Knee OsteoarthritisNCT06272825
Virtual Reality in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
A study testing Virtual reality and conventional rehabilitation in people with Knee Osteoarthritis and Pain, run by Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
One of the main challenges facing the therapist in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis is to motivate the patient throughout conventional therapy. As noted in a recent review, individuals are more interested in leisure activities rather than performing repetitive tasks during therapy. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 85 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Knee Osteoarthritis, Pain, Quality of Life
- What is being tested?
- Virtual reality and conventional rehabilitation
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 28 May 2024to 3 Nov 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 85 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Diagnosis of chronic (>3 months) knee osteoarthritis between the ages of 40-85
- Kellgren and Lawrence Score ≥ 2 on knee radiograph
- Visual Analogue scale result VAS 4-8
Who cannot join
- Orthopedic surgery performed on the lower extremity
- Cognitive dysfunction (Mini Mental Test Score <23)
- Having received any treatment for knee osteoarthritis in the last 6 months
- Following any ongoing exercise program (tai chi, pilates, yoga, fitness)
- History of ligament and ligament injury around the knee
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Medicine
Kırşehir, City Center, 40100
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Patients With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
One of the main challenges facing the therapist in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis is to motivate the patient throughout conventional therapy. As noted in a recent review, individuals are more interested in leisure activities rather than performing repetitive tasks during therapy. Virtual reality (VR) is a three-dimensional computer-aided programme built with a system that creates virtual reality movements and generates a high amount of visual and sensory feedback during exercise. As a result, virtual reality (VR) has been used in many medical indications and has been shown to promote adherence to treatment by increasing patient motivation.
Read the detailed description
Different VR systems have been shown to be effective in individuals with kinesiophobia as well as stroke patients. Virtual reality guided exercise is a proven method already used in stroke, Parkinson's, cerebral palsy rehabilitation, vestibular rehabilitation and orthopaedic rehabilitation. However, there is limited data on its effectiveness in patients with adhesive capsulitis. This randomized controlled study will contribute to the literature by investigating the effects of VR based exercises in individuals with AC
- Conditions
- Knee Osteoarthritis, Pain, Quality of Life
- Being tested
- Virtual reality, conventional rehabilitation
- Keywords
- Knee Osteoarthritis, virtual reaility, pain, Quality of Life
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoarthritis, Knee, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Virtual realityOther
VR-based exercise program will be applied in addition to the conventional rehabilitation program, 5 days a week for a total of 3 weeks.
conventional rehabilitationOther
The conventional exercise program will include 20 minutes(Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) TENS with conventional method, 4 minutes continue ultrason, 20 minutes hot pack.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | In addition to the conventional rehabilitation program at the hospital, virtual reality exercise will be applied in 15 sessions, 5 days a week. Receives: Other: Virtual reality; Other: conventional rehabilitation |
| Control group | Active comparator | The conventional rehabilitation program at the hospital will be implemented in 15 sessions, 5 days a week. Receives: Other: conventional rehabilitation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Visual Analog Scale
Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain assessment. VAS is a 10-point Likert scale. Patients are asked to indicate their pain level, with 0 points being no pain, 5 points being moderate pain, and 10 points being unbearable pain. Increased scores indicate higher pain levels.
Measured: Baseline
Visual Analog Scale
Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain assessment. VAS is a 10-point Likert scale. Patients are asked to indicate their pain level, with 0 points being no pain, 5 points being moderate pain, and 10 points being unbearable pain. Increased scores indicate higher pain levels.
Measured: 3th week
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)
WOMAC was used to assess disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The WOMAC assesses pain, stiffness and physical function and consists of 24 items. Total score is between 24 and 120 points. A low score indicates mild illness, a high score indicates severe illness.
Measured: Baseline
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)
WOMAC was used to assess disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The WOMAC assesses pain, stiffness and physical function and consists of 24 items. Total score is between 24 and 120 points. A low score indicates mild illness, a high score indicates severe illness.
Measured: 3th week
Biodex Balance System
The balance assessment of the participants will be made with the Biodex Balance Systems device. During the measurement, patients will try to stay balanced on the device whose platform stability is adjusted.
Measured: Baseline
Biodex Balance System
The balance assessment of the participants will be made with the Biodex Balance Systems device. During the measurement, patients will try to stay balanced on the device whose platform stability is adjusted.
Measured: 3th week
Secondary outcomes (2)
Short Form 36 (SF36)
In the study, quality of life will be evaluated using Short Form-36 (SF-36). SF-36 is not specific to any disease group. This scale consists of 36 questions; There are 8 subgroups: general health, physical function, physical role difficulty, pain, energy, social function, emotional role difficulty, and mental health. A high score is an indicator of good health.
Measured: Baseline
Short Form 36 (SF36)
In the study, quality of life will be evaluated using Short Form-36 (SF-36). SF-36 is not specific to any disease group. This scale consists of 36 questions; There are 8 subgroups: general health, physical function, physical role difficulty, pain, energy, social function, emotional role difficulty, and mental health. A high score is an indicator of good health.
Measured: 3th week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Feb 2024
- Study start28 May 2024
- Primary completion30 Sep 2025
- Study completion3 Nov 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Knee OsteoarthritisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Kirsehir Ahi Evran UniversitesiThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomised controlled
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Basak Cigdem Karacay, Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi
- Investigators
- Basak Cigdem Karacay, Asst Prof, Principal investigator, Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06272825
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2023-19/140
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Feb 2024
- Last updated
- 11 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Wi, S. Y., & Kang, J. H. (2012). The effects of virtual reality interactive games on the balance ability of elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 7(3), 387-393.
Lin YT, Lee WC, Hsieh RL. Active video games for knee osteoarthritis improve mobility but not WOMAC score: A randomized controlled trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2020 Nov;63(6):458-465. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2019.11.008. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
PubMed 31981832Nambi G, Abdelbasset WK, Elsayed SH, Khalil MA, Alrawaili SM, Alsubaie SF. Comparative effects of virtual reality training and sensory motor training on bone morphogenic proteins and inflammatory biomarkers in post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 28;10(1):15864. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72587-2.
PubMed 32985509
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Patients With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06272825
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2023-19/140
- Conditions
- Knee Osteoarthritis, Pain, Quality of Life
- Keywords
- Knee Osteoarthritis, virtual reaility, pain, Quality of Life
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Kirsehir Ahi Evran UniversitesiUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 28 May 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 3 Nov 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
One of the main challenges facing the therapist in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis is to motivate the patient throughout conventional therapy. As noted in a recent review, individuals are more interested in leisure activities rather than performing repetitive tasks during therapy. Virtual reality (VR) is a three-dimensional computer-aided programme built with a system that creates virtual reality movements and generates a high amount of visual and sensory feedback during exercise. As a result, virtual reality (VR) has been used in many medical indications and has been shown to promote adherence to treatment by increasing patient motivation.
Detailed description
Different VR systems have been shown to be effective in individuals with kinesiophobia as well as stroke patients. Virtual reality guided exercise is a proven method already used in stroke, Parkinson's, cerebral palsy rehabilitation, vestibular rehabilitation and orthopaedic rehabilitation. However, there is limited data on its effectiveness in patients with adhesive capsulitis. This randomized controlled study will contribute to the literature by investigating the effects of VR based exercises in individuals with AC
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomised controlled
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | Other: Virtual reality, Other: conventional rehabilitationIn addition to the conventional rehabilitation program at the hospital, virtual reality exercise will be applied in 15 sessions, 5 days a week. |
| Control group | Active comparator | Other: conventional rehabilitationThe conventional rehabilitation program at the hospital will be implemented in 15 sessions, 5 days a week. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Diagnosis of chronic (>3 months) knee osteoarthritis between the ages of 40-85
- Kellgren and Lawrence Score ≥ 2 on knee radiograph
- Visual Analogue scale result VAS 4-8
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Orthopedic surgery performed on the lower extremity
- Cognitive dysfunction (Mini Mental Test Score <23)
- Having received any treatment for knee osteoarthritis in the last 6 months
- Following any ongoing exercise program (tai chi, pilates, yoga, fitness)
- History of ligament and ligament injury around the knee
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual realityVR-based exercise program will be applied in addition to the conventional rehabilitation program, 5 days a week for a total of 3 weeks. | Other | Experimental Group |
| conventional rehabilitationThe conventional exercise program will include 20 minutes(Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) TENS with conventional method, 4 minutes continue ultrason, 20 minutes hot pack. | Other | Control group, Experimental Group |
Primary outcome
Visual Analog Scale
Time frame: Baseline
Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain assessment. VAS is a 10-point Likert scale. Patients are asked to indicate their pain level, with 0 points being no pain, 5 points being moderate pain, and 10 points being unbearable pain. Increased scores indicate higher pain levels.
Visual Analog Scale
Time frame: 3th week
Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain assessment. VAS is a 10-point Likert scale. Patients are asked to indicate their pain level, with 0 points being no pain, 5 points being moderate pain, and 10 points being unbearable pain. Increased scores indicate higher pain levels.
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)
Time frame: Baseline
WOMAC was used to assess disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The WOMAC assesses pain, stiffness and physical function and consists of 24 items. Total score is between 24 and 120 points. A low score indicates mild illness, a high score indicates severe illness.
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)
Time frame: 3th week
WOMAC was used to assess disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The WOMAC assesses pain, stiffness and physical function and consists of 24 items. Total score is between 24 and 120 points. A low score indicates mild illness, a high score indicates severe illness.
Biodex Balance System
Time frame: Baseline
The balance assessment of the participants will be made with the Biodex Balance Systems device. During the measurement, patients will try to stay balanced on the device whose platform stability is adjusted.
Biodex Balance System
Time frame: 3th week
The balance assessment of the participants will be made with the Biodex Balance Systems device. During the measurement, patients will try to stay balanced on the device whose platform stability is adjusted.
2 secondary outcomes
Short Form 36 (SF36)
Time frame: Baseline
Short Form 36 (SF36)
Time frame: 3th week
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Aug 2026.
- BackgroundWi, S. Y., & Kang, J. H. (2012). The effects of virtual reality interactive games on the balance ability of elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 7(3), 387-393.
- Background: PubMed 31981832Lin YT, Lee WC, Hsieh RL. Active video games for knee osteoarthritis improve mobility but not WOMAC score: A randomized controlled trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2020 Nov;63(6):458-465. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2019.11.008. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
- Background: PubMed 32985509Nambi G, Abdelbasset WK, Elsayed SH, Khalil MA, Alrawaili SM, Alsubaie SF. Comparative effects of virtual reality training and sensory motor training on bone morphogenic proteins and inflammatory biomarkers in post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 28;10(1):15864. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72587-2.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Basak Cigdem Karacay, Asst Prof principal investigator
Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Virtual reality and conventional rehabilitation in people with Knee Osteoarthritis and Pain, run by Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Visual Analog Scale (time frame: Baseline). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06272825, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Aug 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.