Sports Physical TherapyNCT06661226
Acceleration Drills and Change in Direction Drills on Agility, Speed and Performance in Squash Players
A study testing Accleration drills and Change in Direction Drills in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Squash match play is characterized by fast and frenetic movements, making the development of agility and speed crucial for players. The majority of movements in squash involve only 2 or 3 steps, emphasizing the need for quick and explosive movement execution. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Physical Therapy
- What is being tested?
- Accleration drills and Change in Direction Drills
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 28 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 1 Apr 2024to 30 Sep 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age between 18 - 30.
- Only male players will be included.
- Players actively playing from last one year.
- Consistent play at a B/C or higher league level (adjust based on local/national ranking system)
Who cannot join
- Non-athletic population.
- History of recent injuries or medical conditions that would contra-indicate training.
- Players with any musculoskeletal injury.
- Players with any spine related issues.
- Players with shoulder pathology.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects of Acceleration Drills and Change in Direction Drills on Agility, Speed and Performance in Squash Players
Squash match play is characterized by fast and frenetic movements, making the development of agility and speed crucial for players. The majority of movements in squash involve only 2 or 3 steps, emphasizing the need for quick and explosive movement execution.
It is a randomized clinical trial with non-probability convenience sampling technique. The sample size of the study is 28. It will be conducted in Punjab Squash Association in Lahore within 6 months after approval of synopsis. Group A will receive acceleration drills in 15-minute sessions for 6 weeks. 3-5 days per week with moderate to high intensity. Group B will receive change in direction drills (15-minute sessions) for 6 weeks, 3-5 times a week, with moderate to high intensity. The collected data will be analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0. If data will be normally distributed, then parametric; if not normally distributed, then non-parametric.
The aim of the study is to compare the effects of acceleration drills versus change in direction drills on agility, speed, and performance in squash players.
Read the detailed description
The objective of my study is to determine comparative effects of acceleration drills and change in direction drills on agility, speed, and performance in squash players.
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Being tested
- Accleration drills, Change in Direction Drills
- Keywords
- Acceleration Drills, Agility Training, Change in Direction Drills, Squash
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Accleration drillsOther
14 participants will be in experimental group A, giving them acceleration drill protocol for six weeks. Measure all values before giving them protocol and after protocol.
Change in Direction DrillsOther
14 participants will be in experimental group B, giving them Change in direction drill protocol for six weeks. Measure all values before giving them protocol and after protocol.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Acceleration Drills | Experimental | 14 participants will be in experimental group A, giving them acceleration drill protocol for six weeks. Measure all values before giving them protocol and after protocol. Receives: Other: Accleration drills |
| Change in Direction Drills | Experimental | 14 participants will be in experimental group B, giving them Change in direction drill protocol for six weeks. Measure all values before giving them protocol and after protocol. Receives: Other: Change in Direction Drills |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Illinois agility test
Illinois agility test is used to test running agility using various turns and movements Participants should lie on their front and hands by their shoulders. On the 'Go' command, the stopwatch is started, and the athlete gets up as quickly as possible and runs forwards ten meters to run around a cone, then back ten meters, then runs up and back through a slalom course of four cones. Finally, the athlete runs another ten meters up and back past the finishing cone, at which the timing is stopped.
Measured: Time Frame 6 weeks
Sprint for speed
The twenty meter sprint test used to evaluate the sprints. This test starts from the starting line with a standing position. Participants ran twenty meters as fast as possible. Time is evaluated for five, ten, fifteen and twenty meters. Record time in seconds. The faster the time, the better the speed.
Measured: Time Frame 6 weeks
Vertical jump test
It is a standard test for measuring athletic performance. The athlete stands side on to a wall and reaches up with the hand closest to the wall. Keeping the feet flat on the ground, the point of the fingertips is marked or recorded. This is called the standing reach height. The athlete then stands away from the wall, and leaps vertically as high as possible using both arms and legs to assist in projecting the body upwards. Attempt to touch the wall at the highest point of the jump. The difference in distance between the standing reach height and the jump height is the score. The best of three attempts is recorded.
Measured: Time Frame 6 weeks
Squat One-repetition maximum (1RM) Test
The One-repetition maximum test is considered as the 'gold standard' for assessing the strength capacity of individuals in non-laboratory environments. One-repetition maximum is a measure of the maximal weight a subject can lift with one repetition.
Measured: Time Frame 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Oct 2024
- Study start1 Apr 2024
- Primary completion1 Aug 2024
- Study completion30 Sep 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sports Physical TherapyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Aamir Gul Memon, MS, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06661226
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0408
- Status last verified
- Oct 2024
- First submitted
- 24 Oct 2024
- Last updated
- 30 Oct 2024
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Loturco I, A Pereira L, T Freitas T, E Alcaraz P, Zanetti V, Bishop C, Jeffreys I. Maximum acceleration performance of professional soccer players in linear sprints: Is there a direct connection with change-of-direction ability? PLoS One. 2019 May 14;14(5):e0216806. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216806. eCollection 2019.
PubMed 31086386McBride JM, Blow D, Kirby TJ, Haines TL, Dayne AM, Triplett NT. Relationship between maximal squat strength and five, ten, and forty yard sprint times. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Sep;23(6):1633-6. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b2b8aa.
PubMed 19675504Ziv G, Lidor R. Vertical jump in female and male basketball players--a review of observational and experimental studies. J Sci Med Sport. 2010 May;13(3):332-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.02.009. Epub 2009 May 13.
PubMed 19443269Williams BK, Sanders RH, Ryu JH, Graham-Smith P, Sinclair PJ. The kinematic differences between accurate and inaccurate squash forehand drives for athletes of different skill levels. J Sports Sci. 2020 May;38(10):1115-1123. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1742971. Epub 2020 Mar 29.
PubMed 32223529Chandra S, Sharma A, Malhotra N, Rizvi MR, Kumari S. Effects of Plyometric Training on the Agility, Speed, and Explosive Power of Male Collegiate Badminton Players. J Lifestyle Med. 2023 Feb 28;13(1):52-58. doi: 10.15280/jlm.2023.13.1.52.
PubMed 37250280Gabbett TJ, Sheppard JM, Pritchard-Peschek KR, Leveritt MD, Aldred MJ. Influence of closed skill and open skill warm-ups on the performance of speed, change of direction speed, vertical jump, and reactive agility in team sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Sep;22(5):1413-5. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181739ecd.
PubMed 18714250Paul DJ, Gabbett TJ, Nassis GP. Agility in Team Sports: Testing, Training and Factors Affecting Performance. Sports Med. 2016 Mar;46(3):421-42. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0428-2.
PubMed 26670456Lockie RG, Post BK, Dawes JJ. Physical Qualities Pertaining to Shorter and Longer Change-of-Direction Speed Test Performance in Men and Women. Sports (Basel). 2019 Feb 16;7(2):45. doi: 10.3390/sports7020045.
PubMed 30781530Girard O, Micallef JP, Noual J, Millet GP. Alteration of neuromuscular function in squash. J Sci Med Sport. 2010 Jan;13(1):172-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2008.11.002. Epub 2009 Feb 23.
PubMed 19231287James C, Dhawan A, Jones T, Pok C, Yeo V, Girard O. Minimal Agreement between Internal and External Training Load Metrics across a 2-wk Training Microcycle in Elite Squash. J Sports Sci Med. 2021 Mar 1;20(1):101-109. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2021.101. eCollection 2021 Mar.
PubMed 33707993James C, Jones T, Farra S. Physiological and Performance Correlates of Squash Physical Performance. J Sports Sci Med. 2022 Feb 15;21(1):82-90. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2022.82. eCollection 2022 Mar.
PubMed 35250337McKay AKA, Stellingwerff T, Smith ES, Martin DT, Mujika I, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Sheppard J, Burke LM. Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022 Feb 1;17(2):317-331. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0451. Epub 2022 Dec 29.
PubMed 34965513James C, Dhawan A, Jones T, Girard O. Quantifying Training Demands of a 2-Week In-Season Squash Microcycle. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021 Jun 1;16(6):779-786. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0306. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
PubMed 33547264Fernandez-Fernandez J, Garcia-Tormo V, Santos-Rosa FJ, Teixeira AS, Nakamura FY, Granacher U, Sanz-Rivas D. The Effect of a Neuromuscular vs. Dynamic Warm-up on Physical Performance in Young Tennis Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Oct;34(10):2776-2784. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003703.
PubMed 32986392Ventura Comes A, Sanchez-Oliver AJ, Martinez-Sanz JM, Dominguez R. Analysis of Nutritional Supplements Consumption by Squash Players. Nutrients. 2018 Sep 20;10(10):1341. doi: 10.3390/nu10101341.
PubMed 30241327
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Oct 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Acceleration Drills and Change in Direction Drills on Agility, Speed and Performance in Squash Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06661226
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0408
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- Acceleration Drills, Agility Training, Change in Direction Drills, Squash
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Oct 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Squash match play is characterized by fast and frenetic movements, making the development of agility and speed crucial for players. The majority of movements in squash involve only 2 or 3 steps, emphasizing the need for quick and explosive movement execution.
It is a randomized clinical trial with non-probability convenience sampling technique. The sample size of the study is 28. It will be conducted in Punjab Squash Association in Lahore within 6 months after approval of synopsis. Group A will receive acceleration drills in 15-minute sessions for 6 weeks. 3-5 days per week with moderate to high intensity. Group B will receive change in direction drills (15-minute sessions) for 6 weeks, 3-5 times a week, with moderate to high intensity. The collected data will be analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0. If data will be normally distributed, then parametric; if not normally distributed, then non-parametric.
The aim of the study is to compare the effects of acceleration drills versus change in direction drills on agility, speed, and performance in squash players.
Detailed description
The objective of my study is to determine comparative effects of acceleration drills and change in direction drills on agility, speed, and performance in squash players.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Acceleration Drills | Experimental | Other: Accleration drills14 participants will be in experimental group A, giving them acceleration drill protocol for six weeks. Measure all values before giving them protocol and after protocol. |
| Change in Direction Drills | Experimental | Other: Change in Direction Drills14 participants will be in experimental group B, giving them Change in direction drill protocol for six weeks. Measure all values before giving them protocol and after protocol. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Age between 18 - 30.
- Only male players will be included.
- Players actively playing from last one year.
- Consistent play at a B/C or higher league level (adjust based on local/national ranking system)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Non-athletic population.
- History of recent injuries or medical conditions that would contra-indicate training.
- Players with any musculoskeletal injury.
- Players with any spine related issues.
- Players with shoulder pathology.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Accleration drills14 participants will be in experimental group A, giving them acceleration drill protocol for six weeks. Measure all values before giving them protocol and after protocol. | Other | Acceleration Drills |
| Change in Direction Drills14 participants will be in experimental group B, giving them Change in direction drill protocol for six weeks. Measure all values before giving them protocol and after protocol. | Other | Change in Direction Drills |
Primary outcome
Illinois agility test
Time frame: Time Frame 6 weeks
Illinois agility test is used to test running agility using various turns and movements Participants should lie on their front and hands by their shoulders. On the 'Go' command, the stopwatch is started, and the athlete gets up as quickly as possible and runs forwards ten meters to run around a cone, then back ten meters, then runs up and back through a slalom course of four cones. Finally, the athlete runs another ten meters up and back past the finishing cone, at which the timing is stopped.
Sprint for speed
Time frame: Time Frame 6 weeks
The twenty meter sprint test used to evaluate the sprints. This test starts from the starting line with a standing position. Participants ran twenty meters as fast as possible. Time is evaluated for five, ten, fifteen and twenty meters. Record time in seconds. The faster the time, the better the speed.
Vertical jump test
Time frame: Time Frame 6 weeks
It is a standard test for measuring athletic performance. The athlete stands side on to a wall and reaches up with the hand closest to the wall. Keeping the feet flat on the ground, the point of the fingertips is marked or recorded. This is called the standing reach height. The athlete then stands away from the wall, and leaps vertically as high as possible using both arms and legs to assist in projecting the body upwards. Attempt to touch the wall at the highest point of the jump. The difference in distance between the standing reach height and the jump height is the score. The best of three attempts is recorded.
Squat One-repetition maximum (1RM) Test
Time frame: Time Frame 6 weeks
The One-repetition maximum test is considered as the 'gold standard' for assessing the strength capacity of individuals in non-laboratory environments. One-repetition maximum is a measure of the maximal weight a subject can lift with one repetition.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Oct 2024.
- Background: PubMed 31086386Loturco I, A Pereira L, T Freitas T, E Alcaraz P, Zanetti V, Bishop C, Jeffreys I. Maximum acceleration performance of professional soccer players in linear sprints: Is there a direct connection with change-of-direction ability? PLoS One. 2019 May 14;14(5):e0216806. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216806. eCollection 2019.
- Background: PubMed 19675504McBride JM, Blow D, Kirby TJ, Haines TL, Dayne AM, Triplett NT. Relationship between maximal squat strength and five, ten, and forty yard sprint times. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Sep;23(6):1633-6. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b2b8aa.
- Background: PubMed 19443269Ziv G, Lidor R. Vertical jump in female and male basketball players--a review of observational and experimental studies. J Sci Med Sport. 2010 May;13(3):332-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.02.009. Epub 2009 May 13.
- Background: PubMed 32223529Williams BK, Sanders RH, Ryu JH, Graham-Smith P, Sinclair PJ. The kinematic differences between accurate and inaccurate squash forehand drives for athletes of different skill levels. J Sports Sci. 2020 May;38(10):1115-1123. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1742971. Epub 2020 Mar 29.
- Background: PubMed 37250280Chandra S, Sharma A, Malhotra N, Rizvi MR, Kumari S. Effects of Plyometric Training on the Agility, Speed, and Explosive Power of Male Collegiate Badminton Players. J Lifestyle Med. 2023 Feb 28;13(1):52-58. doi: 10.15280/jlm.2023.13.1.52.
- Background: PubMed 18714250Gabbett TJ, Sheppard JM, Pritchard-Peschek KR, Leveritt MD, Aldred MJ. Influence of closed skill and open skill warm-ups on the performance of speed, change of direction speed, vertical jump, and reactive agility in team sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Sep;22(5):1413-5. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181739ecd.
- Background: PubMed 26670456Paul DJ, Gabbett TJ, Nassis GP. Agility in Team Sports: Testing, Training and Factors Affecting Performance. Sports Med. 2016 Mar;46(3):421-42. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0428-2.
- Background: PubMed 30781530Lockie RG, Post BK, Dawes JJ. Physical Qualities Pertaining to Shorter and Longer Change-of-Direction Speed Test Performance in Men and Women. Sports (Basel). 2019 Feb 16;7(2):45. doi: 10.3390/sports7020045.
- Background: PubMed 19231287Girard O, Micallef JP, Noual J, Millet GP. Alteration of neuromuscular function in squash. J Sci Med Sport. 2010 Jan;13(1):172-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2008.11.002. Epub 2009 Feb 23.
- Background: PubMed 33707993James C, Dhawan A, Jones T, Pok C, Yeo V, Girard O. Minimal Agreement between Internal and External Training Load Metrics across a 2-wk Training Microcycle in Elite Squash. J Sports Sci Med. 2021 Mar 1;20(1):101-109. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2021.101. eCollection 2021 Mar.
- Background: PubMed 35250337James C, Jones T, Farra S. Physiological and Performance Correlates of Squash Physical Performance. J Sports Sci Med. 2022 Feb 15;21(1):82-90. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2022.82. eCollection 2022 Mar.
- Background: PubMed 34965513McKay AKA, Stellingwerff T, Smith ES, Martin DT, Mujika I, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Sheppard J, Burke LM. Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022 Feb 1;17(2):317-331. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0451. Epub 2022 Dec 29.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Aamir Gul Memon, MS principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Accleration drills and Change in Direction Drills in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Oct 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Illinois agility test (time frame: Time Frame 6 weeks). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06661226, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Oct 2024; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.