Peripheral Nerve InjuryNCT06209632
Mirror Therapy Combined With Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation for Peripheral Nerve Injury
A study testing mirror therapy and conventional physiotherapy in people with Peripheral Nerve Injury, run by National Taiwan University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
The goal of this trial is to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation on motor recovery and neuroplasticity in patients with peripheral nerve injury. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Peripheral Nerve Injury
- What is being tested?
- mirror therapy and conventional physiotherapy
- Type of treatment
- Medical device, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 7 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 29 Mar 2024to 30 Nov 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- newly diagnosed median or ulnar nerve transection injury of the forearm in the past 6 months
- sufficient communication in the Chinese language
- being able to follow instructions
- the presence of target muscle denervation (e.g. muscle atrophy, inability to actively contract)
- less than 10% surface EMG activity during pinch evaluation compared to the unaffected side
Who cannot join
- had central nervous disease
- had a recent (1 year) history of nerve entrapment syndrome
- had a history of latent neuropathy, such as diabetes or dialysis
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Mirror Therapy Combined With Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation on Functional Recovery and Neuroplasticity in Patients With Peripheral Nerve Injury
The goal of this trial is to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation on motor recovery and neuroplasticity in patients with peripheral nerve injury. The main questions it aims to answer are Question 1: To compare corticomuscular coherence between the groups of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, sham mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, and control group.
Question 2: To compare sensorimotor recovery between the groups of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, sham mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, and control group.
Read more
Question 3: To evaluate the effects of each intervention on corticomuscular coherence and sensorimotor recovery 12 weeks post-intervention.
Participants will be asked to exercise their affected hand together with the unaffected hand while receiving contralaterally controlled electrical stimulation in front of the mirror or sham mirror. Researchers will compare the effects of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation on corticomuscular coherence and sensorimotor recovery with the other groups.
Read the detailed description
The goal of this trial is to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation on motor recovery and neuroplasticity in patients with peripheral nerve injury. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Question 1: To compare corticomuscular coherence between the groups of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, sham mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, and control group.
Question 2: To compare sensorimotor recovery between the groups of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, sham mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, and control group.
Question 3: To evaluate the effects of each intervention on corticomuscular coherence and sensorimotor recovery 12 weeks post-intervention.
Eligible participants will be randomized into three groups:
MT and CCFES group: mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation Sham MT and CCFES group: Sham mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation Control group: conventional physiotherapy.
Each participant will receive conventional physiotherapy for 50 minutes daily, twice a week for 12 weeks. Conventional physiotherapy includes scar management, joint range of motion exercise, strengthening, stretching, and functional training. Participants in the MT and CCFES group or Sham MT and CCFES group will receive 30 minutes daily, twice a week of the intervention for 12 weeks in addition to the conventional physiotherapy. In the MT and CCFES group, the participants will sit in front of the mirror and watch the mirror reflection of the unaffected hands. At the same time, contralaterally controlled electrical stimulation will be conducted to make the affected hands move with the unaffected hands. The participants in the Sham MT and CCFES group will sit in front of the mirror without mirror reflection, but doing the exercise with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation. All participants will receive the evaluations at baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention. The evaluations include:
Electroencephalography of α and β bands from the sensorimotor cortices will be recorded.
Electromyography will be performed during maximum isometric pinch or lateral pinch strength measurements.
Maximum isometric grip strength, tip pinch strength, lateral pinch strength, sensation tests, and upper extremity function will be measured.
- Conditions
- Peripheral Nerve Injury
- Being tested
- mirror therapy, contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, conventional physiotherapy
- Keywords
- mirror therapy, electrical stimulation, neuroplasticity, peripheral nerve injury
- Medical subject headings
- Peripheral Nerve Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
mirror therapyBehavioural
30 minutes of intervention, twice a week, and a total of 12 weeks
contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulationDevice
30 minutes of intervention, twice a week, and a total of 12 weeks
conventional physiotherapyBehavioural
50 minutes of intervention, twice a week, and a total of 12 weeks
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| MT and CCFES group | Experimental | mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation to perform hand exercises Receives: Behavioral: mirror therapy; Device: contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation; Behavioral: conventional physiotherapy |
| Sham MT and CCFES group | Sham comparator | sham mirror therapy with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation to perform hand exercises Receives: Device: contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation; Behavioral: conventional physiotherapy |
| Control group | Active comparator | conventional physiotherapy Receives: Behavioral: conventional physiotherapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
change from baseline in corticomuscular coherence at week 12
coherence will be used to analyze the interaction between the electroencephalogram activation and electromyography activation
Measured: baseline, week 12
Secondary outcomes (5)
change from baseline in grip strength at week 12
average grip strength measured for 3 times in killograms
Measured: baseline, week 12
change from baseline in pinch strength at week 12
average lateral pinch and palmar pinch measured for 3 times in killograms
Measured: baseline, week 12
change from baseline in sensation on Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test at week 12
force in grams
Measured: baseline, week 12
change from baseline in function on Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand outcome questionnaire at week 12
A total scale from 1 to 100. Higher scores indicate greater disability.
Measured: baseline, week 12
change from baseline in maximum voluntary isometric contraction in surface EMG at week 12
muscle activities of target muscles measured during pinch strength for 3 times in percentage
Measured: baseline, week 12
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Jan 2024
- Study start29 Mar 2024
- Primary completion30 Nov 2025
- Study completion30 Nov 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Peripheral Nerve InjuryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Taiwan University HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 7 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Yueh-Hsia Chen, PhD, Principal investigator, National Taiwan University, School of Medicine
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06209632
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 202309076RINA
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 3 Jan 2024
- Last updated
- 14 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Rizzo M, Petrini L, Del Percio C, Lopez S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Babiloni C. Mirror visual feedback during unilateral finger movements is related to the desynchronization of cortical electroencephalographic somatomotor alpha rhythms. Psychophysiology. 2022 Dec;59(12):e14116. doi: 10.1111/psyp.14116. Epub 2022 Jun 3.
PubMed 35657095Bello UM, Kranz GS, Winser SJ, Chan CCH. Neural Processes Underlying Mirror-Induced Visual Illusion: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Jul 31;14:276. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00276. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 32848663Deconinck FJ, Smorenburg AR, Benham A, Ledebt A, Feltham MG, Savelsbergh GJ. Reflections on mirror therapy: a systematic review of the effect of mirror visual feedback on the brain. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 May;29(4):349-61. doi: 10.1177/1545968314546134. Epub 2014 Aug 26.
PubMed 25160567Cengiz B, Vuralli D, Zinnuroglu M, Bayer G, Golmohammadzadeh H, Gunendi Z, Turgut AE, Irfanoglu B, Arikan KB. Analysis of mirror neuron system activation during action observation alone and action observation with motor imagery tasks. Exp Brain Res. 2018 Feb;236(2):497-503. doi: 10.1007/s00221-017-5147-5. Epub 2017 Dec 11.
PubMed 29230518Zhang JJQ, Fong KNK, Welage N, Liu KPY. The Activation of the Mirror Neuron System during Action Observation and Action Execution with Mirror Visual Feedback in Stroke: A Systematic Review. Neural Plast. 2018 Apr 24;2018:2321045. doi: 10.1155/2018/2321045. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 29853839Gatti R, Rocca MA, Fumagalli S, Cattrysse E, Kerckhofs E, Falini A, Filippi M. The effect of action observation/execution on mirror neuron system recruitment: an fMRI study in healthy individuals. Brain Imaging Behav. 2017 Apr;11(2):565-576. doi: 10.1007/s11682-016-9536-3.
PubMed 27011016Wang J, Fritzsch C, Bernarding J, Holtze S, Mauritz KH, Brunetti M, Dohle C. A comparison of neural mechanisms in mirror therapy and movement observation therapy. J Rehabil Med. 2013 Apr;45(4):410-3. doi: 10.2340/16501977-1127.
PubMed 23474778Chen YH, Siow TY, Wang JY, Lin SY, Chao YH. Greater Cortical Activation and Motor Recovery Following Mirror Therapy Immediately after Peripheral Nerve Repair of the Forearm. Neuroscience. 2022 Jan 15;481:123-133. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.048. Epub 2021 Dec 5.
PubMed 34875363Thieme H, Morkisch N, Mehrholz J, Pohl M, Behrens J, Borgetto B, Dohle C. Mirror therapy for improving motor function after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 11;7(7):CD008449. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008449.pub3.
PubMed 29993119Willand MP, Rosa E, Michalski B, Zhang JJ, Gordon T, Fahnestock M, Borschel GH. Electrical muscle stimulation elevates intramuscular BDNF and GDNF mRNA following peripheral nerve injury and repair in rats. Neuroscience. 2016 Oct 15;334:93-104. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.040. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
PubMed 27476437Saavedra-Garcia A, Moral-Munoz JA, Lucena-Anton D. Mirror therapy simultaneously combined with electrical stimulation for upper limb motor function recovery after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rehabil. 2021 Jan;35(1):39-50. doi: 10.1177/0269215520951935. Epub 2020 Aug 24.
PubMed 32830512Zhang Y, Zhang X, Cheng C, Huang S, Hua Y, Hu J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Yang Y, Liu Y, Jia J, Gou P, Zhang P, Zhou F, Wei X, Bai Y. Mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation for the upper limb motor function after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2024 Jun;46(12):2528-2534. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2225878. Epub 2023 Jun 21.
PubMed 37341447Loh MS, Kuan YC, Wu CW, Liao CD, Hong JP, Chen HC. Upper Extremity Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation Versus Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Post-Stroke Individuals: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2022 Jul;36(7):472-482. doi: 10.1177/15459683221092647. Epub 2022 May 16.
PubMed 35574940Huang JJ, Pei YC, Chen YY, Tseng SS, Hung JW. Bilateral Sensorimotor Cortical Communication Modulated by Multiple Hand Training in Stroke Participants: A Single Training Session Pilot Study. Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Nov 24;9(12):727. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9120727.
PubMed 36550934
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Mirror Therapy Combined With Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation on Functional Recovery and Neuroplasticity in Patients With Peripheral Nerve Injury
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06209632
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 202309076RINA
- Conditions
- Peripheral Nerve Injury
- Keywords
- mirror therapy, electrical stimulation, neuroplasticity, peripheral nerve injury
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 7 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 29 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Nov 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this trial is to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation on motor recovery and neuroplasticity in patients with peripheral nerve injury. The main questions it aims to answer are Question 1: To compare corticomuscular coherence between the groups of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, sham mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, and control group.
Question 2: To compare sensorimotor recovery between the groups of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, sham mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, and control group.
Question 3: To evaluate the effects of each intervention on corticomuscular coherence and sensorimotor recovery 12 weeks post-intervention.
Participants will be asked to exercise their affected hand together with the unaffected hand while receiving contralaterally controlled electrical stimulation in front of the mirror or sham mirror. Researchers will compare the effects of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation on corticomuscular coherence and sensorimotor recovery with the other groups.
Detailed description
The goal of this trial is to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation on motor recovery and neuroplasticity in patients with peripheral nerve injury. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Question 1: To compare corticomuscular coherence between the groups of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, sham mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, and control group.
Question 2: To compare sensorimotor recovery between the groups of mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, sham mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, and control group.
Question 3: To evaluate the effects of each intervention on corticomuscular coherence and sensorimotor recovery 12 weeks post-intervention.
Eligible participants will be randomized into three groups:
MT and CCFES group: mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation Sham MT and CCFES group: Sham mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation Control group: conventional physiotherapy.
Each participant will receive conventional physiotherapy for 50 minutes daily, twice a week for 12 weeks. Conventional physiotherapy includes scar management, joint range of motion exercise, strengthening, stretching, and functional training. Participants in the MT and CCFES group or Sham MT and CCFES group will receive 30 minutes daily, twice a week of the intervention for 12 weeks in addition to the conventional physiotherapy. In the MT and CCFES group, the participants will sit in front of the mirror and watch the mirror reflection of the unaffected hands. At the same time, contralaterally controlled electrical stimulation will be conducted to make the affected hands move with the unaffected hands. The participants in the Sham MT and CCFES group will sit in front of the mirror without mirror reflection, but doing the exercise with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation. All participants will receive the evaluations at baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention. The evaluations include:
Electroencephalography of α and β bands from the sensorimotor cortices will be recorded.
Electromyography will be performed during maximum isometric pinch or lateral pinch strength measurements.
Maximum isometric grip strength, tip pinch strength, lateral pinch strength, sensation tests, and upper extremity function will be measured.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| MT and CCFES group | Experimental | Behavioral: mirror therapy, Device: contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, Behavioral: conventional physiotherapymirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation to perform hand exercises |
| Sham MT and CCFES group | Sham comparator | Device: contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation, Behavioral: conventional physiotherapysham mirror therapy with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation to perform hand exercises |
| Control group | Active comparator | Behavioral: conventional physiotherapyconventional physiotherapy |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- newly diagnosed median or ulnar nerve transection injury of the forearm in the past 6 months
- sufficient communication in the Chinese language
- being able to follow instructions
- the presence of target muscle denervation (e.g. muscle atrophy, inability to actively contract)
- less than 10% surface EMG activity during pinch evaluation compared to the unaffected side
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- had central nervous disease
- had a recent (1 year) history of nerve entrapment syndrome
- had a history of latent neuropathy, such as diabetes or dialysis
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| mirror therapy30 minutes of intervention, twice a week, and a total of 12 weeks | Behavioural | MT and CCFES group |
| contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation30 minutes of intervention, twice a week, and a total of 12 weeks | Device | MT and CCFES group, Sham MT and CCFES group |
| conventional physiotherapy50 minutes of intervention, twice a week, and a total of 12 weeks | Behavioural | Control group, MT and CCFES group, Sham MT and CCFES group |
Primary outcome
change from baseline in corticomuscular coherence at week 12
Time frame: baseline, week 12
coherence will be used to analyze the interaction between the electroencephalogram activation and electromyography activation
5 secondary outcomes
change from baseline in grip strength at week 12
Time frame: baseline, week 12
change from baseline in pinch strength at week 12
Time frame: baseline, week 12
change from baseline in sensation on Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test at week 12
Time frame: baseline, week 12
change from baseline in function on Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand outcome questionnaire at week 12
Time frame: baseline, week 12
change from baseline in maximum voluntary isometric contraction in surface EMG at week 12
Time frame: baseline, week 12
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Jan 2026.
- Background: PubMed 35657095Rizzo M, Petrini L, Del Percio C, Lopez S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Babiloni C. Mirror visual feedback during unilateral finger movements is related to the desynchronization of cortical electroencephalographic somatomotor alpha rhythms. Psychophysiology. 2022 Dec;59(12):e14116. doi: 10.1111/psyp.14116. Epub 2022 Jun 3.
- Background: PubMed 32848663Bello UM, Kranz GS, Winser SJ, Chan CCH. Neural Processes Underlying Mirror-Induced Visual Illusion: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Jul 31;14:276. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00276. eCollection 2020.
- Background: PubMed 25160567Deconinck FJ, Smorenburg AR, Benham A, Ledebt A, Feltham MG, Savelsbergh GJ. Reflections on mirror therapy: a systematic review of the effect of mirror visual feedback on the brain. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 May;29(4):349-61. doi: 10.1177/1545968314546134. Epub 2014 Aug 26.
- Background: PubMed 29230518Cengiz B, Vuralli D, Zinnuroglu M, Bayer G, Golmohammadzadeh H, Gunendi Z, Turgut AE, Irfanoglu B, Arikan KB. Analysis of mirror neuron system activation during action observation alone and action observation with motor imagery tasks. Exp Brain Res. 2018 Feb;236(2):497-503. doi: 10.1007/s00221-017-5147-5. Epub 2017 Dec 11.
- Background: PubMed 29853839Zhang JJQ, Fong KNK, Welage N, Liu KPY. The Activation of the Mirror Neuron System during Action Observation and Action Execution with Mirror Visual Feedback in Stroke: A Systematic Review. Neural Plast. 2018 Apr 24;2018:2321045. doi: 10.1155/2018/2321045. eCollection 2018.
- Background: PubMed 27011016Gatti R, Rocca MA, Fumagalli S, Cattrysse E, Kerckhofs E, Falini A, Filippi M. The effect of action observation/execution on mirror neuron system recruitment: an fMRI study in healthy individuals. Brain Imaging Behav. 2017 Apr;11(2):565-576. doi: 10.1007/s11682-016-9536-3.
- Background: PubMed 23474778Wang J, Fritzsch C, Bernarding J, Holtze S, Mauritz KH, Brunetti M, Dohle C. A comparison of neural mechanisms in mirror therapy and movement observation therapy. J Rehabil Med. 2013 Apr;45(4):410-3. doi: 10.2340/16501977-1127.
- Background: PubMed 34875363Chen YH, Siow TY, Wang JY, Lin SY, Chao YH. Greater Cortical Activation and Motor Recovery Following Mirror Therapy Immediately after Peripheral Nerve Repair of the Forearm. Neuroscience. 2022 Jan 15;481:123-133. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.048. Epub 2021 Dec 5.
- Background: PubMed 29993119Thieme H, Morkisch N, Mehrholz J, Pohl M, Behrens J, Borgetto B, Dohle C. Mirror therapy for improving motor function after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 11;7(7):CD008449. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008449.pub3.
- Background: PubMed 27476437Willand MP, Rosa E, Michalski B, Zhang JJ, Gordon T, Fahnestock M, Borschel GH. Electrical muscle stimulation elevates intramuscular BDNF and GDNF mRNA following peripheral nerve injury and repair in rats. Neuroscience. 2016 Oct 15;334:93-104. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.040. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
- Background: PubMed 32830512Saavedra-Garcia A, Moral-Munoz JA, Lucena-Anton D. Mirror therapy simultaneously combined with electrical stimulation for upper limb motor function recovery after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rehabil. 2021 Jan;35(1):39-50. doi: 10.1177/0269215520951935. Epub 2020 Aug 24.
- Background: PubMed 37341447Zhang Y, Zhang X, Cheng C, Huang S, Hua Y, Hu J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Yang Y, Liu Y, Jia J, Gou P, Zhang P, Zhou F, Wei X, Bai Y. Mirror therapy combined with contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation for the upper limb motor function after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2024 Jun;46(12):2528-2534. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2225878. Epub 2023 Jun 21.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Yueh-Hsia Chen, PhD principal investigator
National Taiwan University, School of Medicine
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing mirror therapy and conventional physiotherapy in people with Peripheral Nerve Injury, run by National Taiwan University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
change from baseline in corticomuscular coherence at week 12 (time frame: baseline, week 12). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06209632, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Jan 2026.