Medical EducationNCT06459479
Conversational AI Study
A study testing Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations in people with Medical Education, run by Stanford University.
Trial summary
This is a prospective, collaborative, mixed-methods study which includes anesthesiology trainees receiving one active intervention - a conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) simulation. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 18 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Medical Education
- What is being tested?
- Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 0 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2025to 31 Jul 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 18 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Hospital providers, including nurses, physician assistants, physicians, physician trainees, and other healthcare workers at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital (LPCH) and affiliated facilities who communicate with patients daily will be included
Who cannot join
- Participants with reported severe motion sickness
- Nausea
- Seizure disorder
- Currently using chronotropic heart medications, such as β blockers
About this study
Official title: Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations to Improve Non-Technical Skills Among Anesthesiology Trainees: A Prospective, Mixed-Methods Study
This is a prospective, collaborative, mixed-methods study which includes anesthesiology trainees receiving one active intervention - a conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) simulation. The goal is to explore the capability of AI to provide high-fidelity simulations that can ultimately improve how healthcare professionals handle difficult conversations such as disclosing medical errors or mistakes.
- Conditions
- Medical Education
- Being tested
- Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Conversational Artificial Intelligence SimulationsOther
Use of Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations generate medical scenario.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| AI Group | Experimental | Participant will be using OpenAI's ChatGPT4o's application. For the purposes of this medical error scenario, the CAI will have a standardized prompt to simulate an upset parent whose child recently had surgery in which there was a medical error involving a tooth injury from an intubation. Following a scripted briefing, simulation will be initiated. Receives: Other: Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Evaluate acceptance of Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations using Guided Discussion Interview Question Guide
Guided Discussion Interview Question Guide contains 6 questions focusing 3 areas including Attitudes and Opinions, Perceptions and Summation question. All the questions are open-ended questions.
Measured: Before simulation
Secondary outcomes (3)
Evaluation of Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations usability via the System Usability Scale (SUS)
Measured with the System Usability Scale (SUS). The scale has 10 items. Scores ranges from 1-5 (1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree)
Measured: Immediately after simulation
Evaluation of Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations usability via the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ-S).
UEQ-S, includes eight items (four from the pragmatic scales Efficiency, Perspicuity, Dependability, and four from the hedonic scales Stimulation and Novelty). Scores range from -3 (min) to 3 (max)
Measured: Immediately after simulation
Evaluation of the reliability of AI quantitative assessment of non-technical performance compared to expert human assessors
The Anaesthetist Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) tool previously published by Fletcher et al. translated in French. The ANTS scoring system uses four categories assessing task management, teamworking, situation awareness and decision-making (1 to 4 points by categories). The minimum score is 4 and the maximum 16
Measured: immediately after simulation
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Jun 2024
- Study start1 Aug 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion31 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Jul 2026 (estimated)
Why it stopped: The collaborator has no intention to initiate the study at this moment.
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Medical EducationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Stanford UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Stanford University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Thomas Caruso, Stanford University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06459479
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 75964
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 10 Jun 2024
- Last updated
- 29 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations to Improve Non-Technical Skills Among Anesthesiology Trainees: A Prospective, Mixed-Methods Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06459479
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 75964
- Conditions
- Medical Education
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- WithdrawnReason stopped: The collaborator has no intention to initiate the study at this moment.
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Stanford UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 31 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 14 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This is a prospective, collaborative, mixed-methods study which includes anesthesiology trainees receiving one active intervention - a conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) simulation. The goal is to explore the capability of AI to provide high-fidelity simulations that can ultimately improve how healthcare professionals handle difficult conversations such as disclosing medical errors or mistakes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| AI Group | Experimental | Other: Conversational Artificial Intelligence SimulationsParticipant will be using OpenAI's ChatGPT4o's application. For the purposes of this medical error scenario, the CAI will have a standardized prompt to simulate an upset parent whose child recently had surgery in which there was a medical error involving a tooth injury from an intubation. Following a scripted briefing, simulation will be initiated. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 18 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Hospital providers, including nurses, physician assistants, physicians, physician trainees, and other healthcare workers at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital (LPCH) and affiliated facilities who communicate with patients daily will be included
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Participants with reported severe motion sickness
- Nausea
- Seizure disorder
- Currently using chronotropic heart medications, such as β blockers
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Conversational Artificial Intelligence SimulationsUse of Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations generate medical scenario. | Other | AI Group |
Primary outcome
Evaluate acceptance of Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations using Guided Discussion Interview Question Guide
Time frame: Before simulation
Guided Discussion Interview Question Guide contains 6 questions focusing 3 areas including Attitudes and Opinions, Perceptions and Summation question. All the questions are open-ended questions.
3 secondary outcomes
Evaluation of Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations usability via the System Usability Scale (SUS)
Time frame: Immediately after simulation
Evaluation of Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations usability via the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ-S).
Time frame: Immediately after simulation
Evaluation of the reliability of AI quantitative assessment of non-technical performance compared to expert human assessors
Time frame: immediately after simulation
Results and safety
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Apr 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations in people with Medical Education, run by Stanford University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: withdrawn, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Evaluate acceptance of Conversational Artificial Intelligence Simulations using Guided Discussion Interview Question Guide (time frame: Before simulation). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Apr 2026.