Exercise PerformanceMCh1NCT06374641
The Effects of a Novel Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement on Exercise Performance and Cognitive Function
A study testing Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement in people with Exercise Performance and Cognitive Function, run by University of Exeter at 1 site in United Kingdom.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the effects of taking a new supplement for 16 days on cognitive function and exercise performance, compared to a placebo (a supplement that looks and tastes the same, but doesn't have the same ingredients) in 40 healthy individuals - 20 young individuals (aged 18-30) and… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Exercise Performance, Cognitive Function
- What is being tested?
- Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Kingdom
- Study dates
- 26 Mar 2024to 6 Jun 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participants will be deemed eligible to participate provided they are willing and able to follow the study instructions and
- are able to take part in intense exercise (as assessed via Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ))
- are able to consume a dietary supplement
- are not overweight/obese (assessed by BMI)
- do not have any cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic or musculoskeletal disorders, or any other contraindication to the performance of maximal exercise.
Who cannot join
- Aged 31-49 and aged 66+.
- underlying illness or injury (assessed via PARQ)
- overweight or obese individuals (BMI of >30 kg.m-2).
- Cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic or musculoskeletal disorders (assessed by screening form).
- Use of dietary supplements, tobacco smoking.
- Pregnant
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United Kingdom1 site
Richards Building St. Lukes Campus University of Exeter
Exeter, Devon, EX2 4TH
About this study
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the effects of taking a new supplement for 16 days on cognitive function and exercise performance, compared to a placebo (a supplement that looks and tastes the same, but doesn't have the same ingredients) in 40 healthy individuals - 20 young individuals (aged 18-30) and 20 older individuals (aged 50-65).
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Read more
- If taking the supplement for 16 days improves exercise performance, or the speed with which the body responds to the commencement of exercise.
- If taking the supplement improves cognitive function.
Participants will visit the lab on 5 separate occasions to:
- complete some cognitive tests
- complete exercise performance tests
- provide blood samples
All exercise tests will be on an exercise bike.
After 28 (or 46 for pre-menopausal females) days to make sure the supplement has left the body fully, participants will consume the opposite supplement and repeat the tests.
Read the detailed description
This study is a randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial investigating the effects of supplementing with a novel mitochondrial substrate supplement on exercise performance and cognitive function.
The supplement is composed of three bioactive components: choline, nicotinamide and succinate. All three components are available on the market as supplements and/or as food additives, but have not previously been combined.
This study will recruit 40 individuals in two cohorts. The first cohort will consist of 20 young individuals (aged 18-30) and the second cohort will consist of 20 older individuals (aged 50-65). Individuals will be block randomised into two groups within each cohort, taking either the placebo or supplement first. Trials will be counterbalanced by Latin square to remove any trial-order effect.
This study will involve 5 lab visits per participant, including a familiarisation visit and a further 2 visits per trial arm. Familiarisation will consist of questionnaires and cognitive tests, warm-up and ramp incremental test on a cycle ergometer for all participants. The ramp incremental test will commence with a 3-minute unloaded baseline period followed by an increase in work rate until task failure. Task failure will be defined as a drop by >10 rpm below participants' self-selected cadence (which is expected to lie between 70 and 100 rpm). Following a rest period, participants in the 'young' cohort will also complete a 3-minute all-out test on a cycle ergometer.
Participants will be supplemented with 65 mL.d-1 of either a placebo or the supplement twice daily for 16 days while recording food intake and exercise activities. On days 15 and 16 of supplementation, participants will return to the lab for testing. Testing on day 15 will consist of questionnaires and cognitive tests, a venous blood sample, and a 3-minute all out test (young cohort) or ramp incremental test (older cohort) on a cycle ergometer. Venous samples will be collected prior to exercise.
Testing on day 16 will consist of a series of three 6-min step tests, from unloaded to moderate intensity, with a 15-minute rest period between each test. Moderate exercise is defined as exercise which occurs below the lactate threshold. Participants will then complete an intermittent exercise protocol consisting of alternating 60-second periods of severe intensity exercise and 30-second periods of recovery until they reach the limit of tolerance. Severe intensity is defined as exercise which occurs above the critical power, where VO2max is reached at exhaustion. All tests will be conducted on a cycle ergometer.
Following completion of the first trial arm, participants will undergo a 28 or 46 (pre-menopausal females) day washout period. The washout period for young female participants is adjusted to enable all testing to occur in the same phase of the menstrual cycle and thus remove potential associated confounding effects. Participants will then repeat the supplementation protocol and testing visits on days 15 and 16 with the opposing supplement.
- Conditions
- Exercise Performance, Cognitive Function
- Being tested
- Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement, Placebo Supplement
- Keywords
- choline, nicotinamide, succinate, supplement, exercise, cognitive function
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Mitochondrial Substrate SupplementDietary supplement
Also called Mitocholine, MiBrain
Mitochondrial Substrate supplement, 2xdaily 65 mL drink
Placebo SupplementDietary supplement
Placebo supplement, 2xdaily 65 mL drink
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement then Placebo | Experimental | Administered as a drink, participants receive mitochondrial substrate supplement to be taken in the morning in a fasted state in a dose of 65 mL/day twice daily for 16 days. After a washout period of 28 (or 46 for young females) days they then receive the placebo matching the mitochondrial substrate supplement to be taken in the same way, for 16 days.
Each 65 mL dose of the supplement provides a dose of 481.66 mg choline, 273.01 mg succinic acid, and 15 mg nicotinamide. 65 mL of placebo consists of Aspartame (15.3 mg), Acesulfame-K (10.3 mg), Potassium Sorbate (9.1 mg), Sodium Benzoate (9.8 mg), Cellulose Gum (6.5 mg), Gluconic acid (1105.0 mg), Ginger Natural Flavouring (130.0 mg), Orange Natural Flavouring (130.0 mg), Bitter Sensation Natural Flavouring (65.0 mg), Natural Colour (colouring food) (26.0 mg), Water (63493.0 mg). Receives: Dietary Supplement: Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement; Dietary Supplement: Placebo Supplement |
| Placebo then Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement | Placebo comparator | Administered as a drink, participants receive placebo supplement matching the mitochondrial substrate supplement in taste and appearance, to be taken in a dose of 65 mL twice daily for 16 days. After a washout period of 28 (or 46 for young females) days they then receive the mitochondrial substrate supplement, to be taken in the same way, for 16 days.
Each 65 mL dose of the placebo supplement provides 481.66 mg choline, 273.01 mg succinic acid, and 15 mg nicotinamide. 65 mL of placebo consists of Aspartame (15.3 mg), Acesulfame-K (10.3 mg), Potassium Sorbate (9.1 mg), Sodium Benzoate (9.8 mg), Cellulose Gum (6.5 mg), Gluconic acid (1105.0 mg), Ginger Natural Flavouring (130.0 mg), Orange Natural Flavouring (130.0 mg), Bitter Sensation Natural Flavouring (65.0 mg), Natural Colour (colouring food) (26.0 mg), Water (63493.0 mg). Receives: Dietary Supplement: Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement; Dietary Supplement: Placebo Supplement |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Exercise Capacity
Exercise performance as measured by ramp incremental test (older group) or 3 minute all out test (young group) and intermittent exercise test. The ramp incremental cycling test is well-established for the determination of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and gaseous exchange threshold, which are key markers of cardiorespiratory health and predictor of endurance exercise performance. The 3 minute all out test is commonly used to determine critical power and W'. The critical power represents the highest power output an individual can sustain while remaining in an aerobic steady state, and the W' represents the anaerobic capacity.
The intermittent test consists of intermittent exercise in which 1 min of severe intensity exercise is alternated with 30 s of lower intensity exercise until the participant reaches their limit of tolerance. Time to exhaustion allows for assessment of exercise capacity.
Measured: Day 15 and 16
VO2 kinetic response to exercise
The VO2 response measured during step test from unloaded to moderate intensity exercise. The participant will cycle against a low resistance and then the resistance on the pedals will be increased abruptly to provide a moderate-intensity work rate which will be maintained for 6 minutes. The VO2 response will then be examined from the onset of exercise to the attainment of a steady state. The VO2 responses to the three step tests will be averaged and modelled to provide information on the rate at which the muscle mitochondria use oxygen to supply energy to meet the demands of the exercise. The steady-state VO2 value for the imposed work rate also allows for the assessment of exercise economy.
Measured: Day 16
Cognitive Function (Stroop test)
Cognitive function tested via Stroop test administered by computerised system.
Measured: Day 15
Cognitive Function (decision reaction test)
Cognitive function tested via decision reaction test administered by computerised system.
Measured: Day 15
Grip Strength
Grip strength measured by hand strength dynamometer.
Measured: Day 15
Secondary outcomes (9)
Capillary Blood Lactate
Capillary Blood Lactate used during step tests and intermittent exercise tests to examine the production of lactate and inferred levels of muscle acidosis.
Measured: Before and after each step during the step test, and before and after every 2 exercise bouts during the intermittent exercise protocol.
Questionnaire 1
To assess participant experience during the supplementation period and study protocol with regard to factors such as fatigue, stress, sleep and perceived effort.
Measured: Day 16
Questionnaire 2
To assess participant experience of the supplement with regard to factors such as perceived effects, tolerance and taste.
Measured: Day 15
Venous Blood [Betaine]
Assessment of Venous Blood [Betaine].
Measured: Day 15
Venous Blood [Choline]
Assessment of Venous Blood [Choline].
Measured: Day 15
Venous blood [S-Adenosyl methionine]
Assessment of Venous Blood [S-Adenosyl methionine].
Measured: Day 15
Venous blood [glucose].
Assessment of Venous Blood [glucose].
Measured: Day 15
Venous blood [insulin].
Assessment of Venous Blood [insulin].
Measured: Day 15
Venous blood [trimethylamine N-oxide].
Assessment of Venous Blood [triglycerides].
Measured: Day 15
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Apr 2024
- Study start26 Mar 2024
- Primary completion6 Jun 2025
- Study completion6 Jun 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Exercise PerformanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Trials will be randomised and counterbalanced to remove any trial-order effect.
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Exeter
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Mitocholine Ltd, Innovate UK
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Andy M Jones, PhD, DSc, Principal investigator, University of Exeter
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06374641
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 5514255
- Acronym
- MCh1
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 12 Mar 2024
- Last updated
- 12 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: IPD will be made available as anonymised data sets of final published data in supplementary material of publications associated with this study.
Publications
Vanhatalo A, Doust JH, Burnley M. Determination of critical power using a 3-min all-out cycling test. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Mar;39(3):548-55. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31802dd3e6.
PubMed 17473782Bailey SJ, Winyard P, Vanhatalo A, Blackwell JR, Dimenna FJ, Wilkerson DP, Tarr J, Benjamin N, Jones AM. Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Oct;107(4):1144-55. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2009. Epub 2009 Aug 6.
PubMed 19661447Chidnok W, Dimenna FJ, Bailey SJ, Vanhatalo A, Morton RH, Wilkerson DP, Jones AM. Exercise tolerance in intermittent cycling: application of the critical power concept. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012 May;44(5):966-76. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31823ea28a.
PubMed 22033512
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of a Novel Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement on Exercise Performance and Cognitive Function
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06374641
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MCh1 / 5514255
- Conditions
- Exercise Performance, Cognitive Function
- Keywords
- choline, nicotinamide, succinate, supplement, exercise, cognitive function
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of ExeterUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Mitocholine Ltd, Innovate UK
- Study start
- 26 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 6 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 6 Jun 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the effects of taking a new supplement for 16 days on cognitive function and exercise performance, compared to a placebo (a supplement that looks and tastes the same, but doesn't have the same ingredients) in 40 healthy individuals - 20 young individuals (aged 18-30) and 20 older individuals (aged 50-65).
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- If taking the supplement for 16 days improves exercise performance, or the speed with which the body responds to the commencement of exercise.
- If taking the supplement improves cognitive function.
Participants will visit the lab on 5 separate occasions to:
- complete some cognitive tests
- complete exercise performance tests
- provide blood samples
All exercise tests will be on an exercise bike.
After 28 (or 46 for pre-menopausal females) days to make sure the supplement has left the body fully, participants will consume the opposite supplement and repeat the tests.
Detailed description
This study is a randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial investigating the effects of supplementing with a novel mitochondrial substrate supplement on exercise performance and cognitive function.
The supplement is composed of three bioactive components: choline, nicotinamide and succinate. All three components are available on the market as supplements and/or as food additives, but have not previously been combined.
This study will recruit 40 individuals in two cohorts. The first cohort will consist of 20 young individuals (aged 18-30) and the second cohort will consist of 20 older individuals (aged 50-65). Individuals will be block randomised into two groups within each cohort, taking either the placebo or supplement first. Trials will be counterbalanced by Latin square to remove any trial-order effect.
This study will involve 5 lab visits per participant, including a familiarisation visit and a further 2 visits per trial arm. Familiarisation will consist of questionnaires and cognitive tests, warm-up and ramp incremental test on a cycle ergometer for all participants. The ramp incremental test will commence with a 3-minute unloaded baseline period followed by an increase in work rate until task failure. Task failure will be defined as a drop by >10 rpm below participants' self-selected cadence (which is expected to lie between 70 and 100 rpm). Following a rest period, participants in the 'young' cohort will also complete a 3-minute all-out test on a cycle ergometer.
Participants will be supplemented with 65 mL.d-1 of either a placebo or the supplement twice daily for 16 days while recording food intake and exercise activities. On days 15 and 16 of supplementation, participants will return to the lab for testing. Testing on day 15 will consist of questionnaires and cognitive tests, a venous blood sample, and a 3-minute all out test (young cohort) or ramp incremental test (older cohort) on a cycle ergometer. Venous samples will be collected prior to exercise.
Testing on day 16 will consist of a series of three 6-min step tests, from unloaded to moderate intensity, with a 15-minute rest period between each test. Moderate exercise is defined as exercise which occurs below the lactate threshold. Participants will then complete an intermittent exercise protocol consisting of alternating 60-second periods of severe intensity exercise and 30-second periods of recovery until they reach the limit of tolerance. Severe intensity is defined as exercise which occurs above the critical power, where VO2max is reached at exhaustion. All tests will be conducted on a cycle ergometer.
Following completion of the first trial arm, participants will undergo a 28 or 46 (pre-menopausal females) day washout period. The washout period for young female participants is adjusted to enable all testing to occur in the same phase of the menstrual cycle and thus remove potential associated confounding effects. Participants will then repeat the supplementation protocol and testing visits on days 15 and 16 with the opposing supplement.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Trials will be randomised and counterbalanced to remove any trial-order effect.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement then Placebo | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement, Dietary Supplement: Placebo SupplementAdministered as a drink, participants receive mitochondrial substrate supplement to be taken in the morning in a fasted state in a dose of 65 mL/day twice daily for 16 days. After a washout period of 28 (or 46 for young females) days they then receive the placebo matching the mitochondrial substrate supplement to be taken in the same way, for 16 days. Each 65 mL dose of the supplement provides a dose of 481.66 mg choline, 273.01 mg succinic acid, and 15 mg nicotinamide. 65 mL of placebo consists of Aspartame (15.3 mg), Acesulfame-K (10.3 mg), Potassium Sorbate (9.1 mg), Sodium Benzoate (9.8 mg), Cellulose Gum (6.5 mg), Gluconic acid (1105.0 mg), Ginger Natural Flavouring (130.0 mg), Orange Natural Flavouring (130.0 mg), Bitter Sensation Natural Flavouring (65.0 mg), Natural Colour (colouring food) (26.0 mg), Water (63493.0 mg). |
| Placebo then Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement | Placebo comparator | Dietary Supplement: Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement, Dietary Supplement: Placebo SupplementAdministered as a drink, participants receive placebo supplement matching the mitochondrial substrate supplement in taste and appearance, to be taken in a dose of 65 mL twice daily for 16 days. After a washout period of 28 (or 46 for young females) days they then receive the mitochondrial substrate supplement, to be taken in the same way, for 16 days. Each 65 mL dose of the placebo supplement provides 481.66 mg choline, 273.01 mg succinic acid, and 15 mg nicotinamide. 65 mL of placebo consists of Aspartame (15.3 mg), Acesulfame-K (10.3 mg), Potassium Sorbate (9.1 mg), Sodium Benzoate (9.8 mg), Cellulose Gum (6.5 mg), Gluconic acid (1105.0 mg), Ginger Natural Flavouring (130.0 mg), Orange Natural Flavouring (130.0 mg), Bitter Sensation Natural Flavouring (65.0 mg), Natural Colour (colouring food) (26.0 mg), Water (63493.0 mg). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Participants will be deemed eligible to participate provided they are willing and able to follow the study instructions and
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Aged 31-49 and aged 66+.
- underlying illness or injury (assessed via PARQ)
- overweight or obese individuals (BMI of >30 kg.m-2).
- Cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic or musculoskeletal disorders (assessed by screening form).
- Use of dietary supplements, tobacco smoking.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Mitochondrial Substrate SupplementAlso: Mitocholine, MiBrainMitochondrial Substrate supplement, 2xdaily 65 mL drink | Dietary supplement | Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement then Placebo, Placebo then Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement |
| Placebo SupplementPlacebo supplement, 2xdaily 65 mL drink | Dietary supplement | Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement then Placebo, Placebo then Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement |
Primary outcome
Exercise Capacity
Time frame: Day 15 and 16
Exercise performance as measured by ramp incremental test (older group) or 3 minute all out test (young group) and intermittent exercise test. The ramp incremental cycling test is well-established for the determination of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and gaseous exchange threshold, which are key markers of cardiorespiratory health and predictor of endurance exercise performance. The 3 minute all out test is commonly used to determine critical power and W'. The critical power represents the highest power output an individual can sustain while remaining in an aerobic steady state, and the W' represents the anaerobic capacity. The intermittent test consists of intermittent exercise in which 1 min of severe intensity exercise is alternated with 30 s of lower intensity exercise until the participant reaches their limit of tolerance. Time to exhaustion allows for assessment of exercise capacity.
VO2 kinetic response to exercise
Time frame: Day 16
The VO2 response measured during step test from unloaded to moderate intensity exercise. The participant will cycle against a low resistance and then the resistance on the pedals will be increased abruptly to provide a moderate-intensity work rate which will be maintained for 6 minutes. The VO2 response will then be examined from the onset of exercise to the attainment of a steady state. The VO2 responses to the three step tests will be averaged and modelled to provide information on the rate at which the muscle mitochondria use oxygen to supply energy to meet the demands of the exercise. The steady-state VO2 value for the imposed work rate also allows for the assessment of exercise economy.
Cognitive Function (Stroop test)
Time frame: Day 15
Cognitive function tested via Stroop test administered by computerised system.
Cognitive Function (decision reaction test)
Time frame: Day 15
Cognitive function tested via decision reaction test administered by computerised system.
Grip Strength
Time frame: Day 15
Grip strength measured by hand strength dynamometer.
9 secondary outcomes
Capillary Blood Lactate
Time frame: Before and after each step during the step test, and before and after every 2 exercise bouts during the intermittent exercise protocol.
Questionnaire 1
Time frame: Day 16
Questionnaire 2
Time frame: Day 15
Venous Blood [Betaine]
Time frame: Day 15
Venous Blood [Choline]
Time frame: Day 15
Venous blood [S-Adenosyl methionine]
Time frame: Day 15
Venous blood [glucose].
Time frame: Day 15
Venous blood [insulin].
Time frame: Day 15
Venous blood [trimethylamine N-oxide].
Time frame: Day 15
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 May 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 17473782Vanhatalo A, Doust JH, Burnley M. Determination of critical power using a 3-min all-out cycling test. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Mar;39(3):548-55. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31802dd3e6.
- Results publication: PubMed 19661447Bailey SJ, Winyard P, Vanhatalo A, Blackwell JR, Dimenna FJ, Wilkerson DP, Tarr J, Benjamin N, Jones AM. Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Oct;107(4):1144-55. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2009. Epub 2009 Aug 6.
- Results publication: PubMed 22033512Chidnok W, Dimenna FJ, Bailey SJ, Vanhatalo A, Morton RH, Wilkerson DP, Jones AM. Exercise tolerance in intermittent cycling: application of the critical power concept. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012 May;44(5):966-76. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31823ea28a.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. IPD will be made available as anonymised data sets of final published data in supplementary material of publications associated with this study.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Andy M Jones, PhD, DSc principal investigator
University of Exeter
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Mitochondrial Substrate Supplement in people with Exercise Performance and Cognitive Function, run by University of Exeter at 1 site in United Kingdom.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Exercise Capacity (time frame: Day 15 and 16). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06374641, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 May 2026.