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Ketogenic DietSTAKNCT06449287

Impact of Exogenous Ketones on Indices of Keto-Adaptation in Obese Subjects on Weight Reducing Diets.

A study testing Diet, Blood Draw and Ketone/Glucose Monitoring in people with Ketogenic Diet and Weight Loss, run by Ohio State University at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This project will be a three-group controlled 6-wk feeding study where all meals are prepared and provided to obese participants. All participants will be fed a 25% energy-restricted diet. Two diets will be very low in carbohydrate (i.e., ketogenic diets) designed to induce nutritional ketosis and fat loss. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 21 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Ketogenic Diet, Weight Loss
What is being tested?
Diet, Blood Draw and Ketone/Glucose Monitoring
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
37 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
5 Jul 2018to 21 Aug 2019
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 21 to 65 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • BMI >27 and =35 kg/m2

Who cannot join

  • have diabetes, liver, kidney, or other metabolic or endocrine dysfunction, or using diabetic medications.
  • Currently consuming a low-carbohydrate diet
  • Weight loss of >10% in past 6 months -Currently pregnant or nursing, or planning to become pregnant during the study
  • Major psychiatric disorder (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder)
  • Excessive alcohol intake (acute or chronic) defined as average consumption of 3 or more alcohol-containing beverages daily or consumption of more than 14 alcoholic beverages per week

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • The Ohio State University

    Columbus, Ohio, 43210

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Strategies to Augment Ketosis: Impact of Exogenous Ketones on Indices of Keto-Adaptation in Obese Subjects on Weight Reducing Diets.

This project will be a three-group controlled 6-wk feeding study where all meals are prepared and provided to obese participants. All participants will be fed a 25% energy-restricted diet. Two diets will be very low in carbohydrate (i.e., ketogenic diets) designed to induce nutritional ketosis and fat loss. Another diet will be low in fat and saturated fat but contain the same total calories. Participants will be randomly assigned to a Ketone Supplement group who are provided an exogenous pre-formed source of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) or a Control group that only receives the standard ketogenic diet. Randomization will be stratified based on insulin resistance, sex, and body composition to ensure balanced group assignment. Because of timing of recruitment (i.e., after most of the ketogenic groups have already completed the study), the low-fat group will not be randomized. Outcome measurements will be made at various intervals over the 6-wk intervention.

Read the detailed description

This project will be a three-group controlled 6-wk feeding study where all meals are prepared and provided to obese participants. All participants will be fed a 25% energy-restricted diet. Two diets will be very low in carbohydrate (i.e., ketogenic diets) designed to induce nutritional ketosis and fat loss. Another diet will be low in fat and saturated fat but contain the same total calories. Participants will be randomly assigned to a Ketone Supplement group (n=12) who are provided an exogenous pre-formed source of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) or a Control group (n=12) that only receives the standard ketogenic diet. Randomization will be stratified based on insulin resistance, sex, and body composition to ensure balanced group assignment. Because of timing of recruitment (i.e., after most of the ketogenic groups have already completed the study), the low-fat group will not be randomized. Outcome measurements will be made at various intervals over the 6-wk intervention. Key outcome variables will include: 1) Markers of Ketosis/Keto-Adaptation: a. Daily measures of BOHB (capillary blood) b. Fasting serum BOHB and total ketones (venous blood) c. Diurnal capillary blood ketones and urinary loss of BOHB and total ketones 2) Energy Balance and Body Composition: a. Body mass (scale) b. Whole body and regional composition (DXA) c. Nitrogen balance (daily nitrogen intake - 24-hr urinary nitrogen loss) d. Resting energy expenditure and substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry) e. Adiposity (myocardial/epicardial fat, liver fat, visceral fat, skeletal muscle fat by MRI) f. Microbiome (stool collection to observe microbiota and the response to diet alteration) 3) Cognitive and Behavioral: a. Computer-based cognitive function (ANAM) b. Behavioral responses (surveys) 4) Cardio-Metabolic Risk: a. Metabolic panel b. Circulating lipid panel (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG) c. Glucose, insulin, HOMA

Being tested
Diet, Blood Draw, Ketone/Glucose Monitoring, Body Composition, Urine Analysis
Keywords
ketones, metabolism, weight loss
Medical subject headings
Weight Loss, Ketosis

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • DietOther

    The diet intervention will start after all baseline testing is complete

  • Blood DrawBiological

    Blood samples will be collected biweekly.

  • Ketone/Glucose MonitoringBiological

    Hand-held glucometer will be used daily to monitor dietary intervention adherence.

  • Body CompositionOther

    DEXA Scanning will be done pre-, mid-, and post- intervention.

  • Urine AnalysisBiological

    24 hour urine collection will be done biweekly.

  • Neuropsychological Measures - ANAMBehavioural

    The first cognitive assessment will be done via Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM). This cognitive battery is a library of computer-based tests of domains including attention, concentration, reaction time, memory, processing speed, decision-making, and executive function.

Study groups in NCT06449287
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Ketogenic DietExperimentalParticipants will have all their meals prepared in the Instructional Kitchen in the Ohio Union, irrespective of group assignment. They will receive a daily caloric intake equal to 75% of their estimated requirement to maintain weight, which should result in weight loss over the 6-week period. For those in the ketogenic groups, daily macronutrient intake will consist of 35 g of carbohydrates and moderate protein calculated as 1.5 g/kg of reference weight. The remaining caloric intake will consist of fat. A wide range of whole foods will be incorporated into the meals, including non-starchy vegetables, meats, nuts and seeds, oils, cheese, butter, cream, and eggs. The menu will be shared with participants prior to enrolling in the study so they know what to expect in terms of the meal plans.
Receives: Other: Diet; Biological: Blood Draw; Biological: Ketone/Glucose Monitoring; Other: Body Composition; Biological: Urine Analysis; Behavioral: Neuropsychological Measures - ANAM
Ketogenic Diet + Ketone SaltExperimentalParticipants will have all their meals prepared in the Instructional Kitchen in the Ohio Union, irrespective of group assignment. They will receive a daily caloric intake equal to 75% of their estimated requirement to maintain weight, which should result in weight loss over the 6-week period. For those in the ketogenic groups, daily macronutrient intake will consist of 35 g of carbohydrates and moderate protein calculated as 1.5 g/kg of reference weight. The remaining caloric intake will consist of fat. A wide range of whole foods will be incorporated into the meals, including non-starchy vegetables, meats, nuts and seeds, oils, cheese, butter, cream, and eggs. The menu will be shared with participants prior to enrolling in the study so they know what to expect in terms of the meal plans. This group will also be provided a ketone salt supplement to take x2 daily.
Receives: Other: Diet; Biological: Blood Draw; Biological: Ketone/Glucose Monitoring; Other: Body Composition; Biological: Urine Analysis; Behavioral: Neuropsychological Measures - ANAM
Low Fat Diet +PlaceboActive comparatorThe low-fat comparison group will also be provided all their food. Their diet will also be restricted in calories and have the same level of protein, but it will be lower in fat and higher in carbohydrate. The low-fat diet will consist of approximately 25% fat, with the remaining calories coming from carbohydrates (approximately 55% after accounting for protein at around 20%). Added sugars will be kept relatively low (less than 25 g/day) with a focus on unprocessed carbohydrate-rich foods. Saturated fat will be limited to less than 10% of total energy, with a focus on unsaturated fat sources.
Receives: Other: Diet; Biological: Blood Draw; Biological: Ketone/Glucose Monitoring; Other: Body Composition; Biological: Urine Analysis; Behavioral: Neuropsychological Measures - ANAM

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Daily Ketone/Glucose Monitoring

    Daily fasting glucose/ketones will be assessed using capillary finger stick lancing. A small drop of blood will be obtained once daily, while fasting, using enzymatic strips fitted for a handheld analyzer (KetoMojo). All the data will be stored in the device's internal memory.

    Measured: Up to 6 weeks

  2. Cholesterol (mg/dl)

    Fasting venous blood will be collected biweekly to measure cholesterol.

    Measured: up to six weeks

  3. Insulin (mIU/L)

    Fasting venous blood will be collected biweekly.

    Measured: up to six weeks

  4. Glucose (mg/dL)

    Fasting venous blood will be collected biweekly.

    Measured: up to six weeks

  5. Lean Mass (kg)

    DEXA Scanning will be biweekly to assess lean mass

    Measured: up to six weeks

  6. Fat Mass (kg)

    DEXA Scanning will be biweekly to assess fat mass

    Measured: up to six weeks

Secondary outcomes (4)
  1. Neuropsychological Outcome 1 - Reaction time (Throughput)

    The first cognitive assessment will be done via Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM). Measures SRT by presenting the user with a series of "*" symbols to which they must respond as quickly as possible each time the symbol appears. Results are measured by throughput.

    Measured: up to six weeks

  2. Neuropsychological Outcome 1 - Visual Short Term Memory (Throughput)

    The first cognitive assessment will be done via Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM). Measures verbal short-term memory by having the users memorize a set of characters and then indicate as single characters are presented on the screen whether the character was part of the memory set. Results are measured by throughput.

    Measured: up to six weeks

  3. Neuropsychological Outcome 1 - Spatial Processing (Throughput)

    The first cognitive assessment will be done via Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM). Measures visual spatial skills and mental rotation by having the users compare the equivalence of two 4-bar histograms, the first of which is displayed upright and the second of which is displayed after a 90° rotation either clockwise or counterclockwise. Results are measured by Throughput.

    Measured: up to six weeks

  4. Urine Chemistries

    24 hour urine will be collected biweekly and analyzed for urine chemistries

    Measured: up to 6 weeks

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted10 Jun 2024
  2. Study start5 Jul 2018
  3. Primary completion1 Mar 2019
  4. Study completion21 Aug 2019

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Double blind
Who is masked
Participant, Investigator
Enrolment
37 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06449287
Sponsor's protocol ID
2017H0395
Acronym
STAK
Status last verified
Dec 2024
First submitted
31 May 2024
Last updated
19 Dec 2024
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Kackley ML, Brownlow ML, Buga A, Crabtree CD, Sapper TN, O'Connor A, Volek JS. The effects of a 6-week controlled, hypocaloric ketogenic diet, with and without exogenous ketone salts, on cognitive performance and mood states in overweight and obese adults. Front Neurosci. 2022 Sep 30;16:971144. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.971144. eCollection 2022.

    PubMed 36248655
  • Belany P, Kackley ML, Zhao S, Kluwe B, Buga A, Crabtree CD, Nedungadi D, Kline D, Brock G, Simonetti OP, Volek JS, Joseph JJ. Effects of Hypocaloric Low-Fat, Ketogenic, and Ketogenic and Ketone Supplement Diets on Aldosterone and Renin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Jun 16;108(7):1727-1739. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad009.

    PubMed 36629058
  • Buga A, Kackley ML, Crabtree CD, Bedell TN, Robinson BT, Stoner JT, Decker DD, Hyde PN, LaFountain RA, Brownlow ML, O'Connor A, Krishnan D, McElroy CA, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS. Fasting and diurnal blood ketonemia and glycemia responses to a six-week, energy-controlled ketogenic diet, supplemented with racemic R/S-BHB salts. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2023 Apr;54:277-287. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.01.030. Epub 2023 Feb 4.

    PubMed 36963874

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Diet, Blood Draw and Ketone/Glucose Monitoring in people with Ketogenic Diet and Weight Loss, run by Ohio State University at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Dec 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Daily Ketone/Glucose Monitoring (time frame: Up to 6 weeks). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06449287, which also lists 3 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Dec 2024.

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