Motor ImageryNCT06502236
Motor Imagery Ability and Cervical Discogenic Pain
An observational study of Motor Imagery and Neck Pain, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Background: The purpose of the study was to examine the motor imagery ability and its association with pain, functional status, neck awareness and depression levels in individuals with cervical discogenic pain (CDP). Methods: Sixty individuals aged between 18-65 were included in the study. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Motor Imagery, Neck Pain, Disc Herniation
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 2 Jan 2024to 28 May 2024
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The present study was conducted with individuals aged 18 to 65 years with cervical disc herniation, who were suffered from neck pain lasting for at least 3 months, had a resting pain between 3-7 according to the Visual Analog Scale and could follow the instructions of a physiotherapist. All individuals initially diagnosed as cervical disc lesion either one level or multilevel lesions, as diagnosed by the neurologist and confirmed by MRI imaging. The individuals with disk degeneration without cervical disk herniation, cervical stenosis and cervical spondylosis were excluded.
Who may be able to join
- Aged 18 to 65 years with cervical disc herniation, who were suffered from neck pain lasting for at least 3 months,
- Had a resting pain between 3-7 according to the Visual Analog Scale;
- Could follow the instructions of a physiotherapist.
Who cannot join
- The individuals with disk degeneration without cervical disk herniation, cervical stenosis and cervical spondylosis were excluded.
- In addition, individuals who had a history of spinal tumor or head trauma, had a spinal deformity or congenital malformation, had a cervical instability and cervical artery dysfunction, underwent any cervical surgery in the preceding 6 months, musculoskeletal disorders and neuromuscular diseases in the upper extremity and shoulders (rotator cuff tear, very severe myofascial pain syndrome, cervical facet joint pain, carpal tunnel disease, etc.)
- Who were not able to follow the instructions of the therapist were excluded from the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Sarıkaya Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation High School
Yozgat, Sarıkaya, 66100
About this study
Official title: Motor Imagery Ability and Its Relationship With Pain, Functional Status, Neck Awareness and Depression Levels in Individuals With Cervical Discogenic Pain
Background: The purpose of the study was to examine the motor imagery ability and its association with pain, functional status, neck awareness and depression levels in individuals with cervical discogenic pain (CDP).
Methods: Sixty individuals aged between 18-65 were included in the study. Demographic data was recorded, pain and disability were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI), motor imagery ability using Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20) and mental chronometry. Grip strength, cervical muscle endurance, upper limbs functionality, neck awareness and depression levels were assessed using hydraulic hand dynamometer, cervical muscle endurance tests, Upper Extremity Functional Index-15 (UEFI-15), Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire (FreNAQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively.
Read the detailed description
Motor imagery (MI) is defined as the cognitive representation of a body movement without the actual movement. MI depends on both kinesthetic - which require sensory-motor knowledge- and visual strategies - which require visual knowledge of the movement imagined. Kinesthetic MI is the ability to visualize a movement simulation to perceive its direction, speed, and magnitude. This ability requires the activation of neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie the design and execution of voluntary movement. Visual motor imagery occurs through internal or external visual imagery. Internal visual imagery involves visualizing a movement from ones own perspective, while external visual imagery involves seeing a movement from a third persons perspective. Neuroimaging studies revealed that the parts of the brain activating during MI were similar to those which activate while a movement was actually performed. Therefore, activating joint and muscle receptors by MI may increase corticomotor excitability. Moreover, it was demonstrated that subcortical structures were activated through excitability of presynaptic interneurons by MI, i.e. without activating alpha-motor neurons. Activation through MI ensures continuity of movement and improves the quality of desired movements, playing a key role in enhancing motor function and performance.
Individuals with cervical disc pathologies exhibit a reduced fiber density along the corticospinal tract. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown increased activation in the primary motor and premotor cortices and a loss of activation in the sensory cortex. These changes are related to the severity of the disc pathology. Besides, it was reported that prolonged compression in the cervical spine might lead to atrophy in the sensorimotor cortex and thalamus, giving rise to a functional reorganization, usually result in maladaptive neuroplasticity. Chronic pain, a common finding in cervical disc pathologies, may affect the perception of painful body parts and MI performance, as well as impaired somatotopic representation. In addition to cortical changes, the gradual processing of stimuli by mirror neurons, which generate motor movements, is considered a significant component of learning by imitation and observation. This process forms an important part of MI and is thought to be impaired in individuals with chronic pain. They highlighted that evaluating the MI ability of an individual with chronic neck pain was important for revealing the mental imagery performance.
In individuals with chronic neck pain, it was revealed that the severity of pain and the functional and psychosocial problems caused by the pain, were related to executive functions and working memory. They discovered that MI depends on executive functions. Interference tasks significantly affect the timing of MI. Therefore, it is believed that pain-related symptoms will also negatively impact MI skills. In the literature, studies have demonstrated positive effects of MI training on pain, disability, and fear of movement in individuals with chronic pain. However, it is suggested that factors related to MI ability should be further investigated. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between MI ability and pain, functional status, neck awareness and depression levels in individuals with cervical discogenic pain (CDP).
- Conditions
- Motor Imagery, Neck Pain, Disc Herniation, Functional Status
- Keywords
- Awareness, Endurance, Functional Status, Motor Imagery, Neck, Pain
- Medical subject headings
- Neck Pain, Intervertebral Disc Displacement, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control Group | The present study was conducted with individuals aged 18 to 65 years with cervical disc herniation, who were suffered from neck pain lasting for at least 3 months, had a resting pain between 3-7 according to the "Visual Analog Scale" [4], and could follow the instructions of a physiotherapist. All individuals initially diagnosed as cervical disc lesion either one level or multilevel lesions, as diagnosed by the neurologist and confirmed by MRI imaging. The individuals with disk degeneration without cervical disk herniation, cervical stenosis and cervical spondylosis were excluded. In addition, individuals who had a history of spinal tumor or head trauma, had a spinal deformity or congenital malformation, had a cervical instability and cervical artery dysfunction, underwent any cervical surgery in the preceding 6 months, musculoskeletal disorders and neuromuscular diseases in the upper extremity and shoulders. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Assessment of Pain Severity
The 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) developed by Price et al., and The Neck Disability Index (NDI) developed by Vernon et al. were used to evaluate the pain severity and the disability related to neck. On the 10-cm VAS, the first notch is marked 0, and the last notch is marked 10. Zero means no pain, whereas 10 means the most severe pain.
Measured: February 2024
Assessment of Neck Disability
The Neck Disability Index (NDI) developed by Vernon et al. was used to evaluate the disability caused by chronic neck pain. Validated for reliability in Turkish by Aslan et al., the questionnaire is made up of 10 questions questioning the impact of neck pain on daily activities including personal care, concentration, working, driving and sleeping. Each question is rated between 0 and 5 with the maximum score being 50. 0 to 4 points means no disability, 5 to 14 points means mild disability, 14 to 24 points means moderate disability, 25 to 34 points means serious disability, 35 and above means complete disability, and 50 points means full disability .
Measured: February 2024
Assessment of Motor Imagery Ability
MI skills of the participants were evaluated with the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20) developed to determine the extent to which individuals can visualize and sense an imagined movement. Validated for reliability in Turkish by Dilek et al., the questionnaire included 20 movements measuring 10 visual and 10 kinesthetic imagery skills. To perform the assessment, first, the physiotherapist showed the required movement on their own body, and then asked the participant to repeat that movement physically once. Then the participants were asked to imagine the movement and rate the movement for how much it was felt based on its visual clarity. The overall score included the sum of separate scores of kinesthetic imagery skill and visual imagery skill and ranged between 20 and 100. Higher scores indicated higher clarity and intensity of sensation
Measured: February 2024
Secondary outcomes (7)
Assessment of Grip Strength
The grip strength of the individuals was evaluated by a hydraulic hand dynamometer (Baseline lite Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer, Fabrication Enterprises, NY, USA), and the result was noted in kilograms.
Measured: February 2024
Assessment of Muscular Endurance-Flexor
The endurance of the neck flexors of the participants were evaluated in the supine hooked position with the head placed 6 cm high. After taking the height below the head, the maximum time maintaining this position was noted in seconds. The 5-degree change in a goniometer following the vertical angle of the mandible was determined as the criterion for terminating the test
Measured: February 2024
Assessment of Muscular Endurance-Extensor
The neck extensor muscle endurance of the participants was evaluated by attaching a 2-kg weight using a 10-cm velcro at the C6 level in a prone position with the hands placed to both sides. The maximum duration of holding head in this position was recorded in seconds.
Measured: February 2024
Assessment of Muscular Endurance-Deep Flexor
Cervical deep flexor muscle endurance of the participants was evaluated in supine hooked position with the hands placed on the abdomen and the chin pulled in. The maximum time the participant could raise and hold their head about 2.5 cm high was noted.
Measured: February 2024
Assessment of Neck Awareness
Neck awareness levels of the participants were evaluated by the Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire (FreNAQ). Validated for reliability in Turkish by Onan et al., the questionnaire is made up of 9 questions measuring neck pain, attention and proprioceptive awareness. Each question is rated between 0 (Never/I never feel this way) and 4 (I always or usually feel this way). The overall score ranges between 0 to 36 with a higher score indicating poor neck awareness .
Measured: February 2024
Assessment of Upper Extremity Functionality
Upper extremity functionality of the participants was evaluated with the Upper Extremity Functional Index-15 (UEFI-15). Validated for reliability in Turkish by Aytar et al., the questionnaire includes 15 different activities that are frequently carried out in daily life. Individuals are asked to rate each activity by the level of difficulty performing it on a scoring system ranged from 0 (extremely difficult) to 4 (no difficulty). The overall score ranges between 0-100. Lower scores indicate poor upper extremity functionality
Measured: February 2024
Assessment of Depression Level
Depression levels of the participants were evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The participants were asked to answer 21 questions assessing depressive behaviors, rating them from 0 to 3. Validated for reliability in Turkish by Kapci et al., the questionnaire has an overall score range of 0 to 63 points. 0 to 12 points means minimal depression; 13 to 18 points, mild depression; 19 to 28 points, moderate depression; and 29 to 63 points, serious depression.
Measured: February 2024
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Jul 2024
- Study start2 Jan 2024
- Primary completion5 May 2024
- Study completion28 May 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Motor ImageryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Hacettepe UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, T Dere, Hacettepe University
- Investigators
- Tuğba Dere, MSc, Principal investigator, Yozgat Bozok University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06502236
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- MImagery
- Status last verified
- Jul 2024
- First submitted
- 7 Jul 2024
- Last updated
- 17 Jul 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ferreira-Valente MA, Pais-Ribeiro JL, Jensen MP. Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain. 2011 Oct;152(10):2399-2404. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.07.005.
PubMed 21856077undefined
Wang C, Laiwalla A, Salamon N, Ellingson BM, Holly LT. Compensatory brainstem functional and structural connectivity in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy by probabilistic tractography and functional MRI. Brain Res. 2020 Dec 15;1749:147129. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147129. Epub 2020 Sep 17.
PubMed 32950486Suica Z, Platteau-Waldmeier P, Koppel S, Schmidt-Trucksaess A, Ettlin T, Schuster-Amft C. Motor imagery ability assessments in four disciplines: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2018 Dec 14;8(12):e023439. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023439.
PubMed 30552265Javdaneh N, Molayei F, Kamranifraz N. Effect of adding motor imagery training to neck stabilization exercises on pain, disability and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic neck pain. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021 Feb;42:101263. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101263. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
PubMed 33276225Lebon F, Guillot A, Collet C. Increased muscle activation following motor imagery during the rehabilitation of the anterior cruciate ligament. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2012 Mar;37(1):45-51. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9175-9.
PubMed 22127572Dere T, Yurdakul G, Bugra Kilinc S, Alemdaroglu-Gurbuz I. Association Between Motor Imagery Ability and Pain, Functional Status, Neck Awareness, and Depression in Individuals with Chronic Neck Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025 Mar;31(2):23-29.
PubMed 39715569
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Jul 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Motor Imagery Ability and Its Relationship With Pain, Functional Status, Neck Awareness and Depression Levels in Individuals With Cervical Discogenic Pain
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06502236
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MImagery
- Conditions
- Motor Imagery, Neck Pain, Disc Herniation, Functional Status
- Keywords
- Awareness, Endurance, Functional Status, Motor Imagery, Neck, Pain
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 May 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 28 May 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background: The purpose of the study was to examine the motor imagery ability and its association with pain, functional status, neck awareness and depression levels in individuals with cervical discogenic pain (CDP).
Methods: Sixty individuals aged between 18-65 were included in the study. Demographic data was recorded, pain and disability were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI), motor imagery ability using Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20) and mental chronometry. Grip strength, cervical muscle endurance, upper limbs functionality, neck awareness and depression levels were assessed using hydraulic hand dynamometer, cervical muscle endurance tests, Upper Extremity Functional Index-15 (UEFI-15), Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire (FreNAQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively.
Detailed description
Motor imagery (MI) is defined as the cognitive representation of a body movement without the actual movement. MI depends on both kinesthetic - which require sensory-motor knowledge- and visual strategies - which require visual knowledge of the movement imagined. Kinesthetic MI is the ability to visualize a movement simulation to perceive its direction, speed, and magnitude. This ability requires the activation of neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie the design and execution of voluntary movement. Visual motor imagery occurs through internal or external visual imagery. Internal visual imagery involves visualizing a movement from ones own perspective, while external visual imagery involves seeing a movement from a third persons perspective. Neuroimaging studies revealed that the parts of the brain activating during MI were similar to those which activate while a movement was actually performed. Therefore, activating joint and muscle receptors by MI may increase corticomotor excitability. Moreover, it was demonstrated that subcortical structures were activated through excitability of presynaptic interneurons by MI, i.e. without activating alpha-motor neurons. Activation through MI ensures continuity of movement and improves the quality of desired movements, playing a key role in enhancing motor function and performance.
Individuals with cervical disc pathologies exhibit a reduced fiber density along the corticospinal tract. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown increased activation in the primary motor and premotor cortices and a loss of activation in the sensory cortex. These changes are related to the severity of the disc pathology. Besides, it was reported that prolonged compression in the cervical spine might lead to atrophy in the sensorimotor cortex and thalamus, giving rise to a functional reorganization, usually result in maladaptive neuroplasticity. Chronic pain, a common finding in cervical disc pathologies, may affect the perception of painful body parts and MI performance, as well as impaired somatotopic representation. In addition to cortical changes, the gradual processing of stimuli by mirror neurons, which generate motor movements, is considered a significant component of learning by imitation and observation. This process forms an important part of MI and is thought to be impaired in individuals with chronic pain. They highlighted that evaluating the MI ability of an individual with chronic neck pain was important for revealing the mental imagery performance.
In individuals with chronic neck pain, it was revealed that the severity of pain and the functional and psychosocial problems caused by the pain, were related to executive functions and working memory. They discovered that MI depends on executive functions. Interference tasks significantly affect the timing of MI. Therefore, it is believed that pain-related symptoms will also negatively impact MI skills. In the literature, studies have demonstrated positive effects of MI training on pain, disability, and fear of movement in individuals with chronic pain. However, it is suggested that factors related to MI ability should be further investigated. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between MI ability and pain, functional status, neck awareness and depression levels in individuals with cervical discogenic pain (CDP).
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control Group | – | –The present study was conducted with individuals aged 18 to 65 years with cervical disc herniation, who were suffered from neck pain lasting for at least 3 months, had a resting pain between 3-7 according to the "Visual Analog Scale" [4], and could follow the instructions of a physiotherapist. All individuals initially diagnosed as cervical disc lesion either one level or multilevel lesions, as diagnosed by the neurologist and confirmed by MRI imaging. The individuals with disk degeneration without cervical disk herniation, cervical stenosis and cervical spondylosis were excluded. In addition, individuals who had a history of spinal tumor or head trauma, had a spinal deformity or congenital malformation, had a cervical instability and cervical artery dysfunction, underwent any cervical surgery in the preceding 6 months, musculoskeletal disorders and neuromuscular diseases in the upper extremity and shoulders. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The present study was conducted with individuals aged 18 to 65 years with cervical disc herniation, who were suffered from neck pain lasting for at least 3 months, had a resting pain between 3-7 according to the Visual Analog Scale and could follow the instructions of a physiotherapist. All individuals initially diagnosed as cervical disc lesion either one level or multilevel lesions, as diagnosed by the neurologist and confirmed by MRI imaging. The individuals with disk degeneration without cervical disk herniation, cervical stenosis and cervical spondylosis were excluded.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Aged 18 to 65 years with cervical disc herniation, who were suffered from neck pain lasting for at least 3 months,
- Had a resting pain between 3-7 according to the Visual Analog Scale;
- Could follow the instructions of a physiotherapist.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- The individuals with disk degeneration without cervical disk herniation, cervical stenosis and cervical spondylosis were excluded.
- In addition, individuals who had a history of spinal tumor or head trauma, had a spinal deformity or congenital malformation, had a cervical instability and cervical artery dysfunction, underwent any cervical surgery in the preceding 6 months, musculoskeletal disorders and neuromuscular diseases in the upper extremity and shoulders (rotator cuff tear, very severe myofascial pain syndrome, cervical facet joint pain, carpal tunnel disease, etc.)
- Who were not able to follow the instructions of the therapist were excluded from the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Assessment of Pain Severity
Time frame: February 2024
The 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) developed by Price et al., and The Neck Disability Index (NDI) developed by Vernon et al. were used to evaluate the pain severity and the disability related to neck. On the 10-cm VAS, the first notch is marked 0, and the last notch is marked 10. Zero means no pain, whereas 10 means the most severe pain.
Assessment of Neck Disability
Time frame: February 2024
The Neck Disability Index (NDI) developed by Vernon et al. was used to evaluate the disability caused by chronic neck pain. Validated for reliability in Turkish by Aslan et al., the questionnaire is made up of 10 questions questioning the impact of neck pain on daily activities including personal care, concentration, working, driving and sleeping. Each question is rated between 0 and 5 with the maximum score being 50. 0 to 4 points means no disability, 5 to 14 points means mild disability, 14 to 24 points means moderate disability, 25 to 34 points means serious disability, 35 and above means complete disability, and 50 points means full disability .
Assessment of Motor Imagery Ability
Time frame: February 2024
MI skills of the participants were evaluated with the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20) developed to determine the extent to which individuals can visualize and sense an imagined movement. Validated for reliability in Turkish by Dilek et al., the questionnaire included 20 movements measuring 10 visual and 10 kinesthetic imagery skills. To perform the assessment, first, the physiotherapist showed the required movement on their own body, and then asked the participant to repeat that movement physically once. Then the participants were asked to imagine the movement and rate the movement for how much it was felt based on its visual clarity. The overall score included the sum of separate scores of kinesthetic imagery skill and visual imagery skill and ranged between 20 and 100. Higher scores indicated higher clarity and intensity of sensation
7 secondary outcomes
Assessment of Grip Strength
Time frame: February 2024
Assessment of Muscular Endurance-Flexor
Time frame: February 2024
Assessment of Muscular Endurance-Extensor
Time frame: February 2024
Assessment of Muscular Endurance-Deep Flexor
Time frame: February 2024
Assessment of Neck Awareness
Time frame: February 2024
Assessment of Upper Extremity Functionality
Time frame: February 2024
Assessment of Depression Level
Time frame: February 2024
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Jul 2024.
- Background: PubMed 21856077Ferreira-Valente MA, Pais-Ribeiro JL, Jensen MP. Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain. 2011 Oct;152(10):2399-2404. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.07.005.
- Backgroundundefined
- Results publication: PubMed 32950486Wang C, Laiwalla A, Salamon N, Ellingson BM, Holly LT. Compensatory brainstem functional and structural connectivity in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy by probabilistic tractography and functional MRI. Brain Res. 2020 Dec 15;1749:147129. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147129. Epub 2020 Sep 17.
- Results publication: PubMed 30552265Suica Z, Platteau-Waldmeier P, Koppel S, Schmidt-Trucksaess A, Ettlin T, Schuster-Amft C. Motor imagery ability assessments in four disciplines: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2018 Dec 14;8(12):e023439. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023439.
- Results publication: PubMed 33276225Javdaneh N, Molayei F, Kamranifraz N. Effect of adding motor imagery training to neck stabilization exercises on pain, disability and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic neck pain. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021 Feb;42:101263. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101263. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
- Results publication: PubMed 22127572Lebon F, Guillot A, Collet C. Increased muscle activation following motor imagery during the rehabilitation of the anterior cruciate ligament. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2012 Mar;37(1):45-51. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9175-9.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39715569Dere T, Yurdakul G, Bugra Kilinc S, Alemdaroglu-Gurbuz I. Association Between Motor Imagery Ability and Pain, Functional Status, Neck Awareness, and Depression in Individuals with Chronic Neck Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025 Mar;31(2):23-29.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Tuğba Dere, MSc principal investigator
Yozgat Bozok University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Motor Imagery and Neck Pain, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Jul 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Assessment of Pain Severity (time frame: February 2024). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06502236, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Jul 2024.