ParentingNCT06285552
Evaluation of the Comprehensive Family Support Program (PAIF)
A study testing Positive parenting PAIF program in people with Parenting, run by University of Seville at 1 site in Spain.
Trial summary
The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of positive parenting programs targeted to parents of toddlers, children and adolescents carried out in Cantabria (Spain). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Parenting
- What is being tested?
- Positive parenting PAIF program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,429 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSpain
- Study dates
- 20 Feb 2024to 23 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being caregiver of at least one child under 18 years of age
- The child to be in the developmental stage appropriate for the corresponding arm
- If participating in a targeted program, meet the requirements: (1) be a father; (2) presenting bad health habits in the family according the evaluation of the pediatrician
- Motivated to improve parenting competences
Who cannot join
- Not having sufficient command of the Spanish language to be able to communicate
- Experience family crisis that prevent for participating in a group intervention
- Experience mental health issue that prevent for participating in a group intervention
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Spain1 site
Consejería de Inclusión Social, Juventud, Familias E Igualdad
Santander, Cantabria, 39004
About this study
The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of positive parenting programs targeted to parents of toddlers, children and adolescents carried out in Cantabria (Spain).
We will collect information from the participants before the intervention, in the last session of the program and some months after, to verify if there have been some changes in the family dynamics of these parents, and if these changes continue after some time. Besides, we will compare these results with information from other families that are not taking part in the program. The main caregivers of the participating families and the practitioners in charge of the intervention will provide the information for the study.
We expect that families participating in the programs will improve their parenting competencies and their family dynamics, and that these change will stay after the program.
Read the detailed description
A quasi-experimental design will be followed, with three evaluation moments (pretest, posttest and follow-up) and with a non-randomized comparison group.
The positive parenting programs will be advertised by social media, schools and high schools. The participants will be parental figures interested in joining these programs.
The participants will answer a series of questionnaires by an app, where they will give information related to sociodemographic data and parenting competencies. The app will not allow the participants to leave any question with no answer or with an incorrect answer.
To analyze the data, we will use the softwares Mplus and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
- Conditions
- Parenting
- Being tested
- Positive parenting PAIF program
- Keywords
- Positive parenting, Parenting competences, Program evaluation, Family functioning, Parenting practices, Effectiveness
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Positive parenting PAIF programBehavioural
Psychoeducational intervention in a group format driven by a practitioner with 6 to 12 sessions where caregivers learn parenting competences
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Parenting newborn | Experimental | Program aimed at community families with children enrolled in Early Childhood Care Centers (from 0 to 2 years old). Receives: Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program |
| Parenting Toddlers | Experimental | Program aimed at community families with children from 2 to 5 years old. Receives: Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program |
| Parenting Children | Experimental | Program aimed at community families with children from 6 to 12 years old. Receives: Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program |
| Parenting Adolescents | Experimental | Program aimed at community families with children from 12 to 18 years old. Receives: Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program |
| Active and Health Families | Experimental | Program aimed at targeted families due identified needs for healthy lifestyle habits Receives: Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program |
| Functional diversity Parenting | Experimental | Program aimed at targeted families whose children and/or adolescents exhibit functional diversity characteristics Receives: Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program |
| Control | No intervention | Families that are not participating in any program as they live in a comparable area where any of the intervention is offered |
| Parenting as as Father | Experimental | Program aimed at fathers from the community population Receives: Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Perception of the parental role
Me as a Parent Scale (MaaP), rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Measured: Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up
Parenting practices (Authoritative parenting style: Warmth and Support, Reasoning/Induction, Democratic Participation)
Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire - Short version (PSDQ-Short version), rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Measured: Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up
Parenting practices (Overreactivity and Laxness)
Parenting Scale - Short version (PS), rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 7. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Measured: Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up
Secondary outcomes (4)
Satisfaction with the intervention
Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-4), rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 4. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Measured: Immediately Posttest
Children adjustment
Kidscreen-10, rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Measured: Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up
Social support
Ad hoc questionnaire, with 3 items rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 = Nothing to 4 = A lot ("I feel supported as a father/mother). Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Measured: Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up
Satisfaction with Family Life
Satisfaction with Family Life Scale (SWFLS), rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 7. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Measured: Pretest, posttest and follow-up
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Feb 2024
- Study start20 Feb 2024
- Primary completion23 Dec 2025
- Study completion23 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ParentingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The participants will be assigned to the manualized program according to the inclusion criteria. The comparison group will be composed of families in areas where the intervention is not available but with similar sociodemographic characteristics.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 1,429 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Seville
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Gobierno de Cantabria, Loyola University, University of Jaen
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Victoria Hidalgo García, University of Seville
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06285552
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 4792/0842
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Feb 2024
- Last updated
- 4 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: The project is framed in an agreement with the Govern of Cantabria and the researchers have no authorization for sharing individual participant data.
Publications
Hamilton, V., Matthews, J. & Crawford, S. (2015). Development and preliminary validation of a parenting self-regulation scale: "Me as a Parent". Journal of Child & Family Studies. 24(10), 2853-2864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0089-z
Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (1995). Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive Parenting Practices: Development of a New Measure. Psychological Reports, 77(3), 819-830. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.819
Reitman D, Currier RO, Hupp SD, Rhode PC, Murphy MA, O'Callaghan PM. Psychometric characteristics of the Parenting Scale in a head start population. J Clin Child Psychol. 2001 Dec;30(4):514-24. doi: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3004_08.
PubMed 11708239Larsen DL, Attkisson CC, Hargreaves WA, Nguyen TD. Assessment of client/patient satisfaction: development of a general scale. Eval Program Plann. 1979;2(3):197-207. doi: 10.1016/0149-7189(79)90094-6. No abstract available.
PubMed 10245370Ramon B. Zabriskie & Peter J. Ward (2013) Satisfaction With Family Life Scale, Marriage & Family Review, 49:5, 446-463, DOI: 10.1080/01494929.2013.768321
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of the Comprehensive Family Support Program (PAIF)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06285552
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 4792/0842
- Conditions
- Parenting
- Keywords
- Positive parenting, Parenting competences, Program evaluation, Family functioning, Parenting practices, Effectiveness
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,429 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of SevilleUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Gobierno de Cantabria, Loyola University, University of Jaen
- Study start
- 20 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 23 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of positive parenting programs targeted to parents of toddlers, children and adolescents carried out in Cantabria (Spain).
We will collect information from the participants before the intervention, in the last session of the program and some months after, to verify if there have been some changes in the family dynamics of these parents, and if these changes continue after some time. Besides, we will compare these results with information from other families that are not taking part in the program. The main caregivers of the participating families and the practitioners in charge of the intervention will provide the information for the study.
We expect that families participating in the programs will improve their parenting competencies and their family dynamics, and that these change will stay after the program.
Detailed description
A quasi-experimental design will be followed, with three evaluation moments (pretest, posttest and follow-up) and with a non-randomized comparison group.
The positive parenting programs will be advertised by social media, schools and high schools. The participants will be parental figures interested in joining these programs.
The participants will answer a series of questionnaires by an app, where they will give information related to sociodemographic data and parenting competencies. The app will not allow the participants to leave any question with no answer or with an incorrect answer.
To analyze the data, we will use the softwares Mplus and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 8
- Model description
- The participants will be assigned to the manualized program according to the inclusion criteria. The comparison group will be composed of families in areas where the intervention is not available but with similar sociodemographic characteristics.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Parenting newborn | Experimental | Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF programProgram aimed at community families with children enrolled in Early Childhood Care Centers (from 0 to 2 years old). |
| Parenting Toddlers | Experimental | Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF programProgram aimed at community families with children from 2 to 5 years old. |
| Parenting Children | Experimental | Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF programProgram aimed at community families with children from 6 to 12 years old. |
| Parenting Adolescents | Experimental | Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF programProgram aimed at community families with children from 12 to 18 years old. |
| Active and Health Families | Experimental | Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF programProgram aimed at targeted families due identified needs for healthy lifestyle habits |
| Functional diversity Parenting | Experimental | Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF programProgram aimed at targeted families whose children and/or adolescents exhibit functional diversity characteristics |
| Control | No intervention | –Families that are not participating in any program as they live in a comparable area where any of the intervention is offered |
| Parenting as as Father | Experimental | Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF programProgram aimed at fathers from the community population |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Being caregiver of at least one child under 18 years of age
- The child to be in the developmental stage appropriate for the corresponding arm
- If participating in a targeted program, meet the requirements: (1) be a father; (2) presenting bad health habits in the family according the evaluation of the pediatrician
- Motivated to improve parenting competences
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Not having sufficient command of the Spanish language to be able to communicate
- Experience family crisis that prevent for participating in a group intervention
- Experience mental health issue that prevent for participating in a group intervention
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Positive parenting PAIF programPsychoeducational intervention in a group format driven by a practitioner with 6 to 12 sessions where caregivers learn parenting competences | Behavioural | Active and Health Families, Functional diversity Parenting, Parenting Adolescents, Parenting Children, Parenting Toddlers, Parenting as as Father, Parenting newborn |
Primary outcome
Perception of the parental role
Time frame: Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up
Me as a Parent Scale (MaaP), rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Parenting practices (Authoritative parenting style: Warmth and Support, Reasoning/Induction, Democratic Participation)
Time frame: Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up
Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire - Short version (PSDQ-Short version), rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Parenting practices (Overreactivity and Laxness)
Time frame: Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up
Parenting Scale - Short version (PS), rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 7. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
4 secondary outcomes
Satisfaction with the intervention
Time frame: Immediately Posttest
Children adjustment
Time frame: Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up
Social support
Time frame: Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up
Satisfaction with Family Life
Time frame: Pretest, posttest and follow-up
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 May 2026.
- BackgroundHamilton, V., Matthews, J. & Crawford, S. (2015). Development and preliminary validation of a parenting self-regulation scale: "Me as a Parent". Journal of Child & Family Studies. 24(10), 2853-2864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0089-z
- BackgroundRobinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (1995). Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive Parenting Practices: Development of a New Measure. Psychological Reports, 77(3), 819-830. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.819
- Background: PubMed 11708239Reitman D, Currier RO, Hupp SD, Rhode PC, Murphy MA, O'Callaghan PM. Psychometric characteristics of the Parenting Scale in a head start population. J Clin Child Psychol. 2001 Dec;30(4):514-24. doi: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3004_08.
- Background: PubMed 10245370Larsen DL, Attkisson CC, Hargreaves WA, Nguyen TD. Assessment of client/patient satisfaction: development of a general scale. Eval Program Plann. 1979;2(3):197-207. doi: 10.1016/0149-7189(79)90094-6. No abstract available.
- BackgroundRamon B. Zabriskie & Peter J. Ward (2013) Satisfaction With Family Life Scale, Marriage & Family Review, 49:5, 446-463, DOI: 10.1080/01494929.2013.768321
- Website of the instrument Kidscreen-10Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. The project is framed in an agreement with the Govern of Cantabria and the researchers have no authorization for sharing individual participant data.
Related trials for Parenting
Active, not recruiting
Pediatric Parenting Support in Flint
Healthy, Family Research
Enrolling by invitation
MIO-CPP to Improve the Well-being, Permanency, and Safety Outcomes for Young Children at Risk of or in Out-of-home Placement in Philadelphia and Bucks Counties, and Affected by Maternal Substance Use
Substance Use Disorders, Parent-Child Relations
Recruiting
Preliminary Efficacy of the AdoptMindful2Care@Web: A Web-Based Mindful Parenting Post-Adoption Intervention for Adoptive Parents
Parenting Stress, Positive Mental Health
Active, not recruiting
Chicago Parent Program for Foster and Kinship Caregivers
Behavior Problem, Parenting
Active, not recruiting
Tailoring CPP for the Foster Care Setting
Behavior Problem
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Positive parenting PAIF program in people with Parenting, run by University of Seville at 1 site in Spain.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Perception of the parental role (time frame: Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06285552, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 May 2026.