Physical DependenceNCT06468449
Strength Training on Muscle Power Output and Neuromuscular Adaptation Among China University Long Jump Athletes
A study testing Lower limb power output training and Force Combined Speed training in people with Physical Dependence, run by Rong Wenchao at 2 sites in China.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of optimal load strength training on the lower limb neuromuscular adaptation of athletes. An anatomical analysis of the vertical jump reveals three phases: the propulsion phase, the flight phase, and the landing phase. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Physical Dependence
- What is being tested?
- Lower limb power output training and Force Combined Speed training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 38 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesChina
- Study dates
- 5 Mar 2024to 5 Oct 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Aim for uniformity in various indicators to minimize errors caused by height, weight, and training experience differences.
- Aim for a 1RM/body weight ratio of around 2.
- Maintain normal diet and sleep patterns during the training period, and refrain from using supplements such as creatine and protein powder.
- Male university long jump athletes should be aged ≥18, and they should not have engaged in strength training 48 hours before the baseline testing.
Who cannot join
- Participants with various visceral diseases and abnormal liver or kidney function are excluded.
- Those with unhealthy habits are excluded.
- Participants with caffeine intake within 3 hours before testing are excluded.
- Individuals who have engaged in high-intensity resistance exercises within the past 24 hours are excluded.
- Those with lower limb joint injuries (open and closed) in the last 3 months are excluded.
- Participants with contraindications such as cardiovascular diseases, skin allergies, and hernia are excluded.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
China2 sites
YanShan university
Qinhuangdao, HeiBei, 066004
Rong Wenchao
Qinhuangdao, HeiBei, 066400
About this study
Official title: Effects of Optimal Load Strength Training on Muscle Power Output and Neuromuscular Adaptation During Takeoff Among China University Long Jump Athletes
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of optimal load strength training on the lower limb neuromuscular adaptation of athletes. An anatomical analysis of the vertical jump reveals three phases: the propulsion phase, the flight phase, and the landing phase.
This study is an 8-week randomized controlled trial. After selecting the participants, basic information such as height, weight, age, and years of training experience is collected. Subsequently, a maximal output power test for lower limb squatting is conducted. Participants are then randomly assigned to the speed group, power group, and strength group. The optimal power load for the power group is determined based on the participant maximal output power. Training plans are developed for the traditional group, power group, and strength group. Each training session is organized and supervised by a designated person. Surface electromyography, three-dimensional motion capture systems, and force platforms are used to collect electromyographic and kinetic data of participants during pre-test and post-test vertical jump actions. Electromyography evoked potential instruments and myotonometer are used to collect nerve signals of the tibial nerve (posterior calf) and muscle fiber dimension data of the rectus femoris before and after the experiment. Additionally, static full-range-of-motion vertical jump kinematics and kinetics data are collected before and after the experiment. To ensure the quality and validity of the intervention, the following controls are implemented during the experiment: first, communication with the participants to inform them of the purpose of the study and ensure adherence to the correct movement standards during testing; second, having a designated person responsible for resistance training during the experiment; third, using the same equipment and team for testing to maximize the controllability of the experiment process; fourth, providing verbal encouragement to participants during testing to maximize effort and minimize experimental errors. The aim is to determine the effects of optimal load strength training on improving the lower limb output power during the propulsion phase of the take-off stage in long jump athletes and the underlying neuromuscular adaptation mechanisms.
Read the detailed description
In this study, the experimental group conducted 8 weeks of maximum output power strength training, and the control group also conducted 8 weeks of explosive power training (strength combined with speed). The subjects trained twice a week, and each training was not based on time, but on the number of times multiplied by the number of groups. The training load in the 8-week strength training of the experimental group was the load weight corresponding to the maximum output power of the subjects, and the training load in the control group was between 70% and 85% of the maximum strength. In the control group, the entire cycle was divided into three stages, 1-2 weeks: Adaptation period; 3-5 weeks: Enhancement period; 6-8 weeks: Stabilization period; the experimental group had no period division. The equipment for strength training in both the experimental and control groups was the Smith rack. The experimental group used weighted half squat jumps, and the control group used weighted half squat jumps plus knee hug jumps.
- Conditions
- Physical Dependence
- Being tested
- Lower limb power output training, Force Combined Speed training
- Keywords
- Optimal load strength training;, neuromuscular adaptation;, long jumper, power output
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Lower limb power output trainingOther
Lower limb power output training content:
Half squat up squat: 70%1R (6 repetitions × 5sets) + 5 knees jumps × 5 sets with an interval of 90 seconds；
Force Combined Speed trainingOther
Lower limb Force Combined Speed training content:
Rapid half squat : Optimal load (6 sets × 7 repetitions). Rest intervals between sets range from 2 to 5 minutes.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group：power output | Experimental | by identifying the optimal load at which the athlete achieves the highest power output. The training program is then tailored based on these measurements, ensuring that the athlete trains at the load that maximizes their power output. This approach allows for more efficient and effective strength training, potentially leading to improved athletic performance. Throughout the training period, the VBT equipment continuously monitors the athlete's performance, providing real-time feedback and allowing for adjustments to the load as the athlete's strength and power improve. The goal is to enhance neuromuscular adaptations and optimize the athlete's power development, particularly during explosive movements like the vertical jump and long jump. Receives: Other: Lower limb power output training |
| Control Group:speed combined force | Experimental | Speed combined with strength training is designed to enhance the explosive power of long jumpers' lower limbs. This involves using maximum strength barbell squats and knee jumps to develop athletes' maximum strength and improve the speed of their neural contractions. Additionally, plyometric exercises and sprint drills are incorporated to further boost explosive power and coordination. This comprehensive training approach aims to optimize both the force and velocity aspects of power, leading to better overall performance in explosive movements critical for long jump success. Regular assessments and adjustments ensure that training loads are appropriate and effective for each athlete's progress. Receives: Other: Force Combined Speed training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation（Number of nerve impulses）
This includes the number of nerve impulses. Using wireless electromyography signal collection system
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Muscle adaptation indicators (Muscle cross-sectional area)
Muscle cross-sectional area assessment uses ultrasound to measure the cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris muscle fibers to assess muscle adaptation
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Sports performance indicators (Vertical jump speed )
This study used three-dimensional motion capture equipment and a test bench to test the vertical jump speed of athletes.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Sports performance indicators (Power output)
This study used three-dimensional motion capture equipment and a test bench to test the power output of athletes' lower limbs.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Sports performance indicators (Take-off height)
This study used three-dimensional motion capture equipment and a test bench to test the athletes' take-off height before and after the experiment.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation ( Nerve impulse frequency)
This includes nerve impulse frequency，Using wireless electromyography signal collection system
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation (M wave amplitude)
This includes the M wave amplitude，The test was performed using a potential evoked instrument.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation (H-max/ M-max)
This includes the H-max/ M-max. The test was performed using a potential evoked instrument. Among them, M-max refers to the average value of the first ten M-wave amplitude peaks. H-max refers to the maximum value of the H wave observed when the sensory nerve is stimulated at a frequency of 1Hz.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation （Nerve conduction velocity）
Nerve conduction velocity. The test was performed using a potential evoked instrument.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation （Latency of the H reflex）
Latency of the H reflex. The test was performed using a potential evoked instrument.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation （presynaptic inhibition）
This includes presynaptic inhibition. This value can only be obtained by processing the H reflex amplitude and the M wave amplitude. The presynaptic inhibition calculation formula is: Hmax1Hz = (Ave. H1:H10) / H1 PSI = Hmax1Hz / Mmax.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Jun 2024
- Study start5 Mar 2024
- Primary completion27 Sep 2024
- Study completion5 Oct 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Physical DependenceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Sequential
- Model description
- In this study, the experimental group performed optimal load strength training aimed at developing the maximum power output of long jumpers, while the control group performed traditional strength training aimed at developing the fast strength of long jumpers.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 38 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Rong Wenchao
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Rong Wenchao, Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Investigators
- wenchao rong, Ph.D, Principal investigator, Universiti Putra Malaysia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06468449
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024Y004
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 3 Jun 2024
- Last updated
- 5 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Since this is my doctoral thesis experiment, I won't share it until I graduate.
Publications
Sabido R, Hernandez-Davo JL, Botella J, Moya M. Effects of 4-Week Training Intervention with Unknown Loads on Power Output Performance and Throwing Velocity in Junior Team Handball Players. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 16;11(6):e0157648. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157648. eCollection 2016.
PubMed 27310598
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Optimal Load Strength Training on Muscle Power Output and Neuromuscular Adaptation During Takeoff Among China University Long Jump Athletes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06468449
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2024Y004
- Conditions
- Physical Dependence
- Keywords
- Optimal load strength training;, neuromuscular adaptation;, long jumper, power output
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 38 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Rong WenchaoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 27 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 Oct 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of optimal load strength training on the lower limb neuromuscular adaptation of athletes. An anatomical analysis of the vertical jump reveals three phases: the propulsion phase, the flight phase, and the landing phase.
This study is an 8-week randomized controlled trial. After selecting the participants, basic information such as height, weight, age, and years of training experience is collected. Subsequently, a maximal output power test for lower limb squatting is conducted. Participants are then randomly assigned to the speed group, power group, and strength group. The optimal power load for the power group is determined based on the participant maximal output power. Training plans are developed for the traditional group, power group, and strength group. Each training session is organized and supervised by a designated person. Surface electromyography, three-dimensional motion capture systems, and force platforms are used to collect electromyographic and kinetic data of participants during pre-test and post-test vertical jump actions. Electromyography evoked potential instruments and myotonometer are used to collect nerve signals of the tibial nerve (posterior calf) and muscle fiber dimension data of the rectus femoris before and after the experiment. Additionally, static full-range-of-motion vertical jump kinematics and kinetics data are collected before and after the experiment. To ensure the quality and validity of the intervention, the following controls are implemented during the experiment: first, communication with the participants to inform them of the purpose of the study and ensure adherence to the correct movement standards during testing; second, having a designated person responsible for resistance training during the experiment; third, using the same equipment and team for testing to maximize the controllability of the experiment process; fourth, providing verbal encouragement to participants during testing to maximize effort and minimize experimental errors. The aim is to determine the effects of optimal load strength training on improving the lower limb output power during the propulsion phase of the take-off stage in long jump athletes and the underlying neuromuscular adaptation mechanisms.
Detailed description
In this study, the experimental group conducted 8 weeks of maximum output power strength training, and the control group also conducted 8 weeks of explosive power training (strength combined with speed). The subjects trained twice a week, and each training was not based on time, but on the number of times multiplied by the number of groups. The training load in the 8-week strength training of the experimental group was the load weight corresponding to the maximum output power of the subjects, and the training load in the control group was between 70% and 85% of the maximum strength. In the control group, the entire cycle was divided into three stages, 1-2 weeks: Adaptation period; 3-5 weeks: Enhancement period; 6-8 weeks: Stabilization period; the experimental group had no period division. The equipment for strength training in both the experimental and control groups was the Smith rack. The experimental group used weighted half squat jumps, and the control group used weighted half squat jumps plus knee hug jumps.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Sequential
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- In this study, the experimental group performed optimal load strength training aimed at developing the maximum power output of long jumpers, while the control group performed traditional strength training aimed at developing the fast strength of long jumpers.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group：power output | Experimental | Other: Lower limb power output trainingby identifying the optimal load at which the athlete achieves the highest power output. The training program is then tailored based on these measurements, ensuring that the athlete trains at the load that maximizes their power output. This approach allows for more efficient and effective strength training, potentially leading to improved athletic performance. Throughout the training period, the VBT equipment continuously monitors the athlete's performance, providing real-time feedback and allowing for adjustments to the load as the athlete's strength and power improve. The goal is to enhance neuromuscular adaptations and optimize the athlete's power development, particularly during explosive movements like the vertical jump and long jump. |
| Control Group:speed combined force | Experimental | Other: Force Combined Speed trainingSpeed combined with strength training is designed to enhance the explosive power of long jumpers' lower limbs. This involves using maximum strength barbell squats and knee jumps to develop athletes' maximum strength and improve the speed of their neural contractions. Additionally, plyometric exercises and sprint drills are incorporated to further boost explosive power and coordination. This comprehensive training approach aims to optimize both the force and velocity aspects of power, leading to better overall performance in explosive movements critical for long jump success. Regular assessments and adjustments ensure that training loads are appropriate and effective for each athlete's progress. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Aim for uniformity in various indicators to minimize errors caused by height, weight, and training experience differences.
- Aim for a 1RM/body weight ratio of around 2.
- Maintain normal diet and sleep patterns during the training period, and refrain from using supplements such as creatine and protein powder.
- Male university long jump athletes should be aged ≥18, and they should not have engaged in strength training 48 hours before the baseline testing.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Participants with various visceral diseases and abnormal liver or kidney function are excluded.
- Those with unhealthy habits are excluded.
- Participants with caffeine intake within 3 hours before testing are excluded.
- Individuals who have engaged in high-intensity resistance exercises within the past 24 hours are excluded.
- Those with lower limb joint injuries (open and closed) in the last 3 months are excluded.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Lower limb power output trainingLower limb power output training content: Half squat up squat: 70%1R (6 repetitions × 5sets) + 5 knees jumps × 5 sets with an interval of 90 seconds； | Other | Experimental Group：power output |
| Force Combined Speed trainingLower limb Force Combined Speed training content: Rapid half squat : Optimal load (6 sets × 7 repetitions). Rest intervals between sets range from 2 to 5 minutes. | Other | Control Group:speed combined force |
Primary outcome
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation（Number of nerve impulses）
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
This includes the number of nerve impulses. Using wireless electromyography signal collection system
Muscle adaptation indicators (Muscle cross-sectional area)
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Muscle cross-sectional area assessment uses ultrasound to measure the cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris muscle fibers to assess muscle adaptation
Sports performance indicators (Vertical jump speed )
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
This study used three-dimensional motion capture equipment and a test bench to test the vertical jump speed of athletes.
Sports performance indicators (Power output)
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
This study used three-dimensional motion capture equipment and a test bench to test the power output of athletes' lower limbs.
Sports performance indicators (Take-off height)
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
This study used three-dimensional motion capture equipment and a test bench to test the athletes' take-off height before and after the experiment.
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation ( Nerve impulse frequency)
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
This includes nerve impulse frequency，Using wireless electromyography signal collection system
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation (M wave amplitude)
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
This includes the M wave amplitude，The test was performed using a potential evoked instrument.
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation (H-max/ M-max)
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
This includes the H-max/ M-max. The test was performed using a potential evoked instrument. Among them, M-max refers to the average value of the first ten M-wave amplitude peaks. H-max refers to the maximum value of the H wave observed when the sensory nerve is stimulated at a frequency of 1Hz.
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation （Nerve conduction velocity）
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Nerve conduction velocity. The test was performed using a potential evoked instrument.
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation （Latency of the H reflex）
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Latency of the H reflex. The test was performed using a potential evoked instrument.
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation （presynaptic inhibition）
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
This includes presynaptic inhibition. This value can only be obtained by processing the H reflex amplitude and the M wave amplitude. The presynaptic inhibition calculation formula is: Hmax1Hz = (Ave. H1:H10) / H1 PSI = Hmax1Hz / Mmax.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Mar 2025.
- Background: PubMed 27310598Sabido R, Hernandez-Davo JL, Botella J, Moya M. Effects of 4-Week Training Intervention with Unknown Loads on Power Output Performance and Throwing Velocity in Junior Team Handball Players. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 16;11(6):e0157648. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157648. eCollection 2016.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Since this is my doctoral thesis experiment, I won't share it until I graduate.
Related trials for Physical Dependence
RecruitingObservational study
Cannabis Abstinence and Neurocognitive Assessment in Adolescence
Cannabis Dependence, Harmful Use
RecruitingPhase 2
A Study of Cebranopadol for Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms in Adults With Chronic Pain
Chronic Pain, Pain
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Prevalence and Association of Dysfunctional Breathing With Nicotine Dependence and Physical Activity Among Young Smokers
Dysfunctional Breathing, Physical Activity
RecruitingObservational study
Structured Physical Exercise in Short-term Inpatient Treatment of Substance Use Disorder
Substance-Related Disorders, Drug Abuse
Recruiting
Balance Rehabilitation With Modified Visual Input in Patients With Neuropathy
Neuropathy, Ataxia
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
wenchao rong, Ph.D principal investigator
Universiti Putra Malaysia
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Lower limb power output training and Force Combined Speed training in people with Physical Dependence, run by Rong Wenchao at 2 sites in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Indicators of Neurological Adaptation（Number of nerve impulses） (time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks). The study lists 11 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06468449, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Mar 2025.