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Self-injuryNCT06406972

Brief Admission by Self-referral for Individuals With Self-harm: Effects on Compulsory Care

An observational study of Self-injury and Suicide, run by Region Skane at 4 sites in Sweden.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Brief Admission by self-referral (BA) is a standardized treatment model, providing patient-controlled and person-centered care. It was developed to reduce self-harm and compulsory care by promoting autonomy. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 65 years
Conditions the study is for
Self-injury, Suicide, Suicide, Attempted
What is being tested?
Brief Admission by self-referral (BA)
How many people
1,343 participants
Where
4 sitesSweden
Study dates
15 Sep 2010to 1 Apr 2026
How long will I take part?
5 Years
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 65 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Study population: Individuals with repeated self-harm and traits of Borderline personality disorder

Who may be able to join

  • Living in the uptake area of Lund, Linköping, Helsingborg or Norrköping
  • Age 18-65 years at the time of inclusion
  • Admitted to hospital either diagnosed with ICD-10 diagnosis BPD F60.3, or admitted at least twice with Intentional self-harm X60-83 in combination with one of more of the following diagnoses ADHD (F90.0-F90.X), Bipolar disorder type 2, (F31.8W, F318A-F, F31.0, F31.8-9, F31.8W) or Autism, Atypical autism, Aspergers syndrome (F84.0, F84.1, F84.5) or Mild intellectual disability (F70.0-F70.9).

Who cannot join

  • not fulfilling inclusion criteria

Trial locations and contacts

4 sites in 1 country.

Sweden4 sites

  • Region Östergötland

    Linköping, 581 91

  • Division of Psychiatry, Region Skåne

    Lund, Skåne County, 22185

  • Statistiska centralbyrån

    Solna, Solna, 171 54

  • Socialstyrelsen

    Stockholm, Stockholm County, SE-106 30

Other trials in Sweden

About this study

Brief Admission by self-referral (BA) is a standardized treatment model, providing patient-controlled and person-centered care. It was developed to reduce self-harm and compulsory care by promoting autonomy. Randomized clinical trials have not yielded significant between group differences with respect to inpatient care, including compulsory care. The major difficulty in evaluating BA is preventing the control group from cross-contamination, as in the implementation process of BA, all physicians, all inpatient and outpatient staff as well as managers need to be informed and undergo basic education regarding the intervention. As BA addresses a prevalent and frustrating issue in psychiatric health care, there is considerable risk that the approach leaks to the control group, reducing the possibility to detect between-group differences. In the current study this will be addressed through a register-based approach, comparing similar clinics, implementing BA at different timepoints over time. Individuals with traits of borderline personality disorder will be included and comparisons will be made with respect to compulsory care, voluntary inpatient care and mortality.

Being tested
Brief Admission by self-referral (BA)
Keywords
Brief Admission by self-referral, self-harm, traits of borderline personality disorder, compulsory care
Medical subject headings
Self-Injurious Behavior, Suicide, Suicide, Attempted, Borderline Personality Disorder

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Brief Admission by self-referral (BA)Other

    Also called Patient initiated Brief admission, Self-referral to inpatient treatment, Patient controlled hospital admission

    Through means of an individualised contract access to self-referral to inpatient treatment limited to a maximum of three nights, three times per month.

Study groups in NCT06406972
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Lund 2010-09-15-2015-09-14Lund, before implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral
Lund 2015-09-15-2020-09-14Lund, after implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Lund, before implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Linköping
Receives: Other: Brief Admission by self-referral (BA)
Linköping 2010-09-15-2015-09-14Linköping before implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral
Linköping 2015-09-15-2020-09-14Linköping after implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Lund, before implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Linköping

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Days with compulsory admission

    Days with compulsory admission (days/year)

    Measured: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14

Secondary outcomes (6)

  1. Days with voluntary psychiatric admission

    Days with voluntary psychiatric admission (days/year)

    Measured: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14

  2. Duration of free intervals between admissions

    Duration of free intervals between admissions (days)

    Measured: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14

  3. Mortality

    All cause mortality as well as death by suicide specifically (X60-X84 and Y10-Y34 in ICD10)

    Measured: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14

  4. Number of compulsory admissions

    Number of compulsory admissions (admissions/year)

    Measured: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14

  5. Number of voluntary psychiatric admissions (admissions/year)

    Number of voluntary psychiatric admissions

    Measured: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14

  6. Number of compulsory acts/year

    Number of compulsory acts/year

    Measured: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted9 May 2024
  2. Study start15 Sep 2010
  3. Primary completion14 Sep 2020
  4. Study completion1 Apr 2026

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Other
Time perspective
Other
Enrolment
1,343 participants (actual)
Target duration
5 Years
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06406972
Sponsor's protocol ID
2022-02307-01
Status last verified
May 2026
First submitted
19 Apr 2024
Last updated
6 Jul 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No

Publications

  • Warrender D. Borderline personality disorder and the ethics of risk management: The action/consequence model. Nurs Ethics. 2018 Nov;25(7):918-927. doi: 10.1177/0969733016679467. Epub 2017 Jan 19.

    PubMed 28100114

  • Coyle TN, Shaver JA, Linehan MM. On the potential for iatrogenic effects of psychiatric crisis services: The example of dialectical behavior therapy for adult women with borderline personality disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2018 Feb;86(2):116-124. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000275.

    PubMed 29369662

  • Liljedahl SI, Helleman M, Daukantaite D, Westrin A, Westling S. A standardized crisis management model for self-harming and suicidal individuals with three or more diagnostic criteria of borderline personality disorder: The Brief Admission Skane randomized controlled trial protocol (BASRCT). BMC Psychiatry. 2017 Jun 15;17(1):220. doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1371-6.

    PubMed 28619050

  • Strand M, von Hausswolff-Juhlin Y. Patient-controlled hospital admission in psychiatry: A systematic review. Nord J Psychiatry. 2015;69(8):574-86. doi: 10.3109/08039488.2015.1025835. Epub 2015 Apr 2.

    PubMed 25832757

  • Westling S, Daukantaite D, Liljedahl SI, Oh Y, Westrin A, Flyckt L, Helleman M. Effect of Brief Admission to Hospital by Self-referral for Individuals Who Self-harm and Are at Risk of Suicide: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Jun 5;2(6):e195463. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5463.

    PubMed 31173128

  • Lindkvist RM, Landgren K, Liljedahl SI, Daukantaite D, Helleman M, Westling S. Predictable, Collaborative and Safe: Healthcare Provider Experiences of Introducing Brief Admissions by Self-referral for Self-harming and Suicidal Persons with a History of Extensive Psychiatric Inpatient Care. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2019 Jul;40(7):548-556. doi: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1585497. Epub 2019 May 17.

    PubMed 31099707

  • Sigrunarson V, Moljord IE, Steinsbekk A, Eriksen L, Morken G. A randomized controlled trial comparing self-referral to inpatient treatment and treatment as usual in patients with severe mental disorders. Nord J Psychiatry. 2017 Feb;71(2):120-125. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2016.1240231. Epub 2016 Oct 14.

    PubMed 27739334

  • Thomsen CT, Benros ME, Maltesen T, Hastrup LH, Andersen PK, Giacco D, Nordentoft M. Patient-controlled hospital admission for patients with severe mental disorders: a nationwide prospective multicentre study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2018 Apr;137(4):355-363. doi: 10.1111/acps.12868. Epub 2018 Mar 4.

    PubMed 29504127

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Self-injury and Suicide, run by Region Skane at 4 sites in Sweden.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 4 sites in Sweden. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Days with compulsory admission (time frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06406972, which also lists 8 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Jul 2026.

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