Azoospermia, NonobstructiveNCT06702397

TeSE (Testicular Sperm Extraction) in Azoospermic Patients: m-TeSE vs. l-TeSE

A study testing Microscope and Surgical loupes in people with Azoospermia, Nonobstructive, run by A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza at 1 site in Italy.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

Search all trials

Trial summary

The aim of the study is to compare surgical outcomes (intra and post-operative complications) and sperm retrieval rates between conventional microsurgical-assisted testicular sperm extraction (m-TeSE - Group A) and testicular sperm extraction performed with surgical loupes (l-TeSE - Group B) in adult males with… Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 18 years and older, men only
Conditions the study is for: Azoospermia, Nonobstructive
What is being tested?: Microscope and Surgical loupes
Type of treatment: Medical device
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 42 participants
Where: 1 siteItaly
Study dates: 1 Mar 2022to 30 Apr 2024
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 18 years and older
Men only
No healthy volunteers
Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

Adult males
Diagnosis of non obstructive azoospermia who required m-TeSE.

Who cannot join

Absence of signed written informed consent
Age < 18 years
Obstructive azoospermia
Genetic anomalies (e.g., Klinefelter syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Y chromosome microdeletions, CFTR mutations)
Previous testicular biopsies/surgical sperm retrieval
Personal history of malignant testicular tumor

Show all 10Show fewer

Unilateral cryptorchidism
Varicocele
Previous chemotherapy/radiotherapy treatments
Monorchidism

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Italy1 site

Molinette - AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino
Turin, 10126

Other trials in Italy

About this study

Official title: Preliminary Results of Microsurgical Testicular Exploration for Sperm Retrieval in Azoospermic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Operating Microscope vs. Surgical Loupes

Read the detailed description

Objective: To compare surgical outcomes and sperm retrieval rates (SRR) between conventional microsurgical-assisted testicular sperm extraction (m-TeSE - Group A) and testicular sperm extraction performed with surgical loupes (l-TeSE - Group B) in adult males with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). A multicentric prospective randomized trial was conducted from March 2022. Adult males with NOA without genetic alterations who agreed to participate in the study and signed the required informed consent were enrolled. SRR, intra and post-operative complications (according to Clavien-Dindo classification), hormonal profile tchanges were considered as outcomes during the follow up period.

Conditions: Azoospermia, Nonobstructive
Being tested: Microscope, Surgical loupes
Medical subject headings: Azoospermia, Nonobstructive

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

MicroscopeDevice
The microscope provides a direct examination of the testicular parenchyma at 20-25x magnification.
Surgical loupesDevice
Surgical loupes offer magnification of 3.5-5x.

Study groups in NCT06702397
Study group	Role	What they receive
Microsurgical-assisted testicular sperm extraction (m-TeSE) - Group A	Active comparator	A longitudinal incision of 3cm was made along the scrotal raphe using a scalpel. Surgical dissection proceeded layer by layer. The testis was separated from the surrounding dartos and luxated outside the scrotal sac. A longitudinal incision was made in the tunica vaginalis to allow complete exposure of the tunica albuginea. Two Vicryl 2-0 traction sutures were placed 0.5 cm cranially and caudally to the testicular equatorial line, which was subsequently incised with a scalpel for 3/4 of the testicular circumference. In M-TESE, through the operating microscope, a direct examination of the testicular parenchyma was performed under magnification (20-25x). Multiple testicular specimens were excised. The same procedure is performed on the contralateral side, where instead of the operating microscope, the surgeon uses surgical loupes for magnification (3.5 - 5x). Receives: Device: Microscope
Testicular sperm extraction performed with surgical loupes (l-TeSE) - Group B	Active comparator	A longitudinal incision of 3cm was made along the scrotal raphe using a scalpel. Surgical dissection proceeded layer by layer. The testis was separated from the surrounding dartos and luxated outside the scrotal sac. A longitudinal incision was made in the tunica vaginalis to allow complete exposure of the tunica albuginea. Two Vicryl 2-0 traction sutures were placed 0.5 cm cranially and caudally to the testicular equatorial line, which was subsequently incised with a scalpel for 3/4 of the testicular circumference. In M-TESE, through the operating microscope, a direct examination of the testicular parenchyma was performed under magnification (20-25x). Multiple testicular specimens were excised. The same procedure is performed on the contralateral side, where instead of the operating microscope, the surgeon uses surgical loupes for magnification (3.5 - 5x). Receives: Device: Surgical loupes

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Positive sperm retrieval
Number of sperm retrieval
Measured: immediately after the surgery
Histology
Normal testicular biopsy or Hypospermatogenesis or Germ cell arrest or Sertoli cell-only syndrome or Seminiferous tubule hyalinization or CIS or Immature testis
Measured: immediately after the surgery
Johnsen score
Number according to Johnsen score
Measured: immediately after the surgery
Sperm vials stored
Number
Measured: immediately after the surgery

Secondary outcomes (2)

Operative time
Minutes
Measured: immediately after the surgery
Complications
Clavien dindo classification
Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

1 Mar 202230 Apr 2024

First posted25 Nov 2024
Study start1 Mar 2022
Primary completion30 Apr 2024
Study completion30 Apr 2024

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Publications (18)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for Azoospermia, NonobstructiveStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Model description: Randomized multi-center controlled trial comparing microsurgical-assisted testicular sperm extraction (m-TeSE - Group A) and testicular sperm extraction performed with surgical loupes (l-TeSE - Group B) in adult males with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in terms of surgical outcomes and sperm retrieval rates
Masking: None (open label)
Enrolment: 42 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06702397
Sponsor's protocol ID: 202/2022
Status last verified: Nov 2024
First submitted: 3 Nov 2024
Last updated: 25 Nov 2024
Results posted: No
Data monitoring committee: No
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: No

Publications

Chen ML, Buncke GM, Turek PJ. Narrative review of the history of microsurgery in urological practice. Transl Androl Urol. 2021 Apr;10(4):1780-1791. doi: 10.21037/tau-20-1441.
PubMed 33968665
Bernie AM, Mata DA, Ramasamy R, Schlegel PN. Comparison of microdissection testicular sperm extraction, conventional testicular sperm extraction, and testicular sperm aspiration for nonobstructive azoospermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2015 Nov;104(5):1099-103.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1136. Epub 2015 Aug 8.
PubMed 26263080
Flannigan R, Bach PV, Schlegel PN. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Transl Androl Urol. 2017 Aug;6(4):745-752. doi: 10.21037/tau.2017.07.07.
PubMed 28904907
Li H, Chen LP, Yang J, Li MC, Chen RB, Lan RZ, Wang SG, Liu JH, Wang T. Predictive value of FSH, testicular volume, and histopathological findings for the sperm retrieval rate of microdissection TESE in nonobstructive azoospermia: a meta-analysis. Asian J Androl. 2018 Jan-Feb;20(1):30-36. doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_5_17.
PubMed 28361811
Pozzi E, Raffo M, Negri F, Boeri L, Sacca A, Belladelli F, Cilio S, Ventimiglia E, d'Arma A, Pagliardini L, Vigano P, Pontillo M, Luciano R, Colecchia M, Montorsi F, Alfano M, Salonia A. Anti-Mullerian hormone predicts positive sperm retrieval in men with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia-findings from a multi-centric cross-sectional study. Hum Reprod. 2023 Aug 1;38(8):1464-1472. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dead125.
PubMed 37322566
Tournaye H, Liu J, Nagy PZ, Camus M, Goossens A, Silber S, Van Steirteghem AC, Devroey P. Correlation between testicular histology and outcome after intracytoplasmic sperm injection using testicular spermatozoa. Hum Reprod. 1996 Jan;11(1):127-32. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019004.
PubMed 8671174
Boeri L, Palmisano F, Preto M, Sibona M, Capogrosso P, Franceschelli A, Ruiz-Castane E, Sarquella-Geli J, Bassas-Arnau L, Scroppo FI, Sacca A, Gentile G, Falcone M, Timpano M, Ceruti C, Gadda F, Trost L, Colombo F, Rolle L, Gontero P, Montorsi F, Sanchez-Curbelo J, Salonia A, Montanari E. Sperm retrieval rates in non-mosaic Klinefelter patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction: What expectations do we have in the real-life setting? Andrology. 2020 May;8(3):680-687. doi: 10.1111/andr.12767. Epub 2020 Feb 16.
PubMed 31999885
Ostad M, Liotta D, Ye Z, Schlegel PN. Testicular sperm extraction for nonobstructive azoospermia: results of a multibiopsy approach with optimized tissue dispersion. Urology. 1998 Oct;52(4):692-6. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00322-7.
PubMed 9763095
Pozzi E, Boeri L, Capogrosso P, Palmisano F, Preto M, Sibona M, Franceschelli A, Ruiz-Castane E, Sarquella-Geli J, Bassas-Arnau L, Scroppo FI, Gentile G, Falcone M, Timpano M, Ceruti C, Gadda F, Colombo F, Rolle L, Gontero P, Montorsi F, Sanchez-Curbelo J, Montanari E, Salonia A. Rates of hypogonadism forms in Klinefelter patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Andrology. 2020 Nov;8(6):1705-1711. doi: 10.1111/andr.12843. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
PubMed 32558292
Vieira M, Bispo de Andrade MA, Santana-Santos E. Is testicular microdissection the only way to retrieve sperm for non-obstructive azoospermic men? Front Reprod Health. 2022 Aug 23;4:980824. doi: 10.3389/frph.2022.980824. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 36303631
Serletti JM, Deuber MA, Guidera PM, Reading G, Herrera HR, Reale VF, Wray RC Jr, Bakamjian VY. Comparison of the operating microscope and loupes for free microvascular tissue transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995 Feb;95(2):270-6. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199502000-00006.
PubMed 7824606
Boeri L, Bebi C, Dente D, Greco E, Turetti M, Capece M, Cocci A, Cito G, Preto M, Pescatori E, Ciampaglia W, Scroppo FI, Falcone M, Ceruti C, Gadda F, Franco G, Deho F, Palmieri A, Rolle L, Gontero P, Montorsi F, Montanari E, Salonia A. Outcomes and predictive factors of successful salvage microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) after failed classic TESE: results from a multicenter cross-sectional study. Int J Impot Res. 2022 Dec;34(8):795-799. doi: 10.1038/s41443-021-00487-8. Epub 2021 Nov 6.
PubMed 34743195
Falcone M, Boeri L, Timpano M, Cirigliano L, Preto M, Russo GI, Peretti F, Ferro I, Plamadeala N, Gontero P. Combined Trifocal and Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction Enhances Sperm Retrieval Rate in Low-Chance Retrieval Non-Obstructive Azoospermia. J Clin Med. 2022 Jul 13;11(14):4058. doi: 10.3390/jcm11144058.
PubMed 35887821
Schlegel PN, Su LM. Physiological consequences of testicular sperm extraction. Hum Reprod. 1997 Aug;12(8):1688-92. doi: 10.1093/humrep/12.8.1688.
PubMed 9308794
Schoysman R, Vanderzwalmen P, Nijs M, Segal L, Segal-Bertin G, Geerts L, van Roosendaal E, Schoysman D. Pregnancy after fertilisation with human testicular spermatozoa. Lancet. 1993 Nov 13;342(8881):1237. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92217-h. No abstract available.
PubMed 7901551

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

See locations

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All Azoospermia, Nonobstructive trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Nov 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Preliminary Results of Microsurgical Testicular Exploration for Sperm Retrieval in Azoospermic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Operating Microscope vs. Surgical Loupes
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06702397
Acronym / sponsor ID: 202/2022
Conditions: Azoospermia, Nonobstructive
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 42 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: A.O.U. Città della Salute e della ScienzaUniversity, hospital or other
Collaborators: Federica Peretti, Ilaria Ferro, Natalia Plamadeala, Martina Scavone, Luca Boeri, Marco Falcone, Lorenzo Cirigliano, Valentina Parolin, Emanuele Zupo, Paolo Gontero
Study start: 1 Mar 2022 (actual)
Primary completion: 30 Apr 2024 (actual)
Study completion: 30 Apr 2024 (actual)
First posted: 25 Nov 2024 (actual)
Results: Not posted in the source record

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Detailed description

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: None (open label)
Number of arms: 2
Model description: Randomized multi-center controlled trial comparing microsurgical-assisted testicular sperm extraction (m-TeSE - Group A) and testicular sperm extraction performed with surgical loupes (l-TeSE - Group B) in adult males with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in terms of surgical outcomes and sperm retrieval rates

Arm	Type	Receives
Microsurgical-assisted testicular sperm extraction (m-TeSE) - Group A	Active comparator	Device: MicroscopeA longitudinal incision of 3cm was made along the scrotal raphe using a scalpel. Surgical dissection proceeded layer by layer. The testis was separated from the surrounding dartos and luxated outside the scrotal sac. A longitudinal incision was made in the tunica vaginalis to allow complete exposure of the tunica albuginea. Two Vicryl 2-0 traction sutures were placed 0.5 cm cranially and caudally to the testicular equatorial line, which was subsequently incised with a scalpel for 3/4 of the testicular circumference. In M-TESE, through the operating microscope, a direct examination of the testicular parenchyma was performed under magnification (20-25x). Multiple testicular specimens were excised. The same procedure is performed on the contralateral side, where instead of the operating microscope, the surgeon uses surgical loupes for magnification (3.5 - 5x).
Testicular sperm extraction performed with surgical loupes (l-TeSE) - Group B	Active comparator	Device: Surgical loupesA longitudinal incision of 3cm was made along the scrotal raphe using a scalpel. Surgical dissection proceeded layer by layer. The testis was separated from the surrounding dartos and luxated outside the scrotal sac. A longitudinal incision was made in the tunica vaginalis to allow complete exposure of the tunica albuginea. Two Vicryl 2-0 traction sutures were placed 0.5 cm cranially and caudally to the testicular equatorial line, which was subsequently incised with a scalpel for 3/4 of the testicular circumference. In M-TESE, through the operating microscope, a direct examination of the testicular parenchyma was performed under magnification (20-25x). Multiple testicular specimens were excised. The same procedure is performed on the contralateral side, where instead of the operating microscope, the surgeon uses surgical loupes for magnification (3.5 - 5x).

Who may qualify

Ages: 18 years and older
Sex: Male only
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult, Older adult

Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)

Adult males
Diagnosis of non obstructive azoospermia who required m-TeSE.

Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)

Absence of signed written informed consent
Age < 18 years
Obstructive azoospermia
Genetic anomalies (e.g., Klinefelter syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Y chromosome microdeletions, CFTR mutations)
Previous testicular biopsies/surgical sperm retrieval

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
MicroscopeThe microscope provides a direct examination of the testicular parenchyma at 20-25x magnification.	Device	Microsurgical-assisted testicular sperm extraction (m-TeSE) - Group A
Surgical loupesSurgical loupes offer magnification of 3.5-5x.	Device	Testicular sperm extraction performed with surgical loupes (l-TeSE) - Group B

Primary outcome

Positive sperm retrieval
Time frame: immediately after the surgery
Number of sperm retrieval
Histology
Time frame: immediately after the surgery
Normal testicular biopsy or Hypospermatogenesis or Germ cell arrest or Sertoli cell-only syndrome or Seminiferous tubule hyalinization or CIS or Immature testis
Johnsen score
Time frame: immediately after the surgery
Number according to Johnsen score
Sperm vials stored
Time frame: immediately after the surgery
Number

2 secondary outcomes

Operative time
Time frame: immediately after the surgery
Complications
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

Results and safety

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Nov 2024.
Background: PubMed 33968665Chen ML, Buncke GM, Turek PJ. Narrative review of the history of microsurgery in urological practice. Transl Androl Urol. 2021 Apr;10(4):1780-1791. doi: 10.21037/tau-20-1441.
Background: PubMed 26263080Bernie AM, Mata DA, Ramasamy R, Schlegel PN. Comparison of microdissection testicular sperm extraction, conventional testicular sperm extraction, and testicular sperm aspiration for nonobstructive azoospermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2015 Nov;104(5):1099-103.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1136. Epub 2015 Aug 8.
Background: PubMed 28904907Flannigan R, Bach PV, Schlegel PN. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Transl Androl Urol. 2017 Aug;6(4):745-752. doi: 10.21037/tau.2017.07.07.
Background: PubMed 28361811Li H, Chen LP, Yang J, Li MC, Chen RB, Lan RZ, Wang SG, Liu JH, Wang T. Predictive value of FSH, testicular volume, and histopathological findings for the sperm retrieval rate of microdissection TESE in nonobstructive azoospermia: a meta-analysis. Asian J Androl. 2018 Jan-Feb;20(1):30-36. doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_5_17.
Background: PubMed 37322566Pozzi E, Raffo M, Negri F, Boeri L, Sacca A, Belladelli F, Cilio S, Ventimiglia E, d'Arma A, Pagliardini L, Vigano P, Pontillo M, Luciano R, Colecchia M, Montorsi F, Alfano M, Salonia A. Anti-Mullerian hormone predicts positive sperm retrieval in men with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia-findings from a multi-centric cross-sectional study. Hum Reprod. 2023 Aug 1;38(8):1464-1472. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dead125.
Background: PubMed 8671174Tournaye H, Liu J, Nagy PZ, Camus M, Goossens A, Silber S, Van Steirteghem AC, Devroey P. Correlation between testicular histology and outcome after intracytoplasmic sperm injection using testicular spermatozoa. Hum Reprod. 1996 Jan;11(1):127-32. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019004.
Background: PubMed 31999885Boeri L, Palmisano F, Preto M, Sibona M, Capogrosso P, Franceschelli A, Ruiz-Castane E, Sarquella-Geli J, Bassas-Arnau L, Scroppo FI, Sacca A, Gentile G, Falcone M, Timpano M, Ceruti C, Gadda F, Trost L, Colombo F, Rolle L, Gontero P, Montorsi F, Sanchez-Curbelo J, Salonia A, Montanari E. Sperm retrieval rates in non-mosaic Klinefelter patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction: What expectations do we have in the real-life setting? Andrology. 2020 May;8(3):680-687. doi: 10.1111/andr.12767. Epub 2020 Feb 16.
Background: PubMed 9763095Ostad M, Liotta D, Ye Z, Schlegel PN. Testicular sperm extraction for nonobstructive azoospermia: results of a multibiopsy approach with optimized tissue dispersion. Urology. 1998 Oct;52(4):692-6. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00322-7.
Background: PubMed 32558292Pozzi E, Boeri L, Capogrosso P, Palmisano F, Preto M, Sibona M, Franceschelli A, Ruiz-Castane E, Sarquella-Geli J, Bassas-Arnau L, Scroppo FI, Gentile G, Falcone M, Timpano M, Ceruti C, Gadda F, Colombo F, Rolle L, Gontero P, Montorsi F, Sanchez-Curbelo J, Montanari E, Salonia A. Rates of hypogonadism forms in Klinefelter patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Andrology. 2020 Nov;8(6):1705-1711. doi: 10.1111/andr.12843. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
Background: PubMed 36303631Vieira M, Bispo de Andrade MA, Santana-Santos E. Is testicular microdissection the only way to retrieve sperm for non-obstructive azoospermic men? Front Reprod Health. 2022 Aug 23;4:980824. doi: 10.3389/frph.2022.980824. eCollection 2022.
Background: PubMed 7824606Serletti JM, Deuber MA, Guidera PM, Reading G, Herrera HR, Reale VF, Wray RC Jr, Bakamjian VY. Comparison of the operating microscope and loupes for free microvascular tissue transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995 Feb;95(2):270-6. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199502000-00006.
Background: PubMed 34743195Boeri L, Bebi C, Dente D, Greco E, Turetti M, Capece M, Cocci A, Cito G, Preto M, Pescatori E, Ciampaglia W, Scroppo FI, Falcone M, Ceruti C, Gadda F, Franco G, Deho F, Palmieri A, Rolle L, Gontero P, Montorsi F, Montanari E, Salonia A. Outcomes and predictive factors of successful salvage microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) after failed classic TESE: results from a multicenter cross-sectional study. Int J Impot Res. 2022 Dec;34(8):795-799. doi: 10.1038/s41443-021-00487-8. Epub 2021 Nov 6.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: No

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Microscope and Surgical loupes in people with Azoospermia, Nonobstructive, run by A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza at 1 site in Italy.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Nov 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Positive sperm retrieval (time frame: immediately after the surgery). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06702397, which also lists 18 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Nov 2024.