Knee OsteoarthritisNCT06460168
Mulligan and Maitland Techniques in Post PRP Knee Osteoarthritis
A study testing Mulligan(MWM) MobilizationTechnique and Maitland Mobilization technique in people with Knee Osteoarthritis, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability nowadays. Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is typically the result of wear and tear and progressive loss of articular cartilage. It is most common in elderly people and can be divided into two types, primary and secondary. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 28 to 55 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- What is being tested?
- Mulligan(MWM) MobilizationTechnique and Maitland Mobilization technique
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 15 Dec 2024to 11 Jun 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 28 to 55 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age group 28-55 years
- Male and female
- Grade 2,3,4 of knee osteoarthritis
- Post PRP Osteoarthritic knee joints included
- After 1st month of Post PRP, patients will be included in study
Who cannot join
- History of surgery of the affected knee
- Infection
- Malignancy
- Non Osteoarthritic joints excluded
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects of Mulligan and Maitland Techniques on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in Post Prp Knee Osteoarthritis
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability nowadays. Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is typically the result of wear and tear and progressive loss of articular cartilage. It is most common in elderly people and can be divided into two types, primary and secondary. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product that contains a high concentration of platelets, specifically, 3 to 5 times that of normal blood. PRP contains a high concentration of autogenous growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β, which promote the proliferation of chondrocytes and the synthesis of the extracellular matrix. PRP is increasingly being used in the field of sports injury because of its simple preparation method, low cost, and high degree of safety A randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Ibne Sina Hospital,Multan. Non probability convenience sampling technique will be applied to enroll patients who will be allocated through computerized randomization into group A \& group B to collect data. Sample size will be 36. This will be allocated to three groups through lottery method. Group A will be given MWM and group B will be given Maitland techniques while Group C will receive only baseline treatment. The study will be completed within the time duration of ten months. Primary Outcome measures of the research will be Pain, Range of motion, functional status. Data will be analyzed using SPSS software version 25. After assessing normality of data by Shapiro-wilk test, it will be decided either parametric or non-parametric test will be used within a group or between two groups.
Read the detailed description
A study conducted since 2022 evaluated the comparative effects of muscle energy and mobilization with movement techniques for knee pain, Range of motion and functional disability in patients with knee Osteoarthritis.A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Physiotherapy Department of Bakhtawar Amin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Multan. Patients of age 40-60 years with active pain for more than 3 months diagnosed with Grade I, II and III of knee osteoarthritis by orthopedic surgeon according to Kellgren and Lawrence Scale and on basis of radiograph were included. Patients with knee osteoarthritis of grade IV, history of fracture dislocation or radiating pain were excluded. Sixty-eight (68) patients were equally divided in two groups Mulligan group and METs group. Pain intensity was 0.19 (p<0.01), WOMAC score was 0.007(p<0.01) Knee flexion was 0.110(P<0.995) and Knee extension deficit score was 0.087 (P<0.998). Coefficient alpha for with in group subject effect for pain, functional disability and knee flexion and extension deficit is (P≤0.05). Both techniques post isometric relaxation technique of METs and mobilization with movement technique of Mulligans significantly reduced pain, functional disability and symptoms .
Since 2022 conducted a study to find out find whether neuromuscular stimulation of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) in combination with Maitland's mobilization and exercises was more effective as compared to Maitland's mobilization with exercises alone in patients with knee OA. Sixty patients with knee OA were purposively selected and randomly distributed to two groups that received an intervention for eight weeks. Group A patients received Maitland's mobilization in combination with exercises and group B patients received the same intervention as group A in combination with neuromuscular stimulation of VMO muscle. Both groups showed significant (P<0.05) within-group improvement in the knee pain levels and stiffness as reflected by NPRS and WOMAC index.
Another study conducted in 2020 investigate the effectiveness of Mulligan's mobilization with movement (MWM) and Myofascial release on pain, range of motion and functional abilities in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A purposive sample of 30 patients from two major hospitals of Faisalabad was randomly divided into two treatment groups. Group A, received Mulligan's MWM and group B received Myofascial release. Electrotherapy and exercise program was the same for both groups. The interventional program was of two weeks (five days a week, once a day). lease were effective for knee osteoarthritis in terms of pain, range of motion, and for functional abilities. However, Mulligan's MWM produced more quick outcomes than Myofascial release.
One study conducted in 2019 study is to determine the outcome and efficacy of Mulligan's mobilization with movement (MWM) with Maitland mobilization along with conventional therapy in the patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). randomized controlled trial study was performed at the Department of Physiotherapy, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Sixty-two patients were selected for the study. MWM was introduced in half of the patients and Maitland mobilizations in the second half for 2 weeks.
- Conditions
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- Being tested
- Mulligan(MWM) MobilizationTechnique, Maitland Mobilization technique
- Keywords
- Knee joint, exercise, Mulligan exercise, Osteoarthritis, prp
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoarthritis, Knee, Motor Activity, Osteoarthritis, Insomnia, Fatal Familial
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Mulligan(MWM) MobilizationTechniqueOther
Mulligan Mobilization program in MWM , a therapist-applied pain free accessory gliding force combined with active movement.
No Of Sessions Per Week: 3 Per Weeks for 6 weeks (50 Min per Session) No of repetitions; 3 sets for 10 repetitions with 1 minute rest between sets.
Maitland Mobilization techniqueOther
will receive (Maitland mobilization program manipulative physiotherapy in which chain of oscillatory joint mobilization grades l-lV based on the pathological limit of tissue are used) In this, the exercises will be performed in 3 sets and 10 repetitions with 5-10s hold and 30s to 1min rest between repetitions.
No Of Sessions Per Week: 3 Per Weeks for 6 weeks (50 Min per Session)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mulligan(MWM) Technique | Experimental | Group of post prp knee osteoarthritis patients are given Mulligan (MWM) Mobilization technique Receives: Other: Mulligan(MWM) MobilizationTechnique |
| Maitland Technique | Active comparator | Patients are given Maitland Mobilization technique. Receives: Other: Maitland Mobilization technique |
| Baseline treatment | No intervention | This group are given baseline treatment. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Numeric Pain Rating scale(NPRS)
The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is used to assess pain. On an 11-point Numeric scale, 0 represents the least amount of pain (no pain) and 10 Represents the most amount of pain (worst pain)
Measured: 6 weeks
Range of motion(ROM)
It is frequently employed as a benchmark technique for the assessment of (ROM) as the main component of all joint motions. The range of mobility of a joint is measured using a device known as a goniometer. Goniometry is the art and science of measuring the joint ranges in every plane of the joint. Short arm and long arm versions of the universal goniometer are available. Goniometric measurements are highly reliable provided measurements are conducted by the same therapist. Knee ranges will be taken by a Universal Goniometer
Measured: 6 weeks
Functional disability
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a widely used, proprietary set of standardized questionnaires used by health professionals to evaluate the condition of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, including pain, stiffness, and physical functioning of the joints. It is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 24 items divided into 3 subscales: Pain (5 items): during walking, using stairs, in bed, sitting or lying, and standing upright. The test questions are scored on a scale of 0-4, which correspond to: None (0), Mild (1), Moderate (2), Severe (3), and Extreme (4). The scores for each subscale are summed up, with a possible score range of 0-20 for Pain, 0-8 for Stiffness, and 0-68 for Physical Function.
Measured: 6 week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Jun 2024
- Study start15 Dec 2024
- Primary completion1 Jun 2025
- Study completion11 Jun 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Knee OsteoarthritisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Muqaddas Shareef, DPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06460168
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/23/01102
- Status last verified
- Jul 2025
- First submitted
- 11 Jun 2024
- Last updated
- 4 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Burmester GR, Bijlsma JWJ, Cutolo M, McInnes IB. Managing rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases - past, present and future. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017 Jul;13(7):443-448. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.95. Epub 2017 Jun 15.
PubMed 28615732Yin P, Jiang Y, Fang X, Wang D, Li Y, Chen M, Deng H, Tang P, Zhang L. Cell-Based Therapies for Degenerative Musculoskeletal Diseases. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 Jul;10(21):e2207050. doi: 10.1002/advs.202207050. Epub 2023 May 18.
PubMed 37199688Shah S, Danda D, Kavadichanda C, Das S, Adarsh MB, Negi VS. Autoimmune and rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its treatment. Rheumatol Int. 2020 Oct;40(10):1539-1554. doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04639-9. Epub 2020 Jul 14.
PubMed 32666137Bruyere O, Honvo G, Veronese N, Arden NK, Branco J, Curtis EM, Al-Daghri NM, Herrero-Beaumont G, Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP, Rannou F, Rizzoli R, Roth R, Uebelhart D, Cooper C, Reginster JY. An updated algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019 Dec;49(3):337-350. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.04.008. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
PubMed 31126594Diez-Perez A, Brandi ML, Al-Daghri N, Branco JC, Bruyere O, Cavalli L, Cooper C, Cortet B, Dawson-Hughes B, Dimai HP, Gonnelli S, Hadji P, Halbout P, Kaufman JM, Kurth A, Locquet M, Maggi S, Matijevic R, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Thierry T. Radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry for the in-vivo assessment of bone strength: state of the art-outcomes of an expert consensus meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019 Oct;31(10):1375-1389. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01294-4. Epub 2019 Aug 17.
PubMed 31422565O'Connell NE, Smith KJ, Peterson MD, Ryan N, Liverani S, Anokye N, Victor C, Ryan JM. Incidence of osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases in adults with cerebral palsy: A population-based cohort study. Bone. 2019 Aug;125:30-35. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.05.007. Epub 2019 May 8.
PubMed 31075418Bonanni R, Cariati I, Tancredi V, Iundusi R, Gasbarra E, Tarantino U. Chronic Pain in Musculoskeletal Diseases: Do You Know Your Enemy? J Clin Med. 2022 May 6;11(9):2609. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092609.
PubMed 35566735
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Mulligan and Maitland Techniques on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in Post Prp Knee Osteoarthritis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06460168
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/23/01102
- Conditions
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- Keywords
- Knee joint, exercise, Mulligan exercise, Osteoarthritis, prp
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 11 Jun 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability nowadays. Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is typically the result of wear and tear and progressive loss of articular cartilage. It is most common in elderly people and can be divided into two types, primary and secondary. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product that contains a high concentration of platelets, specifically, 3 to 5 times that of normal blood. PRP contains a high concentration of autogenous growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β, which promote the proliferation of chondrocytes and the synthesis of the extracellular matrix. PRP is increasingly being used in the field of sports injury because of its simple preparation method, low cost, and high degree of safety A randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Ibne Sina Hospital,Multan. Non probability convenience sampling technique will be applied to enroll patients who will be allocated through computerized randomization into group A \& group B to collect data. Sample size will be 36. This will be allocated to three groups through lottery method. Group A will be given MWM and group B will be given Maitland techniques while Group C will receive only baseline treatment. The study will be completed within the time duration of ten months. Primary Outcome measures of the research will be Pain, Range of motion, functional status. Data will be analyzed using SPSS software version 25. After assessing normality of data by Shapiro-wilk test, it will be decided either parametric or non-parametric test will be used within a group or between two groups.
Detailed description
A study conducted since 2022 evaluated the comparative effects of muscle energy and mobilization with movement techniques for knee pain, Range of motion and functional disability in patients with knee Osteoarthritis.A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Physiotherapy Department of Bakhtawar Amin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Multan. Patients of age 40-60 years with active pain for more than 3 months diagnosed with Grade I, II and III of knee osteoarthritis by orthopedic surgeon according to Kellgren and Lawrence Scale and on basis of radiograph were included. Patients with knee osteoarthritis of grade IV, history of fracture dislocation or radiating pain were excluded. Sixty-eight (68) patients were equally divided in two groups Mulligan group and METs group. Pain intensity was 0.19 (p<0.01), WOMAC score was 0.007(p<0.01) Knee flexion was 0.110(P<0.995) and Knee extension deficit score was 0.087 (P<0.998). Coefficient alpha for with in group subject effect for pain, functional disability and knee flexion and extension deficit is (P≤0.05). Both techniques post isometric relaxation technique of METs and mobilization with movement technique of Mulligans significantly reduced pain, functional disability and symptoms .
Since 2022 conducted a study to find out find whether neuromuscular stimulation of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) in combination with Maitland's mobilization and exercises was more effective as compared to Maitland's mobilization with exercises alone in patients with knee OA. Sixty patients with knee OA were purposively selected and randomly distributed to two groups that received an intervention for eight weeks. Group A patients received Maitland's mobilization in combination with exercises and group B patients received the same intervention as group A in combination with neuromuscular stimulation of VMO muscle. Both groups showed significant (P<0.05) within-group improvement in the knee pain levels and stiffness as reflected by NPRS and WOMAC index.
Another study conducted in 2020 investigate the effectiveness of Mulligan's mobilization with movement (MWM) and Myofascial release on pain, range of motion and functional abilities in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A purposive sample of 30 patients from two major hospitals of Faisalabad was randomly divided into two treatment groups. Group A, received Mulligan's MWM and group B received Myofascial release. Electrotherapy and exercise program was the same for both groups. The interventional program was of two weeks (five days a week, once a day). lease were effective for knee osteoarthritis in terms of pain, range of motion, and for functional abilities. However, Mulligan's MWM produced more quick outcomes than Myofascial release.
One study conducted in 2019 study is to determine the outcome and efficacy of Mulligan's mobilization with movement (MWM) with Maitland mobilization along with conventional therapy in the patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). randomized controlled trial study was performed at the Department of Physiotherapy, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Sixty-two patients were selected for the study. MWM was introduced in half of the patients and Maitland mobilizations in the second half for 2 weeks.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mulligan(MWM) Technique | Experimental | Other: Mulligan(MWM) MobilizationTechniqueGroup of post prp knee osteoarthritis patients are given Mulligan (MWM) Mobilization technique |
| Maitland Technique | Active comparator | Other: Maitland Mobilization techniquePatients are given Maitland Mobilization technique. |
| Baseline treatment | No intervention | –This group are given baseline treatment. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 28 to 55 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Age group 28-55 years
- Male and female
- Grade 2,3,4 of knee osteoarthritis
- Post PRP Osteoarthritic knee joints included
- After 1st month of Post PRP, patients will be included in study
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- History of surgery of the affected knee
- Infection
- Malignancy
- Non Osteoarthritic joints excluded
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Mulligan(MWM) MobilizationTechniqueMulligan Mobilization program in MWM , a therapist-applied pain free accessory gliding force combined with active movement. No Of Sessions Per Week: 3 Per Weeks for 6 weeks (50 Min per Session) No of repetitions; 3 sets for 10 repetitions with 1 minute rest between sets. | Other | Mulligan(MWM) Technique |
| Maitland Mobilization techniquewill receive (Maitland mobilization program manipulative physiotherapy in which chain of oscillatory joint mobilization grades l-lV based on the pathological limit of tissue are used) In this, the exercises will be performed in 3 sets and 10 repetitions with 5-10s hold and 30s to 1min rest between repetitions. No Of Sessions Per Week: 3 Per Weeks for 6 weeks (50 Min per Session) | Other | Maitland Technique |
Primary outcome
Numeric Pain Rating scale(NPRS)
Time frame: 6 weeks
The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is used to assess pain. On an 11-point Numeric scale, 0 represents the least amount of pain (no pain) and 10 Represents the most amount of pain (worst pain)
Range of motion(ROM)
Time frame: 6 weeks
It is frequently employed as a benchmark technique for the assessment of (ROM) as the main component of all joint motions. The range of mobility of a joint is measured using a device known as a goniometer. Goniometry is the art and science of measuring the joint ranges in every plane of the joint. Short arm and long arm versions of the universal goniometer are available. Goniometric measurements are highly reliable provided measurements are conducted by the same therapist. Knee ranges will be taken by a Universal Goniometer
Functional disability
Time frame: 6 week
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a widely used, proprietary set of standardized questionnaires used by health professionals to evaluate the condition of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, including pain, stiffness, and physical functioning of the joints. It is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 24 items divided into 3 subscales: Pain (5 items): during walking, using stairs, in bed, sitting or lying, and standing upright. The test questions are scored on a scale of 0-4, which correspond to: None (0), Mild (1), Moderate (2), Severe (3), and Extreme (4). The scores for each subscale are summed up, with a possible score range of 0-20 for Pain, 0-8 for Stiffness, and 0-68 for Physical Function.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Jul 2025.
- Background: PubMed 28615732Burmester GR, Bijlsma JWJ, Cutolo M, McInnes IB. Managing rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases - past, present and future. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017 Jul;13(7):443-448. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.95. Epub 2017 Jun 15.
- Background: PubMed 37199688Yin P, Jiang Y, Fang X, Wang D, Li Y, Chen M, Deng H, Tang P, Zhang L. Cell-Based Therapies for Degenerative Musculoskeletal Diseases. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 Jul;10(21):e2207050. doi: 10.1002/advs.202207050. Epub 2023 May 18.
- Background: PubMed 32666137Shah S, Danda D, Kavadichanda C, Das S, Adarsh MB, Negi VS. Autoimmune and rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its treatment. Rheumatol Int. 2020 Oct;40(10):1539-1554. doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04639-9. Epub 2020 Jul 14.
- Background: PubMed 31126594Bruyere O, Honvo G, Veronese N, Arden NK, Branco J, Curtis EM, Al-Daghri NM, Herrero-Beaumont G, Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP, Rannou F, Rizzoli R, Roth R, Uebelhart D, Cooper C, Reginster JY. An updated algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019 Dec;49(3):337-350. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.04.008. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
- Background: PubMed 31422565Diez-Perez A, Brandi ML, Al-Daghri N, Branco JC, Bruyere O, Cavalli L, Cooper C, Cortet B, Dawson-Hughes B, Dimai HP, Gonnelli S, Hadji P, Halbout P, Kaufman JM, Kurth A, Locquet M, Maggi S, Matijevic R, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Thierry T. Radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry for the in-vivo assessment of bone strength: state of the art-outcomes of an expert consensus meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019 Oct;31(10):1375-1389. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01294-4. Epub 2019 Aug 17.
- Background: PubMed 31075418O'Connell NE, Smith KJ, Peterson MD, Ryan N, Liverani S, Anokye N, Victor C, Ryan JM. Incidence of osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases in adults with cerebral palsy: A population-based cohort study. Bone. 2019 Aug;125:30-35. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.05.007. Epub 2019 May 8.
- Background: PubMed 35566735Bonanni R, Cariati I, Tancredi V, Iundusi R, Gasbarra E, Tarantino U. Chronic Pain in Musculoskeletal Diseases: Do You Know Your Enemy? J Clin Med. 2022 May 6;11(9):2609. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092609.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Muqaddas Shareef, DPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Mulligan(MWM) MobilizationTechnique and Maitland Mobilization technique in people with Knee Osteoarthritis, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Numeric Pain Rating scale(NPRS) (time frame: 6 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06460168, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Jul 2025.