participant information or group assignment.
Sample size calculations were performed using PASS based on the POE test scores from the pre-experiment. Group sample sizes of 18 and 18 achieve 90.118% power to reject the null hypothesis of equal means when the population mean difference is μ1 - μ2 = 3.2- 1.0 = 2.2 with a standard deviation (SD) for two groups of 2.0 and 1.9, and with a significance level (a) of 0.050 using a bilateral, two-sample, equal-variance t-test.
This experiment was a randomized controlled trial, and the participants were randomly separated into the experimental group and the control group. The random numbers were generated by applying SAS software analysis system on computer simulation, and no experimental group was allowed to be selected at random. Every child was tested in the company of a guardian and two experimentalists.
The independent variable was the type of game ("Light and Color", a light science educational product and AR game we designed). The independent variable was the type of game ("Light and Color", a light science educational product and AR game that we created). The dependent variables for both experimental and control group students were the difference between the pre- and post-test results of the POE test and the children's motivation to play the game. To create control variables for the experiment, both games were based on animal vision, light transmission, and color-light mixing, and neither game involved the teacher. In addition, there were no significant gender or age differences between the two student groups.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Augmented reality serious game | Experimental | Combination Product: Augmented reality serious game design for promoting children's science education cognition:Before the test started, the experimenter gave the basic information of the experiment to the participants. The participants were requested to complete a cognitive exam on the notion of light, and were asked to perform a POE test for each question. The experimental group utilized the three game lesson modules of the AR science education app designed for this study, including "Animals vision," " Light transmission," and "Color-Light mixing". On their initial encounter with the game, respondents were given around 10 minutes to comprehend its mechanics. The experimental group's total learning time was limited to 20 minutes, the testing process was completed under the supervision of the instructor and the experimenter. During the experiment, the participants were not disturbed in any way; researchers only intervened when they faced difficulties or requested assistance. The participants were given a 15-minute respite at the conclusion of the trial to take another POE test. |
| non-ar serious game | Active comparator | Combination Product: Augmented reality serious game design for promoting children's science education cognition:The control group completed the same three game courses for a maximum of 20 minutes using the non-AR app "Light and Color" after completing the pre-test.For the non-AR game we used "Light and Color" designed by Tinybop available in Appstore Tools for young artists and scientists. Both games have the same scientific educational content on optics (in fact, to experiment with control variables, we adopted the same scientific knowledge as in this non-AR app at the stage of designing the content), so it is possible to perform a POE test. The participants took a 15-minute break at the conclusion of the trial to complete another POE test and the IMI scale. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 6 to 8 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- native Chinese children (6-8 years old)
- Clear cognition
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Poor listening and comprehension abilities
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Augmented reality serious game design for promoting children's science education cognition:Also: AR serious gameThe experimental group utilized the three game lesson modules of the AR science education app designed for this study, including "Animals vision," " Light transmission," and "Color-Light mixing". The experimental group's total learning time was limited to 20 minutes, the testing process was completed under the supervision of the instructor and the experimenter, and the children's behavioral characteristics were recorded. During the experiment, the participants were not disturbed in any way; researchers only intervened when they faced difficulties or requested assistance. The participants were given a 15-minute respite at the conclusion of the trial to take another POE test. Before and after the intervention, each participant's performance on the game was recorded. | Combination product | Augmented reality serious game, non-ar serious game |
Primary outcome
POE (predict-observe-explain) test
Time frame: 30 minutes
The POE (predict-observe-explain) test is commonly used in science classes and tries to expose students' expectations about certain events and the rationale for these predictions [19]. It is used to demonstrate scientific experiments to pupils and is advantageous for fostering children's critical thinking and assessing students' grasp of scientific topics. The investigator then displays the relevant physical events to the students using basic prop materials after requiring the students to independently determine the questionnaire's responses and their justifications. Finally, students were instructed to alter or supplement their explanations in light of the observations.
1 secondary outcome
Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI)
Time frame: 30 minutes
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Dec 2023.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. If necessary, the data can be obtained by contacting the author.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Zhao Liu, Prof study director
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Augmented reality serious game design for promoting children's science education cognition: in people with Educational Problems and Augmented Reality, run by Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Dec 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
POE (predict-observe-explain) test (time frame: 30 minutes). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Dec 2023.