Knee OsteoarthritisNCT06802107
Effects of Different Walking Exercises on Pain, Physical Performance and Balance in Knee Osteoarthritis
A study testing Backward-treadmill Walking, Forward-treadmill Walking and Traditional physiotherapy in people with Knee Osteoarthritis, run by Hasan Kalyoncu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of forward and backward walking exercises on treadmill in addition to traditional physiotherapy interventions on pain, physical performance and balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- What is being tested?
- Backward-treadmill Walking, Forward-treadmill Walking and Traditional physiotherapy
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Jan 2025to 15 Oct 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Diagnosed with knee OA
- According to the Kellgren Lawrence scale, grade I-II-III knee OA
- VAS score above 3
Who cannot join
- Knee pain caused by other diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, etc.)
- History of lower extremity surgery
- Receiving physical therapy within the last 6 months
- A medical condition that prevents safe exercise
- Intra-articular injection (hyaluronic acid/steroid) application within the last 6 months
- Diabetic neuropathy
Show all 9Show fewer
- Active and regular exercise,
- Not volunteering to participate in the study
- Patients with osteoporosis
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Hasan Kalyoncu University
Gaziantep, Şahinbey, 27010
About this study
Official title: The Effects of Forward and Backward Treadmill Walking Exercises in Addition to Conventional Physiotherapy on Pain, Physical Performance and Balance in Knee Osteoarthritis
The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of forward and backward walking exercises on treadmill in addition to traditional physiotherapy interventions on pain, physical performance and balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Secondarily, it is aimed to investigate the effects of walking on spatio-temporal parameters, knee joint position sense, range of motion, quadriceps, hamstring and hip adductors muscle strength, Q angle, quality of life and kinesiophobia.
Read the detailed description
Knee osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease in the world and causes varying degrees of loss of function in individuals in terms of pain, physical performance and balance ability due to the wear and tear in the joint cartilage. Exercise practices play a critical role in the management of knee osteoarthritis and various types of exercises are used to alleviate the symptoms of the disease. One of the exercises used in this context is walking. Today, various modified or designed walking training programs such as walking on land/water, weight-supported walking, positive pressure walking, walking on a treadmill, walking forward-backward, and walking uphill can be applied in the rehabilitation of individuals with osteoarthritis.
Exercises done on a treadmill offer individuals the opportunity to exercise safely in a controlled environment. In addition, forward and backward walking exercises done on a treadmill have the potential to improve balance and coordination by activating different muscle groups. Such dynamic exercises can facilitate the daily activities of osteoarthritis patients and increase their physical activity levels.
Some biomechanical research results on backward walking in recent years are quite interesting. It is stated that the quadriceps muscle works more concentrically and isometrically while the eccentric load decreases during backward walking and can be used to increase and strengthen the stability of the knee. In addition, according to studies conducted in recent years, walking backwards is a useful strategy to reduce knee load compared to forward walking. In light of these findings, it is a walking exercise type that is thought to be more effective for knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation. However, although there are many studies on the effects of walking exercise in knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation, there are very few studies on backward walking in knee osteoarthritis. At the same time, it is unclear whether walking backwards provides an additional clinical benefit compared to walking forward in patients with knee osteoarthritis. In addition, there is no study comparing the effects of walking backwards and walking forward on the treadmill on pain, physical performance and balance, and there is a serious gap in the literature on this subject.
In light of this information in the literature, the primary purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of walking forwards and backwards on the treadmill in patients with knee osteoarthritis on pain, physical performance and balance. Secondarily, the effects of gait on spatio-temporal parameters, knee joint position sense, range of motion, quadriceps, hamstring and hip adductors muscle strength, Q angle, quality of life and kinesiophobia will also be investigated.
- Conditions
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- Being tested
- Backward-treadmill Walking, Forward-treadmill Walking, Traditional physiotherapy
- Keywords
- knee osteoarthritis, Walking, Treadmill, Backward, Forward
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoarthritis, Knee
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Backward-treadmill WalkingBehavioural
A backward walking program will be applied on the treadmill. To be done 3 times a week / 8 weeks. Before the walking exercises, 5 minutes of warm-up and 5 minutes of cool-down exercises will be performed. While walking on the treadmill, the participant can hold onto the railings. Each participant will start at the speed they choose and gradually increase their perceived exertion rate to 11-13 on the Borg scale, and it is planned to walk for 10 minutes in the first week and gradually for 20-30 minutes in the following weeks.
Forward-treadmill WalkingBehavioural
A forward walking program will be applied on the treadmill. To be done 3 times a week / 8 weeks. Before the walking exercises, 5 minutes of warm-up and 5 minutes of cool-down exercises will be performed. While walking on the treadmill, the participant can hold onto the railings. Each participant will start at the speed they choose and gradually increase their perceived exertion rate to 11-13 on the Borg scale, and it is planned to walk for 10 minutes in the first week and gradually for 20-30 minutes in the following weeks.
Traditional physiotherapyOther
Traditional physiotherapy is a treatment method that includes exercise training, hotpack, ultrasound and TENS (electrotherapy) applications.
To be done 3 times a week / 8 weeks. 20 min hotpack + 7 min ultrasound + 20 min TENS and knee osteoarthritis exercises (hip knee flexion extension, knee extension while sitting on a chair, quadriceps isometric exercise in the supine position, straight leg raise exercises) are planned to be applied in the clinic with the physiotherapist. The exercises are planned to be started with 5 repetitions in the first week and the intensity of the exercise is planned to be increased with 10 repetitions, 15 repetitions and 20 repetitions depending on the patient's tolerance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Backward-treadmill Walking Group | Experimental | Individuals in this group will do backward treadmill walking in addition to traditional physiotherapy. Receives: Behavioral: Backward-treadmill Walking; Other: Traditional physiotherapy |
| Forward-treadmill Walking Group | Experimental | Individuals in this group will do forward treadmill walking in addition to traditional physiotherapy.
. Receives: Behavioral: Forward-treadmill Walking; Other: Traditional physiotherapy |
| Control Group | Active comparator | This group will receive standard traditional physiotherapy. Traditional physiotherapy is a treatment method that includes exercise training, hotpack, ultrasound and TENS (electrotherapy) applications. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain
It will be evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS). VAS consists of a horizontal 10 cm long line, where "0" (zero) indicates no pain and "10" indicates unbearable pain. The patient is asked to indicate where their condition fits on this line by drawing a line, putting a dot or pointing.
Measured: 8 weeks
Physical Function and Performance Measures
Western Ontario and McMaster Üniversiteleri Osteoartrit İndeksi (WOMAC) WOMAC is a self-reported health status measure developed to assess pain, joint stiffness, and function in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis. It questions patients on three separate clinical dimensions: pain, joint stiffness, and function. It contains a total of 24 questions. The three subdimensions that make up the scale can be scored individually or as a total. Higher scores represent worse pain, physical function, and stiffness.
Measured: 8 weeks
Physical Function and Performance Measures
30 second Chair test A test that evaluates the patient's sit-to-stay activity, lower extremity strength and dynamic balance. The number of times the patient sits down and stands up in 30 seconds gives the test score.
Measured: 8 weeks
Physical Function and Performance Measures
40 meter fast paced walk test This test evaluates the speed and direction change activity of short-distance walking, especially in individuals with hip and knee osteoarthritis.
Measured: 8 weeks
Physical Function and Performance Measures
Stair climb test A test that evaluates the patient's stair climbing and descending activity, lower extremity strength and dynamic balance. Ideally, the desired time to go up and down 9 steps gives the result of the test.
Measured: 8 weeks
Physical Function and Performance Measures
6 minute walk test A test that evaluates functional capacity in individuals. The test is performed in a closed and uncrowded space. The distance between the starting and finishing points in a closed space should be 30 meters on a flat surface. The distance an individual can walk in this area in 6 minutes is evaluated in meters. Before the test begins, the patient is rested and information about the test is given to the patient. The patient is asked to walk between the starting and finishing points at their own walking pace. The test is monitored with a stopwatch. The purpose of the test is to measure the maximum distance they can walk during this time
Measured: 8 weeks
balance
Timed up and go test This test measures the dynamic balance and functional mobility. It is a test that measures the time in seconds for the individual to stand up from a standard chair (seat height of approximately 44 cm, arm height 65 cm), walk a distance of 3 meters, turn around and sit on the chair.
Measured: 8 weeks
balance
Functional Reach Test A test developed to examine forward stability. During the test, participants' ability to reach forward while standing with their feet fixed is recorded as a distance and their balance performance is evaluated.
Measured: 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (7)
knee joint position sense
Joint position sense (JPS) is evaluated by the angular difference between a repeatedly determined target position and the predicted position, and this is called absolute angular error. This method is a reliable technique for the knee joint. JPS is tested by actively finding the joint position that was previously taught passively. In the study, 60° knee flexion were determined as target angles. It is planned to use a universal goniometer for the test.
Measured: 8 weeks
Knee Range of Motion Assessment
Knee flexion and extension will be measured with a universal goniometer.
Measured: 8 weeks
Quadriceps, Hamstring and hip adduction strength
Isometric muscle strength will be assessed with a hand-held dynamometer.
Measured: 8 weeks
Q açısı
It is planned to be measured with a universal goniometer. The pivot point of the goniometer is placed at the center of the patella, the fixed arm pointing to the tibia tuberosity and the movable arm pointing to the SIAS, and the angle between the line drawn from the SIAS to the middle of the patella and the two lines drawn from the middle of the patella to the tibia tuberosity is recorded.
Measured: 8 weeks
Kinesiophobia
Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale It was developed to evaluate the kinesiophobia of individuals. The scale consists of 17 questions. When calculating the scale score, the scores of some questions are reversed and calculated. A high total score indicates that the individual has high kinesiophobia.
Measured: 8 weeks
Quality of life
EUROQL 5d 5l The scale consists of two parts: the EQ-5D descriptive system and the EQ-VAS (visual analog scale).
Measured: 8 weeks
Spatio-temporal variables of gait
Gaı̇t Analyzer application A smartphone-based application called "Gait Analyzer" will be used. It collects kinematic data of gait using smartphone technology and phone sensors. With this application, kinematic data of walking such as walking speed, cadence, step duration, step length, step length symmetry and step duration symmetry can be obtained. The smartphone is fixed to the region corresponding to the L3 proccesus spinosus of the patient with a suitable waist belt with velcro bandage. The patients are then asked to walk a distance of 20 meters at their natural gait and speed without walking aids and measurements are performed.
Measured: 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted31 Jan 2025
- Study start15 Jan 2025
- Primary completion15 Oct 2025
- Study completion15 Oct 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Knee OsteoarthritisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hasan Kalyoncu University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, TAHIR DEDEOGLU, Hasan Kalyoncu University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06802107
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HasanKUTDEDEOGLU001
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 27 Jan 2025
- Last updated
- 16 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of Forward and Backward Treadmill Walking Exercises in Addition to Conventional Physiotherapy on Pain, Physical Performance and Balance in Knee Osteoarthritis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06802107
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HasanKUTDEDEOGLU001
- Conditions
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- Keywords
- knee osteoarthritis, Walking, Treadmill, Backward, Forward
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Hasan Kalyoncu UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Oct 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 31 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of forward and backward walking exercises on treadmill in addition to traditional physiotherapy interventions on pain, physical performance and balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Secondarily, it is aimed to investigate the effects of walking on spatio-temporal parameters, knee joint position sense, range of motion, quadriceps, hamstring and hip adductors muscle strength, Q angle, quality of life and kinesiophobia.
Detailed description
Knee osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease in the world and causes varying degrees of loss of function in individuals in terms of pain, physical performance and balance ability due to the wear and tear in the joint cartilage. Exercise practices play a critical role in the management of knee osteoarthritis and various types of exercises are used to alleviate the symptoms of the disease. One of the exercises used in this context is walking. Today, various modified or designed walking training programs such as walking on land/water, weight-supported walking, positive pressure walking, walking on a treadmill, walking forward-backward, and walking uphill can be applied in the rehabilitation of individuals with osteoarthritis.
Exercises done on a treadmill offer individuals the opportunity to exercise safely in a controlled environment. In addition, forward and backward walking exercises done on a treadmill have the potential to improve balance and coordination by activating different muscle groups. Such dynamic exercises can facilitate the daily activities of osteoarthritis patients and increase their physical activity levels.
Some biomechanical research results on backward walking in recent years are quite interesting. It is stated that the quadriceps muscle works more concentrically and isometrically while the eccentric load decreases during backward walking and can be used to increase and strengthen the stability of the knee. In addition, according to studies conducted in recent years, walking backwards is a useful strategy to reduce knee load compared to forward walking. In light of these findings, it is a walking exercise type that is thought to be more effective for knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation. However, although there are many studies on the effects of walking exercise in knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation, there are very few studies on backward walking in knee osteoarthritis. At the same time, it is unclear whether walking backwards provides an additional clinical benefit compared to walking forward in patients with knee osteoarthritis. In addition, there is no study comparing the effects of walking backwards and walking forward on the treadmill on pain, physical performance and balance, and there is a serious gap in the literature on this subject.
In light of this information in the literature, the primary purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of walking forwards and backwards on the treadmill in patients with knee osteoarthritis on pain, physical performance and balance. Secondarily, the effects of gait on spatio-temporal parameters, knee joint position sense, range of motion, quadriceps, hamstring and hip adductors muscle strength, Q angle, quality of life and kinesiophobia will also be investigated.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Backward-treadmill Walking Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Backward-treadmill Walking, Other: Traditional physiotherapyIndividuals in this group will do backward treadmill walking in addition to traditional physiotherapy. |
| Forward-treadmill Walking Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Forward-treadmill Walking, Other: Traditional physiotherapyIndividuals in this group will do forward treadmill walking in addition to traditional physiotherapy. . |
| Control Group | Active comparator | –This group will receive standard traditional physiotherapy. Traditional physiotherapy is a treatment method that includes exercise training, hotpack, ultrasound and TENS (electrotherapy) applications. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Diagnosed with knee OA
- According to the Kellgren Lawrence scale, grade I-II-III knee OA
- VAS score above 3
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Knee pain caused by other diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, etc.)
- History of lower extremity surgery
- Receiving physical therapy within the last 6 months
- A medical condition that prevents safe exercise
- Intra-articular injection (hyaluronic acid/steroid) application within the last 6 months
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Backward-treadmill WalkingA backward walking program will be applied on the treadmill. To be done 3 times a week / 8 weeks. Before the walking exercises, 5 minutes of warm-up and 5 minutes of cool-down exercises will be performed. While walking on the treadmill, the participant can hold onto the railings. Each participant will start at the speed they choose and gradually increase their perceived exertion rate to 11-13 on the Borg scale, and it is planned to walk for 10 minutes in the first week and gradually for 20-30 minutes in the following weeks. | Behavioural | Backward-treadmill Walking Group |
| Forward-treadmill WalkingA forward walking program will be applied on the treadmill. To be done 3 times a week / 8 weeks. Before the walking exercises, 5 minutes of warm-up and 5 minutes of cool-down exercises will be performed. While walking on the treadmill, the participant can hold onto the railings. Each participant will start at the speed they choose and gradually increase their perceived exertion rate to 11-13 on the Borg scale, and it is planned to walk for 10 minutes in the first week and gradually for 20-30 minutes in the following weeks. | Behavioural | Forward-treadmill Walking Group |
| Traditional physiotherapyTraditional physiotherapy is a treatment method that includes exercise training, hotpack, ultrasound and TENS (electrotherapy) applications. To be done 3 times a week / 8 weeks. 20 min hotpack + 7 min ultrasound + 20 min TENS and knee osteoarthritis exercises (hip knee flexion extension, knee extension while sitting on a chair, quadriceps isometric exercise in the supine position, straight leg raise exercises) are planned to be applied in the clinic with the physiotherapist. The exercises are planned to be started with 5 repetitions in the first week and the intensity of the exercise is planned to be increased with 10 repetitions, 15 repetitions and 20 repetitions depending on the patient's tolerance. | Other | Backward-treadmill Walking Group, Forward-treadmill Walking Group |
Primary outcome
Pain
Time frame: 8 weeks
It will be evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS). VAS consists of a horizontal 10 cm long line, where "0" (zero) indicates no pain and "10" indicates unbearable pain. The patient is asked to indicate where their condition fits on this line by drawing a line, putting a dot or pointing.
Physical Function and Performance Measures
Time frame: 8 weeks
Western Ontario and McMaster Üniversiteleri Osteoartrit İndeksi (WOMAC) WOMAC is a self-reported health status measure developed to assess pain, joint stiffness, and function in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis. It questions patients on three separate clinical dimensions: pain, joint stiffness, and function. It contains a total of 24 questions. The three subdimensions that make up the scale can be scored individually or as a total. Higher scores represent worse pain, physical function, and stiffness.
Physical Function and Performance Measures
Time frame: 8 weeks
30 second Chair test A test that evaluates the patient's sit-to-stay activity, lower extremity strength and dynamic balance. The number of times the patient sits down and stands up in 30 seconds gives the test score.
Physical Function and Performance Measures
Time frame: 8 weeks
40 meter fast paced walk test This test evaluates the speed and direction change activity of short-distance walking, especially in individuals with hip and knee osteoarthritis.
Physical Function and Performance Measures
Time frame: 8 weeks
Stair climb test A test that evaluates the patient's stair climbing and descending activity, lower extremity strength and dynamic balance. Ideally, the desired time to go up and down 9 steps gives the result of the test.
Physical Function and Performance Measures
Time frame: 8 weeks
6 minute walk test A test that evaluates functional capacity in individuals. The test is performed in a closed and uncrowded space. The distance between the starting and finishing points in a closed space should be 30 meters on a flat surface. The distance an individual can walk in this area in 6 minutes is evaluated in meters. Before the test begins, the patient is rested and information about the test is given to the patient. The patient is asked to walk between the starting and finishing points at their own walking pace. The test is monitored with a stopwatch. The purpose of the test is to measure the maximum distance they can walk during this time
balance
Time frame: 8 weeks
Timed up and go test This test measures the dynamic balance and functional mobility. It is a test that measures the time in seconds for the individual to stand up from a standard chair (seat height of approximately 44 cm, arm height 65 cm), walk a distance of 3 meters, turn around and sit on the chair.
balance
Time frame: 8 weeks
Functional Reach Test A test developed to examine forward stability. During the test, participants' ability to reach forward while standing with their feet fixed is recorded as a distance and their balance performance is evaluated.
7 secondary outcomes
knee joint position sense
Time frame: 8 weeks
Knee Range of Motion Assessment
Time frame: 8 weeks
Quadriceps, Hamstring and hip adduction strength
Time frame: 8 weeks
Q açısı
Time frame: 8 weeks
Kinesiophobia
Time frame: 8 weeks
Quality of life
Time frame: 8 weeks
Spatio-temporal variables of gait
Time frame: 8 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Backward-treadmill Walking, Forward-treadmill Walking and Traditional physiotherapy in people with Knee Osteoarthritis, run by Hasan Kalyoncu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain (time frame: 8 weeks). The study lists 8 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Oct 2026.