HealtyNCT06808919
The Effect of Different Exercise Approaches on Passive Mechanical Properties of Hamstring and Quadriceps Muscles, Strength and Jumping Performance
A study testing Whole Body Vibration Exercise, Aerobic Exercise and Strengthening Exercise in people with Healty and Sedantary Activity, run by Uludag University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The mechanical characteristics play a crucial role in sustaining daily life activities and facilitating participation in sport activities and exercises demanding a diverse range of motion. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healty, Sedantary Activity, Young
- What is being tested?
- Whole Body Vibration Exercise, Aerobic Exercise and Strengthening Exercise
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 10 Feb 2020to 5 Jan 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Physically healthy and able to engage in the exercise program without any impediments.
- Voluntary participation
Who cannot join
- Prior surgical interventions.
- Neuromuscular or neurodegenerative disorders.
- Heart failure.
- Cardiac stents.
- Pregnancy.
- Participants who do not meet the above criteria, even if their current health status permits participation in exercise activities.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The mechanical characteristics play a crucial role in sustaining daily life activities and facilitating participation in sport activities and exercises demanding a diverse range of motion. Furthermore, it is postulated that the mechanical composition of the muscle could impact the minimal energy expenditure, perceived exertion, and risk of injury during physical activities. This study aims to examine the effects of various exercise approaches, including aerobic exercise, strength training, and whole-body vibration, on the passive mechanical properties of muscle tissue.
Read the detailed description
Exercise applications are utilized in the maintenance of functional status, enhancement of performance, and prevention of injuries in healthy individuals while also serving therapeutic purposes in pathological conditions. Exercise programs implemented in both healthy individuals and those with disabilities have the potential to offer clinical and functional benefits, leading to physiological changes and mechanical adaptations within the muscle.The enhancement of muscle strength, endurance, and functional performance is observed in accordance with the individuals' physical fitness level and the type of exercise program undertaken. One additional determinant influencing performance is the passive mechanical properties of the muscle. The phrase "passive mechanical properties" denotes the mechanical properties exhibited by skeletal muscles in a state of quiescence, i.e., devoid of voluntary contraction. The passive mechanical properties of muscle encompass properties such as muscle tone, stiffness, thickness, and elasticity. Furthermore, it is postulated that the mechanical composition of the muscle could impact the minimal energy expenditure, perceived exertion, and risk of injury during physical activities. When implemented in either isolated or combined programs, exercises focusing on strengthening, stretching, and aerobic activities can have an impact on muscle mechanics.8,9 Within scholarly literature, there exist investigations that suggest a limited impact on the mechanical properties of muscles following exercise, alongside findings that demonstrate consistent exercise does not induce alterations in muscle stiffness.
Within academic discourse, it is established that power, force, and movement speed represent pivotal elements in elucidating superior performance at an advanced level. Physical fitness parameters, as demonstrated determinants of performance, exhibit direct correlation with muscle structure. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of various exercise approaches, including aerobic, strength training, and whole-body vibration, on passive mechanical properties of muscle tissue. Additionally, the study sought to assess how potential alterations in muscle mechanics might manifest in terms of performance outcomes.
- Conditions
- Healty, Sedantary Activity, Young, Female
- Being tested
- Whole Body Vibration Exercise, Aerobic Exercise, Strengthening Exercise
- Keywords
- Stiffness, thickness, elastography, vibration, exercise
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Whole Body Vibration ExerciseOther
Also called WHole Body Vibration
The participants underwent a prescribed exercise protocol involving both static and dynamic exercises on the designated platform. Specifically, static squats at a 30º angle, dynamic deep squats ranging from 30 to 60º, toe raises, weight transfer maneuvers during squats, as well as static and dynamic squat exercises performed unilaterally were implemented as part of the program
Aerobic ExerciseOther
The participants assigned to the aerobic exercise group were directed to engage in running activity on a conventional treadmill. The participants engaged in aerobic exercise, specifically moderate-to-high-intensity running at 65-80% of their maximal heart rate, for durations of 30-45 minutes per session, three times weekly. Heart rate was monitored with a portable pulse oximetry device.
Strengthening ExerciseOther
Strengthening group, participants engaged in various lower extremity strengthening activities such as straight leg raises, abduction and adduction movements, knee flexion-extension, ankle plantar-dorsiflexion exercises. These exercises were performed both on a bed and in standing positions, utilizing resistance exercise bands.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Whole Body Vibration Exercise | Experimental | Whole body vibration exercises were conducted utilizing a specialized exercise platform. The participants underwent a prescribed exercise protocol involving both static and dynamic exercises on the designated platform. Specifically, static squats at a 30º angle, dynamic deep squats ranging from 30 to 60º, toe raises, weight transfer maneuvers during squats, as well as static and dynamic squat exercises performed unilaterally were implemented as part of the program. Each exercise was performed for 30-50 s with a frequency ranging from 30-45 Hz and an amplitude of 2 mm. The exercise regimen was structured to comprise three sets, with a designated three-minute inter-set rest interval. Physical exercise sessions were conducted on a weekly basis, with a duration ranging from 30 to 45 minutes. The intensity and duration of the exercises were progressively adjusted based on the adherence. Receives: Other: Whole Body Vibration Exercise |
| Aerobic Exercise | Experimental | Aerobic exercise group were directed to engage in running activity on a conventional treadmill. The participants engaged in aerobic exercise, specifically moderate-to-high-intensity running at 65-80% of their maximal heart rate, for durations of 30-45 minutes per session, three times weekly. Heart rate was monitored with a portable pulse oximetry device. Receives: Other: Aerobic Exercise |
| Strengthening Exercise | Experimental | Strengthening exercise group, participants engaged in various lower extremity strengthening activities such as straight leg raises, abduction and adduction movements, knee flexion-extension, ankle plantar-dorsiflexion exercises. These exercises were performed both on a bed and in standing positions, utilizing resistance exercise bands. Receives: Other: Strengthening Exercise |
| Control Group | No intervention | The participants continued their daily lives without any exercise practice until the end of the study. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Muscle Strength
Isokinetic testing and rehabilitation systems were utilized to assess muscle strength. An assessment was conducted on the concentric and eccentric forces exerted on the quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles in the dominant lower extremity. The assessment of concentric strength was conducted within the knee flexion range of 0-90 degrees, while the evaluation of eccentric strength was undertaken in the knee flexion range of 10-90 degrees at a velocity of 60º/sec. The peak torque values acquired from the experiment were utilized as the basis for the analysis.
Measured: Baseline and at Week 4
Horizontal Jump
Test was conducted unilaterally on the dominant lower extremity. Horizontal jump was repeated three times and the average of the measurement results was recorded.
Measured: Baseline and at Week 4
Muscle Stiffness
Changes in muscle stiffness were evaluated through shear wave elastography. The alterations in the stiffness properties of the muscle were documented utilizing an ultrasound device. Measurements were conducted on the dominant lower extremity to evaluate alterations in the muscle stiffness of the quadriceps muscles (vastus medialis obliquus, rectus femoris) and hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus).
Measured: Baseline and at Week 4
Muscle Thickness
Changes in muscle thickness were evaluated through shear wave elastography. The alterations in the thickness properties of the muscle were documented utilizing an ultrasound device. Measurements were conducted on the dominant lower extremity to evaluate alterations in the muscle thickness of the quadriceps muscles (vastus medialis obliquus, rectus femoris) and hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus).
Measured: Baseline and at Week 4
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Feb 2025
- Study start10 Feb 2020
- Primary completion15 Aug 2021
- Study completion5 Jan 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HealtyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Uludag University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Selim Mahmut GÜNAY, Uludag University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06808919
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2019-19/21
- Status last verified
- Jan 2025
- First submitted
- 26 Jan 2025
- Last updated
- 5 Feb 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Uysal O, Delioglu K, Firat T. The effects of hamstring training methods on muscle viscoelastic properties in healthy young individuals. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021 Feb;31(2):371-379. doi: 10.1111/sms.13856. Epub 2020 Nov 3.
PubMed 33084051Blazevich AJ. Adaptations in the passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle to altered patterns of use. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019 May 1;126(5):1483-1491. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00700.2018. Epub 2018 Nov 9.
PubMed 30412028
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Feb 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Different Exercise Approaches on Passive Mechanical Properties of Hamstring and Quadriceps Muscles, Strength and Jumping Performance
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06808919
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2019-19/21
- Conditions
- Healty, Sedantary Activity, Young, Female
- Keywords
- Stiffness, thickness, elastography, vibration, exercise
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Uludag UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Feb 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Aug 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 Jan 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The mechanical characteristics play a crucial role in sustaining daily life activities and facilitating participation in sport activities and exercises demanding a diverse range of motion. Furthermore, it is postulated that the mechanical composition of the muscle could impact the minimal energy expenditure, perceived exertion, and risk of injury during physical activities. This study aims to examine the effects of various exercise approaches, including aerobic exercise, strength training, and whole-body vibration, on the passive mechanical properties of muscle tissue.
Detailed description
Exercise applications are utilized in the maintenance of functional status, enhancement of performance, and prevention of injuries in healthy individuals while also serving therapeutic purposes in pathological conditions. Exercise programs implemented in both healthy individuals and those with disabilities have the potential to offer clinical and functional benefits, leading to physiological changes and mechanical adaptations within the muscle.The enhancement of muscle strength, endurance, and functional performance is observed in accordance with the individuals' physical fitness level and the type of exercise program undertaken. One additional determinant influencing performance is the passive mechanical properties of the muscle. The phrase "passive mechanical properties" denotes the mechanical properties exhibited by skeletal muscles in a state of quiescence, i.e., devoid of voluntary contraction. The passive mechanical properties of muscle encompass properties such as muscle tone, stiffness, thickness, and elasticity. Furthermore, it is postulated that the mechanical composition of the muscle could impact the minimal energy expenditure, perceived exertion, and risk of injury during physical activities. When implemented in either isolated or combined programs, exercises focusing on strengthening, stretching, and aerobic activities can have an impact on muscle mechanics.8,9 Within scholarly literature, there exist investigations that suggest a limited impact on the mechanical properties of muscles following exercise, alongside findings that demonstrate consistent exercise does not induce alterations in muscle stiffness.
Within academic discourse, it is established that power, force, and movement speed represent pivotal elements in elucidating superior performance at an advanced level. Physical fitness parameters, as demonstrated determinants of performance, exhibit direct correlation with muscle structure. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of various exercise approaches, including aerobic, strength training, and whole-body vibration, on passive mechanical properties of muscle tissue. Additionally, the study sought to assess how potential alterations in muscle mechanics might manifest in terms of performance outcomes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Whole Body Vibration Exercise | Experimental | Other: Whole Body Vibration ExerciseWhole body vibration exercises were conducted utilizing a specialized exercise platform. The participants underwent a prescribed exercise protocol involving both static and dynamic exercises on the designated platform. Specifically, static squats at a 30º angle, dynamic deep squats ranging from 30 to 60º, toe raises, weight transfer maneuvers during squats, as well as static and dynamic squat exercises performed unilaterally were implemented as part of the program. Each exercise was performed for 30-50 s with a frequency ranging from 30-45 Hz and an amplitude of 2 mm. The exercise regimen was structured to comprise three sets, with a designated three-minute inter-set rest interval. Physical exercise sessions were conducted on a weekly basis, with a duration ranging from 30 to 45 minutes. The intensity and duration of the exercises were progressively adjusted based on the adherence. |
| Aerobic Exercise | Experimental | Other: Aerobic ExerciseAerobic exercise group were directed to engage in running activity on a conventional treadmill. The participants engaged in aerobic exercise, specifically moderate-to-high-intensity running at 65-80% of their maximal heart rate, for durations of 30-45 minutes per session, three times weekly. Heart rate was monitored with a portable pulse oximetry device. |
| Strengthening Exercise | Experimental | Other: Strengthening ExerciseStrengthening exercise group, participants engaged in various lower extremity strengthening activities such as straight leg raises, abduction and adduction movements, knee flexion-extension, ankle plantar-dorsiflexion exercises. These exercises were performed both on a bed and in standing positions, utilizing resistance exercise bands. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –The participants continued their daily lives without any exercise practice until the end of the study. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Physically healthy and able to engage in the exercise program without any impediments.
- Voluntary participation
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Prior surgical interventions.
- Neuromuscular or neurodegenerative disorders.
- Heart failure.
- Cardiac stents.
- Pregnancy.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Whole Body Vibration ExerciseAlso: WHole Body VibrationThe participants underwent a prescribed exercise protocol involving both static and dynamic exercises on the designated platform. Specifically, static squats at a 30º angle, dynamic deep squats ranging from 30 to 60º, toe raises, weight transfer maneuvers during squats, as well as static and dynamic squat exercises performed unilaterally were implemented as part of the program | Other | Whole Body Vibration Exercise |
| Aerobic ExerciseThe participants assigned to the aerobic exercise group were directed to engage in running activity on a conventional treadmill. The participants engaged in aerobic exercise, specifically moderate-to-high-intensity running at 65-80% of their maximal heart rate, for durations of 30-45 minutes per session, three times weekly. Heart rate was monitored with a portable pulse oximetry device. | Other | Aerobic Exercise |
| Strengthening ExerciseStrengthening group, participants engaged in various lower extremity strengthening activities such as straight leg raises, abduction and adduction movements, knee flexion-extension, ankle plantar-dorsiflexion exercises. These exercises were performed both on a bed and in standing positions, utilizing resistance exercise bands. | Other | Strengthening Exercise |
Primary outcome
Muscle Strength
Time frame: Baseline and at Week 4
Isokinetic testing and rehabilitation systems were utilized to assess muscle strength. An assessment was conducted on the concentric and eccentric forces exerted on the quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles in the dominant lower extremity. The assessment of concentric strength was conducted within the knee flexion range of 0-90 degrees, while the evaluation of eccentric strength was undertaken in the knee flexion range of 10-90 degrees at a velocity of 60º/sec. The peak torque values acquired from the experiment were utilized as the basis for the analysis.
Horizontal Jump
Time frame: Baseline and at Week 4
Test was conducted unilaterally on the dominant lower extremity. Horizontal jump was repeated three times and the average of the measurement results was recorded.
Muscle Stiffness
Time frame: Baseline and at Week 4
Changes in muscle stiffness were evaluated through shear wave elastography. The alterations in the stiffness properties of the muscle were documented utilizing an ultrasound device. Measurements were conducted on the dominant lower extremity to evaluate alterations in the muscle stiffness of the quadriceps muscles (vastus medialis obliquus, rectus femoris) and hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus).
Muscle Thickness
Time frame: Baseline and at Week 4
Changes in muscle thickness were evaluated through shear wave elastography. The alterations in the thickness properties of the muscle were documented utilizing an ultrasound device. Measurements were conducted on the dominant lower extremity to evaluate alterations in the muscle thickness of the quadriceps muscles (vastus medialis obliquus, rectus femoris) and hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Feb 2025.
- Results publication: PubMed 33084051Uysal O, Delioglu K, Firat T. The effects of hamstring training methods on muscle viscoelastic properties in healthy young individuals. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021 Feb;31(2):371-379. doi: 10.1111/sms.13856. Epub 2020 Nov 3.
- Results publication: PubMed 30412028Blazevich AJ. Adaptations in the passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle to altered patterns of use. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019 May 1;126(5):1483-1491. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00700.2018. Epub 2018 Nov 9.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Whole Body Vibration Exercise, Aerobic Exercise and Strengthening Exercise in people with Healty and Sedantary Activity, run by Uludag University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Feb 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Muscle Strength (time frame: Baseline and at Week 4). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06808919, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Feb 2025.