AzTrials
AzTrials

Emergency Medical ServicesERAD-ESANCT06645288

The Evaluation of Training an Emergency Reflex Action Drill in the Emergency Surgical Airway in Dutch Paramedics

An observational study of Emergency Medical Services and Airway Management, run by Erasmus Medical Center at 1 site in Netherlands.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the effects of training an Emergency Reflex Action Drill (ERAD) for Emergency Surgical Airway (ESA) in Dutch paramedics. The main question it aims to answer is: Does training an ERAD improves self-confidence in performing an ESA in Dutch paramedics Participants… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 16 years and older
What is being tested?
Emergency Reflex Action Drill
How many people
84 participants
Where
1 siteNetherlands
Study dates
9 Sep 2024to 30 Mar 2026
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 16 years and older
  • All sexes
  • Child, Adult, Older adult

Study population: The study will include Dutch paramedics attending a course. Dutch paramedics are all registered nurses with a background in Intensive Care, Anaesthesiology or Emergency Care. EMS training comprises an additional nine months of training and assessments, to be concluded with a final exam. Also, ambulance drivers of ambulances providing advanced life support (excluding medium care ambulances) who participate in the course are eligible to participate due to their supporting role in airway management.

Who may be able to join

  • Registered Dutch paramedic
  • Ambulance driver on Advanced Life Support Ambulance
  • Participant in the two-day trauma course.

Who cannot join

  • Medium care ambulance paramedic

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Netherlands1 site

  • Academie van Ambulancezorg

    Harderwijk, Gelderland, 3847 LG

Other trials in Netherlands

About this study

Official title: The Use of an Emergency Reflex Action Drill in Emergency Surgical Airway

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the effects of training an Emergency Reflex Action Drill (ERAD) for Emergency Surgical Airway (ESA) in Dutch paramedics. The main question it aims to answer is:

  • Does training an ERAD improves self-confidence in performing an ESA in Dutch paramedics Participants will fill out a questionnaire directly before and after the training. To investigate long-term effects, they will be asked to fill out a questionnaire after 2 till 3 months and after one year.
Being tested
Emergency Reflex Action Drill
Keywords
Emergency Reflex Action Drill, Emergency Surgical Airway, Emergency Medical Services, Prehospital, Cricothyrotomy, Coniotomy, Porcine model, 3D model, Self-confidence

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Emergency Reflex Action DrillOther

    Emergency Reflex Action Drill in performing Emergency Surgical Airway

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Self-confidence

    Increase/decrease/no difference in self-confidence from baseline, assessed by a five-point Likert-scale of paramedics in performing an Emergency Surgical Airway

    Measured: Baseline, pre-training up to immediately after the training

Secondary outcomes (2)

  1. Training model

    Difference in effect on self-confidence between two training models used during the ESA-ERAD training, assessed by a five-point Likert-scale.

    Measured: Immediately after the training

  2. Self-confidence real life cases

    Increase/decrease/no difference in self-confidence assessed by a five-point Likert-scale and correctly placed emergency surgical airway in real-life cases reported by paramedics at any time point after the ESA-ERAD training, up to an average of 1 year

    Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted16 Oct 2024
  2. Study start9 Sep 2024
  3. Primary completion30 Mar 2026
  4. Study completion30 Mar 2026

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrolment
84 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06645288
Sponsor's protocol ID
MEC-2024-0388
Acronym
ERAD-ESA
Status last verified
Oct 2024
First submitted
11 Oct 2024
Last updated
6 Apr 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices).

Publications

  • Unver V, Basak T, Watts P, Gaioso V, Moss J, Tastan S, Iyigun E, Tosun N. The reliability and validity of three questionnaires: The Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale, Simulation Design Scale, and Educational Practices Questionnaire. Contemp Nurse. 2017 Feb;53(1):60-74. doi: 10.1080/10376178.2017.1282319. Epub 2017 Feb 10.

    PubMed 28084900

  • Armstrong L, Harding F, Critchley J, McNarry AF, Myatra SN, Cooper R, Baker PA; World Airway Management Meeting 2015 Education Group. An international survey of airway management education in 61 countriesdagger. Br J Anaesth. 2020 Jul;125(1):e54-e60. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.04.051. Epub 2020 May 20.

    PubMed 32444066

  • Iverson K, Riojas R, Sharon D, Hall AB. Objective comparison of animal training versus artificial simulation for initial cricothyroidotomy training. Am Surg. 2015 May;81(5):515-8.

    PubMed 25975338

  • Gustafson ML, Hensley B, Dotson M, Broce M, Tager A. Comparison of Manikin Versus Porcine Trachea Models When Teaching Emergent Cricothyroidotomy Among Emergency Medicine Residents. AEM Educ Train. 2019 Apr 7;3(3):280-285. doi: 10.1002/aet2.10333. eCollection 2019 Jul.

    PubMed 31360821

  • Cho J, Kang GH, Kim EC, Oh YM, Choi HJ, Im TH, Yang JH, Cho YS, Chung HS. Comparison of manikin versus porcine models in cricothyrotomy procedure training. Emerg Med J. 2008 Nov;25(11):732-4. doi: 10.1136/emj.2008.059014.

    PubMed 18955605

  • Warren JN, Luctkar-Flude M, Godfrey C, Lukewich J. A systematic review of the effectiveness of simulation-based education on satisfaction and learning outcomes in nurse practitioner programs. Nurse Educ Today. 2016 Nov;46:99-108. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.08.023. Epub 2016 Aug 25.

    PubMed 27621199

  • Jabaay MJ, Marotta DA, Aita SL, Walker DB, Grcevich LO, Camba V, Nolin JR, Lyons J, Giannini J Jr. Medical Simulation-Based Learning Outcomes in Pre-Clinical Medical Education. Cureus. 2020 Dec 3;12(12):e11875. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11875.

    PubMed 33415028

  • Chan CH, Chan TN, Yuen MC, Tung WK. Evaluation of a simulation-based workshop on clinical performance for emergency physicians and nurses. World J Emerg Med. 2015;6(1):16-22. doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.01.003.

    PubMed 25802561

  • Morton S, Avery P, Kua J, O'Meara M. Success rate of prehospital emergency front-of-neck access (FONA): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2023 May;130(5):636-644. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.01.022. Epub 2023 Feb 28.

    PubMed 36858888

  • Zink N, Merelman A, Fisher AD, Lauria MJ. Emergency Reflex Action Drills and the Problem with Stress. J Spec Oper Med. 2023 Mar 15;23(1):54-58. doi: 10.55460/RCF2-CXS9.

    PubMed 36764288

  • Smith JE, Rickard A, Wise D. Traumatic cardiac arrest. J R Soc Med. 2015 Jan;108(1):11-6. doi: 10.1177/0141076814560837.

    PubMed 25572990

  • Burns KJ, Robinson K, Lowe EG. Evaluation of responses of an air medical helicopter program during a comprehensive emergency response drill. Air Med J. 2007 May-Jun;26(3):139-43. doi: 10.1016/j.amj.2006.08.009.

    PubMed 17467567

  • Anderson NE, Gott M, Slark J. Beyond prognostication: ambulance personnel's lived experiences of cardiac arrest decision-making. Emerg Med J. 2018 Apr;35(4):208-213. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2017-206743. Epub 2018 Jan 5.

    PubMed 29305380

  • Chrimes N. The Vortex: a universal 'high-acuity implementation tool' for emergency airway management. Br J Anaesth. 2016 Sep;117 Suppl 1:i20-i27. doi: 10.1093/bja/aew175. Epub 2016 Jul 20.

    PubMed 27440673

  • Reardon RF, Robinson AE, Kornas R, Ho JD, Anzalone B, Carlson J, Levy M, Driver B. Prehospital Surgical Airway Management: An NAEMSP Position Statement and Resource Document. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2022;26(sup1):96-101. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2021.1995552.

    PubMed 35001821

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Emergency Medical Services and Airway Management, run by Erasmus Medical Center at 1 site in Netherlands.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Netherlands. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Self-confidence (time frame: Baseline, pre-training up to immediately after the training). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06645288, which also lists 20 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Apr 2026.

AzTrials uses cookies for analytics and advertising. You can accept or reject them; the site works either way. Privacy Policy.

Free account

Log in to keep searching

You’ve used your 3 free searches. AzTrials is free: log in or create a free account to keep searching clinical trials and save the ones you want to follow.

Create a free accountLog in