Cognitive ChangeNCT06375681
Effectiveness of Cognitive Training in Older and Younger Adults
A study testing Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (1) and Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (2) in people with Cognitive Change, run by University of Wisconsin, Madison at 3 sites in United States.
Trial summary
The proposed study will enroll 1600 participants to examine the effectiveness of cognitive training. Participants will be randomized into different experimental groups and can expect to participate for up to 15 hours of research over 4 to 8 weeks. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 85 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Cognitive Change
- What is being tested?
- Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (1) and Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (2)
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,600 participants
- Where
- 3 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Apr 2025to Jul 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Self-reported normal or corrected-to-normal vision
- No known neurological impairments
- Age within inclusion range (18-30 Years for Younger Adults and 60-85 Years for Older Adults)
Who cannot join
- Physical handicap (motor or perceptual) that would impede training procedures
- Concurrent enrollment in other cognitive training studies
- Not being proficient enough in English that would prevent following and understanding all instructions and completing all testing sessions (typically, participants would need to have learned English before age 11; there might be some exceptions that will be decided on a case-by-case basis).
- Unable to adhere to training schedule
- Additional exclusion criteria for older adults:
- Score < 17 (out of 22) on the Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA).
Trial locations and contacts
3 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Freya Joessel, PhD contact
United States3 sites, 3 recruiting
- Recruiting
Northeastern University
Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
Susanne Jaeggi, PhD, 617-373-3653, s.jaeggi@northeastern.edu
- Recruiting
University of Wisconsin - Madison
Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
C. Shawn Green, PhD, 608-263-4868, cshawn.green@wisc.edu
- Recruiting
University of California, Riverside
Riverside, California, 92521
Aaron Seitz, PhD, 951-827-6422, aseitz@ucr.edu
About this study
Official title: Examining the Effectiveness of Cognitive Training
The proposed study will enroll 1600 participants to examine the effectiveness of cognitive training. Participants will be randomized into different experimental groups and can expect to participate for up to 15 hours of research over 4 to 8 weeks.
Read the detailed description
Participants will first complete two sessions (~75 minutes each) where they are asked to view visual stimuli (such as black and white lines, letters, simple shapes like triangles, circles, and squares) presented on a computer or television screen and/or listen to auditory stimuli (such as pure tones) presented via headphone or speakers. They will be asked to make some simple judgments about the stimuli (such as indicating whether the stimulus you observed is the same or different from that on a previous trial), and indicate their judgment decision with a button press on a keyboard, a mouse click, or a movement on a touchpad. They will also be asked to complete a set of questionnaires.
After the initial sessions, participants may be asked to complete two sets of 10 sessions (~20 minutes) of cognitive tasks either at home or in the lab. Each set of sessions should be completed over a period of no more than 15 days. If asked to do these sessions, instructions will be given regarding the tasks to complete in these training sessions (which will be similar to some of the tasks you complete in the first two sessions, ~20 minutes) prior to these sessions.
After completing the first set of 10 sessions, participants will complete, either at home or in the lab, one session (~75 minutes) of tasks similar to the first sessions. Participants who were not asked to complete the 20-minute sessions will complete another session two weeks after the first two 75-minute sessions in the same location as they completed the two 75-minute sessions.
Then, participants will complete the second set of ten 20-minute sessions, or wait for about two weeks for those not asked to complete the 20-minute sessions of cognitive tasks. After this, participants will complete two other sessions (~75 minutes) in the same location as they completed the previous two 75-mintue sessions.
Finally, after a couple of weeks, participants will complete their two final testing sessions (~45 minutes each) in the same location as they completed the previous two 75-mintue sessions.
The total duration of the study will be around 8 hours if not asked to complete the twenty 20-minute sessions, or 15 hours if asked to complete these sessions. The whole experiment runs over the course of 4 to 8 weeks.
*To maintain scientific integrity, certain details of this study will not be shared until all data has been collected.
- Conditions
- Cognitive Change
- Being tested
- Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (1), Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (2)
- Keywords
- Cognitive Training, Training task, Testing context
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (1)Behavioural
Seven sessions (~45-75 minutes) of cognitive tasks in the lab.
Participants asked to view visual stimuli (such as black and white lines, letters, simple shapes like triangles, circles, and squares) presented on a computer or television screen and/or listen to auditory stimuli (such as pure tones) presented via headphone or speakers and asked to make simple judgements.
Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (2)Behavioural
Two sets of 10 sessions (~20 minutes) of cognitive tasks either at home or in the lab.
Participants asked to view visual stimuli (such as black and white lines, letters, simple shapes like triangles, circles, and squares) presented on a computer or television screen and/or listen to auditory stimuli (such as pure tones) presented via headphone or speakers and asked to make simple judgements.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Short Testing Group | Active comparator | Participants will go through 2 assessment sessions over 2-3 days (~75 minutes each), followed by 1 session of 75 minutes about 2 weeks later, 2 further sessions (~75 minutes) over 2-3 days about 2 weeks after this session, and finally another 2 sessions (~45 minutes) 3 days to 2 weeks after that session. Sessions might take place either at home or in the lab. Receives: Behavioral: Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (1) |
| Long Testing Group | Active comparator | Participants will go through 2 assessment sessions over 2-3 days (75 minutes each), followed by 10 sessions of cognitive tasks over 2 weeks, 1 session of 75 minutes about 2 weeks later, another 10 sessions of cognitive tasks over 2 weeks, then 2 sessions (~75 minutes) over 2-3 days about 2 weeks after this session, and finally another 2 sessions (~45 minutes) 3 days to 2 weeks after that session. Sessions might take place either at home or in the lab. Receives: Behavioral: Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (1); Behavioral: Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (2) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in the difference between the proportion of hits minus false alarms for a given level of the N-back task
The n-Back Task is a measure of working memory. The participant is sequentially shown a series of letters and is asked to indicate whether the current letter matches the letter presented "n" items before. The n levels range between 1- and 4-back. Each level of n-back has 17-19 letters, with 5 target letters.
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the proportion of correctly reported sequences in the Corsi Complex task
The Corsi Complex Task is a measure of working memory. The participant is sequentially shown a series of positions from 12 possible predefined spots on the screen. Between each position, the participants is also asked to categorize a stimulus between two categories based on color and shape. The participant's task is to report the sequence of positions in order. The length of sequence can vary between 2 and 10.
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the proportion of correctly reported number and letter sets in the Letter-Number task
The Letter-Number Sequence Task is a measure of working memory. In each trial, the participant is presented with a sequence of alternating letters and numbers, from 2 to 10 stimuli. Participants have to report the numbers in ascending order, and the letters in alphabetical order.
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the difference of response time and accuracy in switch trials minus non-switch trials in the Task Switching Task
The Task Switching task is a measure of cognitive flexibility. On each trial, participants view a letter and a digit. A cue tells the participant to either categorize the letter as a consonant or vowel or else categorize the digit as even or odd. Trials can be either "non-switch trials" - in which the participant is asked to perform the same task as on the previous trial - or "switch trials" - in which the participant is asked to perform the opposite task as on the previous trial. The participant will complete 48 trials. A "switch cost" is calculated by subtracting the average response time for switch trials from the average response time for non-switch trials.
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the difference of response time in (i) switch trials minus non-switch trials and (ii) congruent minus incongruent trials in the Flanker Task
In the Flanker task, the participant is asked to indicate whether the centrally presented arrow is pointing either to the left or right by pressing the left or right triangular buttons. This arrow is surrounded by 4 identical arrows, 2 to its left and 2 to its right; these are called non-target arrows. The participant is presented with two different trial types during the task, incongruent and congruent. In the congruent trials, the non-target arrows point in the same direction as the target arrow (e.g. all to the left) and in the incongruent trials they point in the opposite direction (e.g. target to the right, non-targets to the left). Switch trials are trials preceded by a trial of the opposite category (i.e. congruent preceded by incongruent or incongruent preceded by congruent).
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the proportion of correctly identified targets in the mixed condition of the Cancellation task
The Cancellation task is a measure of cognitive flexibility. Participants are presented with rows of 8 stimuli that can be either cats or dogs. Each cat and dog varies along its orientation, color pattern, and/or stance, giving 4 distinct cats and 4 distinct dogs. One cat and one dog are targets, and the rest are distractors. The goal of the participant is to mark as many targets as possible within each row in the allotted time (210 seconds).
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the proportion of correct responses on the Useful Field of View (UFOV) Task
The UFOV is a measure of visual selective attention. Participants are briefly presented with a display consisting of 24 peripheral items (3 on each of the four radial spokes and the four obliques; evenly spaced) and 1 central stimulus (a smiley with either long or short hair). One of the peripheral items is a target, while the remaining items are distractors. The participants' task is to indicate upon which of the 8 spokes the target appeared, and whether the central smiley had short or long hair. The display times vary between 16-500ms.
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the proportion of correct responses on the Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) Task
The MOT is a measure of visual divided attention. On each trial, participants view a series of blue and yellow smiley faces randomly moving in circular area. After a few seconds, the blue faces become yellow, indistinguishable from the distractors, while all the items keep moving on the screen. After another period of a few seconds, the items stop, and the participant is asked whether a randomly selected face was initially blue or yellow at the beginning of the trial.
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the response time and percentage of correct responses in the Mental Rotation Task
The mental rotation task is a measure of spatial cognition. Each trial displays two 2-D images, and the participant is asked whether the image on the right is a rotated version or a mirror-reserved and rotated version of the image on the left. The participant will complete 36 trials.
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the percentage of correct responses in the Paper Folding task
The Paper Folding task is a measure of mental rotation. Participants are shown 2-4 images depicting a piece of paper being folded with a hole being punched after the last fold. The participant is asked to imagine and indicate what the paper would look like unfolded. The participant will complete 10 trials.
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the sum of correctly solved items in Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices task
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices task is a measure of fluid intelligence. The participant is presented with a grid of elements with one of the elements missing and is asked to identify the missing element that completes the grid pattern. The participant will complete 14 trials.
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the sum of correctly solved items in the UC Matrix Reasoning task
The UC Matrix Reasoning task is a measure of fluid intelligence. The participant is presented with a grid of elements with one of the elements missing and is asked to identify the missing element that completes the grid pattern. The participant will complete 16 trials.
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the percentage of accuracy in the Shipley Institute of Living Scale
Participants will complete Part I of the Shipley Institute of Living Scale, which is a measure of vocabulary. Participants are asked to select the appropriate synonym for a target word among several alternatives for 15 words.
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Change in the percentage of accuracy in the Mill-Hill Vocabulary Scale
In this vocabulary task, participants are asked to select the appropriate synonym for a target word among several alternatives for 25 words.
Measured: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Secondary outcomes (13)
Big-5-Inventory 10-item version (BFI-10) Score
Individual differences in personality moderating the potential link between expectations and performance on the battery of cognitive tasks. BFI-10 measures the individuals' personality traits: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion. The total possible range of scores is from 1-5 for each personality traits, where higher scores indicate higher expression of this personality trait.
Measured: Pre-Test
Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System (BIS/BAS) Score
Individual differences in reward sensitiveness moderating the potential link between expectations and performance on the battery of cognitive tasks. BIS/BAS measures the sensitivity to reward through four components, one inhibition component (punishment sensitivity) and three activation components (fun seeking, reward responsiveness, and drive). The total possible range of scores is from 1-4, where higher scores indicate higher expression of each dimension of the questionnaire.
Measured: Pre-Test
Grit and Conscientiousness Score
Individual differences in grit and conscientiousness moderating the potential link between expectations and performance on the battery of cognitive tasks. Grit and Consciousness measures the tendency to sustain effort toward long-term goals. The total possible range of scores is from 1-5, where higher scores indicate higher levels of grit and conscientiousness.
Measured: Pre-Test
Meta-Cognition Score
Individual differences in meta-cognitive skills moderating the potential link between expectations and performance on the battery of cognitive tasks. Meta-Cognition measures the ability to understand one's own abilities, strengths, and weaknesses. The total possible range of scores is from 1-5, where higher scores indicate higher meta-cognitive skills.
Measured: Pre-Test
Theories of Intelligence - Mindset (Fixed vs Growth) Score
Individual differences in mindset moderating the potential link between expectations and performance on the battery of cognitive tasks. Theories of Intelligence - Mindset (Fixed vs Growth) measures the extent to which the participants believe that intelligence is fixed or malleable. The total possible range of scores is from 1-4, where higher scores indicate a stronger endorsement of the growth mindset than a fixed mindset, and lower scores a stronger endorsement of the fixed mindset than a growth mindset.
Measured: Pre-Test
Schutte self-report emotional intelligence test (SSEIT) Score
Individual differences in emotional intelligence moderating the potential link between expectations and performance on the battery of cognitive tasks. SSEIT measures the ability to know and understand both one's own emotions and the emotions of others. The total possible range of scores is from 1-5, where higher scores indicate higher emotional intelligence.
Measured: Pre-Test
Work and Family Orientation (WOFO) Score
Individual differences in achievement motivation moderating the potential link between expectations and performance on the battery of cognitive tasks. WOFO is a measure the achievement motivation of participants on three separate scales: one for work (positive attitudes toward hard work), one for general mastery (preference for difficult, challenging tasks), and one for competitiveness. The total possible range of scores is from 1-5 for each dimension of the questionnaire, where higher scores indicate more positive attitudes toward hard work, higher preference for difficult, challenging tasks, and higher competitiveness respectively.
Measured: Pre-Test
Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) Score
Individual differences in sleep quality moderating the potential link between expectations and performance on the battery of cognitive tasks. B-PSQI is a measure the overall sleep quality of participants. The total possible range of scores is from 0-15, where higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.
Measured: Pre-Test
Participant Experience Measure 1
Measure will be scored from 0-5 and will be revealed when participant data collection is completed.
Measured: End of Post-Test (up to 60 days)
Participant Experience Measure 2
Measure will be scored from 0-5 and will be revealed when participant data collection is completed.
Measured: End of Post-Test (up to 60 days)
Participant Experience Measure 3
Measure will be scored from 0-5 and will be revealed when participant data collection is completed.
Measured: End of Post-Test (up to 60 days)
Participant Experience Measure 4
Measure will be scored from 0-5 and will be revealed when participant data collection is completed.
Measured: Beginning of Post-Test (up to 60 days)
Participant Experience Measure 5
Measure will be scored from 0-7 and will be revealed when participant data collection is completed.
Measured: Beginning of Post-Test (up to 60 days)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Apr 2024
- Study start1 Apr 2025
- Primary completionMay 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionJul 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Cognitive ChangeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of Wisconsin, MadisonThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Model description
- Following Pre-testing, participants randomly assigned into the full study will be further randomly assigned to a total of 9 unique experimental conditions for the full 2x2x2+1 factorial design. The full description of the study's 9 arms will be registered after data collection is completed to preserve the scientific integrity of the study.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 1,600 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Wisconsin, Madison
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Aging (NIA)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Aaron R. Seitz, PhD, Principal investigator, University of California, RiversideSusanne M. Jaeggi, PhD, Principal investigator, Northeastern University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06375681
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2019-1378: R01
- Other IDs
- 1R01AG076157-01, A487400
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 16 Apr 2024
- Last updated
- 29 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: All individual participant data (anonymized).
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Examining the Effectiveness of Cognitive Training
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06375681
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2019-1378: R01
- Conditions
- Cognitive Change
- Keywords
- Cognitive Training, Training task, Testing context
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 1,600 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Wisconsin, MadisonUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Aging (NIA)
- Study start
- 1 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- May 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jul 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 19 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The proposed study will enroll 1600 participants to examine the effectiveness of cognitive training. Participants will be randomized into different experimental groups and can expect to participate for up to 15 hours of research over 4 to 8 weeks.
Detailed description
Participants will first complete two sessions (~75 minutes each) where they are asked to view visual stimuli (such as black and white lines, letters, simple shapes like triangles, circles, and squares) presented on a computer or television screen and/or listen to auditory stimuli (such as pure tones) presented via headphone or speakers. They will be asked to make some simple judgments about the stimuli (such as indicating whether the stimulus you observed is the same or different from that on a previous trial), and indicate their judgment decision with a button press on a keyboard, a mouse click, or a movement on a touchpad. They will also be asked to complete a set of questionnaires.
After the initial sessions, participants may be asked to complete two sets of 10 sessions (~20 minutes) of cognitive tasks either at home or in the lab. Each set of sessions should be completed over a period of no more than 15 days. If asked to do these sessions, instructions will be given regarding the tasks to complete in these training sessions (which will be similar to some of the tasks you complete in the first two sessions, ~20 minutes) prior to these sessions.
After completing the first set of 10 sessions, participants will complete, either at home or in the lab, one session (~75 minutes) of tasks similar to the first sessions. Participants who were not asked to complete the 20-minute sessions will complete another session two weeks after the first two 75-minute sessions in the same location as they completed the two 75-minute sessions.
Then, participants will complete the second set of ten 20-minute sessions, or wait for about two weeks for those not asked to complete the 20-minute sessions of cognitive tasks. After this, participants will complete two other sessions (~75 minutes) in the same location as they completed the previous two 75-mintue sessions.
Finally, after a couple of weeks, participants will complete their two final testing sessions (~45 minutes each) in the same location as they completed the previous two 75-mintue sessions.
The total duration of the study will be around 8 hours if not asked to complete the twenty 20-minute sessions, or 15 hours if asked to complete these sessions. The whole experiment runs over the course of 4 to 8 weeks.
*To maintain scientific integrity, certain details of this study will not be shared until all data has been collected.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Following Pre-testing, participants randomly assigned into the full study will be further randomly assigned to a total of 9 unique experimental conditions for the full 2x2x2+1 factorial design. The full description of the study's 9 arms will be registered after data collection is completed to preserve the scientific integrity of the study.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Short Testing Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (1)Participants will go through 2 assessment sessions over 2-3 days (~75 minutes each), followed by 1 session of 75 minutes about 2 weeks later, 2 further sessions (~75 minutes) over 2-3 days about 2 weeks after this session, and finally another 2 sessions (~45 minutes) 3 days to 2 weeks after that session. Sessions might take place either at home or in the lab. |
| Long Testing Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (1), Behavioral: Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (2)Participants will go through 2 assessment sessions over 2-3 days (75 minutes each), followed by 10 sessions of cognitive tasks over 2 weeks, 1 session of 75 minutes about 2 weeks later, another 10 sessions of cognitive tasks over 2 weeks, then 2 sessions (~75 minutes) over 2-3 days about 2 weeks after this session, and finally another 2 sessions (~45 minutes) 3 days to 2 weeks after that session. Sessions might take place either at home or in the lab. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Self-reported normal or corrected-to-normal vision
- No known neurological impairments
- Age within inclusion range (18-30 Years for Younger Adults and 60-85 Years for Older Adults)
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Physical handicap (motor or perceptual) that would impede training procedures
- Concurrent enrollment in other cognitive training studies
- Not being proficient enough in English that would prevent following and understanding all instructions and completing all testing sessions (typically, participants would need to have learned English before age 11; there might be some exceptions that will be decided on a case-by-case basis).
- Unable to adhere to training schedule
- Score < 17 (out of 22) on the Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (1)Seven sessions (~45-75 minutes) of cognitive tasks in the lab. Participants asked to view visual stimuli (such as black and white lines, letters, simple shapes like triangles, circles, and squares) presented on a computer or television screen and/or listen to auditory stimuli (such as pure tones) presented via headphone or speakers and asked to make simple judgements. | Behavioural | Long Testing Group, Short Testing Group |
| Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (2)Two sets of 10 sessions (~20 minutes) of cognitive tasks either at home or in the lab. Participants asked to view visual stimuli (such as black and white lines, letters, simple shapes like triangles, circles, and squares) presented on a computer or television screen and/or listen to auditory stimuli (such as pure tones) presented via headphone or speakers and asked to make simple judgements. | Behavioural | Long Testing Group |
Primary outcome
Change in the difference between the proportion of hits minus false alarms for a given level of the N-back task
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
The n-Back Task is a measure of working memory. The participant is sequentially shown a series of letters and is asked to indicate whether the current letter matches the letter presented "n" items before. The n levels range between 1- and 4-back. Each level of n-back has 17-19 letters, with 5 target letters.
Change in the proportion of correctly reported sequences in the Corsi Complex task
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
The Corsi Complex Task is a measure of working memory. The participant is sequentially shown a series of positions from 12 possible predefined spots on the screen. Between each position, the participants is also asked to categorize a stimulus between two categories based on color and shape. The participant's task is to report the sequence of positions in order. The length of sequence can vary between 2 and 10.
Change in the proportion of correctly reported number and letter sets in the Letter-Number task
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
The Letter-Number Sequence Task is a measure of working memory. In each trial, the participant is presented with a sequence of alternating letters and numbers, from 2 to 10 stimuli. Participants have to report the numbers in ascending order, and the letters in alphabetical order.
Change in the difference of response time and accuracy in switch trials minus non-switch trials in the Task Switching Task
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
The Task Switching task is a measure of cognitive flexibility. On each trial, participants view a letter and a digit. A cue tells the participant to either categorize the letter as a consonant or vowel or else categorize the digit as even or odd. Trials can be either "non-switch trials" - in which the participant is asked to perform the same task as on the previous trial - or "switch trials" - in which the participant is asked to perform the opposite task as on the previous trial. The participant will complete 48 trials. A "switch cost" is calculated by subtracting the average response time for switch trials from the average response time for non-switch trials.
Change in the difference of response time in (i) switch trials minus non-switch trials and (ii) congruent minus incongruent trials in the Flanker Task
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
In the Flanker task, the participant is asked to indicate whether the centrally presented arrow is pointing either to the left or right by pressing the left or right triangular buttons. This arrow is surrounded by 4 identical arrows, 2 to its left and 2 to its right; these are called non-target arrows. The participant is presented with two different trial types during the task, incongruent and congruent. In the congruent trials, the non-target arrows point in the same direction as the target arrow (e.g. all to the left) and in the incongruent trials they point in the opposite direction (e.g. target to the right, non-targets to the left). Switch trials are trials preceded by a trial of the opposite category (i.e. congruent preceded by incongruent or incongruent preceded by congruent).
Change in the proportion of correctly identified targets in the mixed condition of the Cancellation task
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
The Cancellation task is a measure of cognitive flexibility. Participants are presented with rows of 8 stimuli that can be either cats or dogs. Each cat and dog varies along its orientation, color pattern, and/or stance, giving 4 distinct cats and 4 distinct dogs. One cat and one dog are targets, and the rest are distractors. The goal of the participant is to mark as many targets as possible within each row in the allotted time (210 seconds).
Change in the proportion of correct responses on the Useful Field of View (UFOV) Task
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
The UFOV is a measure of visual selective attention. Participants are briefly presented with a display consisting of 24 peripheral items (3 on each of the four radial spokes and the four obliques; evenly spaced) and 1 central stimulus (a smiley with either long or short hair). One of the peripheral items is a target, while the remaining items are distractors. The participants' task is to indicate upon which of the 8 spokes the target appeared, and whether the central smiley had short or long hair. The display times vary between 16-500ms.
Change in the proportion of correct responses on the Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) Task
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
The MOT is a measure of visual divided attention. On each trial, participants view a series of blue and yellow smiley faces randomly moving in circular area. After a few seconds, the blue faces become yellow, indistinguishable from the distractors, while all the items keep moving on the screen. After another period of a few seconds, the items stop, and the participant is asked whether a randomly selected face was initially blue or yellow at the beginning of the trial.
Change in the response time and percentage of correct responses in the Mental Rotation Task
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
The mental rotation task is a measure of spatial cognition. Each trial displays two 2-D images, and the participant is asked whether the image on the right is a rotated version or a mirror-reserved and rotated version of the image on the left. The participant will complete 36 trials.
Change in the percentage of correct responses in the Paper Folding task
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
The Paper Folding task is a measure of mental rotation. Participants are shown 2-4 images depicting a piece of paper being folded with a hole being punched after the last fold. The participant is asked to imagine and indicate what the paper would look like unfolded. The participant will complete 10 trials.
Change in the sum of correctly solved items in Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices task
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices task is a measure of fluid intelligence. The participant is presented with a grid of elements with one of the elements missing and is asked to identify the missing element that completes the grid pattern. The participant will complete 14 trials.
Change in the sum of correctly solved items in the UC Matrix Reasoning task
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
The UC Matrix Reasoning task is a measure of fluid intelligence. The participant is presented with a grid of elements with one of the elements missing and is asked to identify the missing element that completes the grid pattern. The participant will complete 16 trials.
Change in the percentage of accuracy in the Shipley Institute of Living Scale
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
Participants will complete Part I of the Shipley Institute of Living Scale, which is a measure of vocabulary. Participants are asked to select the appropriate synonym for a target word among several alternatives for 15 words.
Change in the percentage of accuracy in the Mill-Hill Vocabulary Scale
Time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days
In this vocabulary task, participants are asked to select the appropriate synonym for a target word among several alternatives for 25 words.
13 secondary outcomes
Big-5-Inventory 10-item version (BFI-10) Score
Time frame: Pre-Test
Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System (BIS/BAS) Score
Time frame: Pre-Test
Grit and Conscientiousness Score
Time frame: Pre-Test
Meta-Cognition Score
Time frame: Pre-Test
Theories of Intelligence - Mindset (Fixed vs Growth) Score
Time frame: Pre-Test
Schutte self-report emotional intelligence test (SSEIT) Score
Time frame: Pre-Test
Work and Family Orientation (WOFO) Score
Time frame: Pre-Test
Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) Score
Time frame: Pre-Test
Participant Experience Measure 1
Time frame: End of Post-Test (up to 60 days)
Participant Experience Measure 2
Time frame: End of Post-Test (up to 60 days)
Participant Experience Measure 3
Time frame: End of Post-Test (up to 60 days)
Participant Experience Measure 4
Time frame: Beginning of Post-Test (up to 60 days)
Participant Experience Measure 5
Time frame: Beginning of Post-Test (up to 60 days)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 May 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. All individual participant data (anonymized).
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Freya Joessel, PhD contact
Aaron R. Seitz, PhD principal investigator
University of California, Riverside
Susanne M. Jaeggi, PhD principal investigator
Northeastern University
3 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (1) and Visual and / or Auditory Cognitive Tasks (2) in people with Cognitive Change, run by University of Wisconsin, Madison at 3 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 3 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact C. Shawn Green, PhD ((608) 263-4868, cshawn.green@wisc.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in the difference between the proportion of hits minus false alarms for a given level of the N-back task (time frame: Pre-test (baseline), post-test1 up to 30 days, (unmasked) post-test2 up to 60 days). The study lists 14 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 May 2026.