Knee OsteoarthritisNCT06815016
Reflexology and Mulligan Mobilization for Knee Osteoarthritis
A study testing Reflexology ,mulligan mobilization and conventional, reflexology and conventional and mulligan mobilization and conventional in people with Knee Osteoarthritis and Knee Osteoarthritis (Knee OA), run by Cairo University at 1 site in Egypt.
Trial summary
to investigate the effect of adding Reflexlogy to mulligan mobilization and the conventional treatment for patients with Osteoarthritis knees Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Knee Osteoarthritis, Knee Osteoarthritis (Knee OA)
- What is being tested?
- Reflexology ,mulligan mobilization and conventional, reflexology and conventional and mulligan mobilization and conventional
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 84 participants
- Where
- 1 siteEgypt
- Study dates
- 20 Feb 2025to 20 Apr 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age greater than or equal to 40 years.
- Body Mass Index ≤30 kg/m².
- All participants have Calcium Deficiency
- Osteoarthritis in mild and moderate stage not in the acute stage
- The subjects were chosen from both genders
Who cannot join
- Deep Vein Thrombosis
- Fractures
- Gangrena Patient
- Osteopenic Patient
- Lactating or pregnant women
- Cancer
Show all 12Show fewer
- Neurological conditions.
- Patients with injury including; (lesions, sprain, open wounds, foot ulcer and or burn of the lower extremities), hemorrhage, epilepsy, irregular heartbeat.
- Vascular (Anticoagulant Therapy, Aortic Aneurysm)
- Neurological Deficits (multilevel PIVD, Cervical Myelopathy)
- Psychological Disorders.
- -
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Egypt1 site
Cairo University
Cairo
Rania a nassar, master, 01010618797, raniaanassar@gmail.com
Noran a Elbehary, Professor of Physical Therapy
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Adding Reflexology to Mulligan Mobilization for Patient With Knee Osteoarthritis
to investigate the effect of adding Reflexlogy to mulligan mobilization and the conventional treatment for patients with Osteoarthritis knees
Read the detailed description
Knee osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is typically the result of wear and tear and progressive loss of articular cartilage. Treatment by reflexology stimulation increases blood flow to the associated organ or body part. On the other hand, the nerve impulse theory claims that reflexology stimulation boosts nervous connection to the conforming body parts. Regarding to the energy theory; organs and body parts are connected through electromagnetic fields and that these pathways are blocked in states of disease. Finally, lactic acid theory pointed that lactic acid accumulates on the soles of the feet in the form of crystals which promotes free circulation, so reduces regular flow .The effects of foot reflexology on improving physical complains of KOA. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of reflexology foot massage on pain intensity and physical functional abilities among patients with Knee Osteoarthritis.
Mulligan's Mobilization with Movement (MWM) advocates therapist-applied accessory gliding force combined with active movement The goal of MWM is to achieve immediate pain relief possibly by regulation of the non-opioid pain sensory pathways and by correction of micro positional faults. These positional faults may result from changes in the shape of articular surfaces, cartilage thickness, fiber orientation in the capsule-ligamentous complex, and the direction of musculo-tendinous pull, causing altered mechanics in the osteoarthritic knees.
- Conditions
- Knee Osteoarthritis, Knee Osteoarthritis (Knee OA)
- Being tested
- Reflexology ,mulligan mobilization and conventional, reflexology and conventional, mulligan mobilization and conventional, Conventional treatment
- Keywords
- Knee Osteoarthristis, reflexology, Mulligan's Mobilization
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoarthritis, Knee
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Reflexology ,mulligan mobilization and conventionalOther
Reflexology is a systematic practice in which applying some pressure to any particular points on the feet and hands give impacts on the health of related parts of the body as (Knee reflex point, Pituitary reflex point, Entire spine, Liver reflex area, Thyroid reflex area ) Mulligan's Mobilization with Movement (MWM) apply accessory gliding force combined with active movement as (Lateral glide MWM for flexion / extension, Medial glide MWM for flexion / extension, Self-medial glide MWM for knee flexion/extension: home exercise)
reflexology and conventionalOther
Reflexology as (Knee reflex point, Pituitary reflex point, Entire spine, Liver reflex area, Thyroid reflex area ) and conventional methods as (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Ultrasound Therapy and exercises) treatment.
mulligan mobilization and conventionalOther
Mulligan mobilization as (Lateral glide MWM for flexion / extension, Medial glide MWM for flexion / extension, Self-medial glide MWM for knee flexion/extension: home exercise) and conventional methods as (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Ultrasound Therapy and exercises) treatment.
Conventional treatmentOther
Conventional methods as (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Ultrasound Therapy and exercises) treatment.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Reflexology and conventional | Experimental | treatment all patient with knee osteoarthritis three times per week Receives: Other: reflexology and conventional |
| mulligan mobilization and conventional | Experimental | treatment all patient with knee osteoarthritis three times per week Receives: Other: mulligan mobilization and conventional |
| Reflexology ,mulligan mobilization and conventional | Experimental | treatment all patient with knee osteoarthritis three times per week Receives: Other: Reflexology ,mulligan mobilization and conventional; Other: mulligan mobilization and conventional |
| Conventional methods | Experimental | treatment all patient with knee osteoarthritis three times per week Receives: Other: Conventional treatment |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
visual analogue scale
consists of a line, usually 10 cm long, ranging from no pain or discomfort (zero), to the worst pain that could possibly feel (10)
Measured: one month
Secondary outcomes (1)
The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)
The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was developed as an extension of the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index with the purpose of evaluating short-term and long-term symptoms and function in subjects with knee injury and osteoarthritis. The KOOS holds five separately scored subscales: Pain, other Symptoms, Function in daily living (ADL), Function in Sport and Recreation (Sport/Rec), and knee-related Quality of Life (QOL)
Measured: one month
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Feb 2025
- Study start20 Feb 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion20 Feb 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion20 Apr 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Knee OsteoarthritisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Cairo UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Cairo University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Rania Ahmed Nassar, Cairo University
- Investigators
- Noran A Elbehary, Professor of physical Therapy, Principal investigator, basic science department, faculty of physical therapy cairo universityMariam O Grase, lecturer physical therapy, Principal investigator, basic science department, faculty of physical therapy cairo university
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06815016
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- P.T.REC/012/005479
- Status last verified
- Feb 2025
- First submitted
- 3 Feb 2025
- Last updated
- 7 Feb 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Bakir E, Baglama SS. The Effect of Foot Reflexology and Knee Massage With Black Cumin Seed Oil on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms. Holist Nurs Pract. 2026 Jan-Feb 01;40(1):56-65. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000714. Epub 2025 Nov 11.
PubMed 39642267Bhagat M, Neelapala YVR, Gangavelli R. Immediate effects of Mulligan's techniques on pain and functional mobility in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized control trial. Physiother Res Int. 2020 Jan;25(1):e1812. doi: 10.1002/pri.1812. Epub 2019 Sep 10.
PubMed 31502354
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Feb 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Adding Reflexology to Mulligan Mobilization for Patient With Knee Osteoarthritis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06815016
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- P.T.REC/012/005479
- Conditions
- Knee Osteoarthritis, Knee Osteoarthritis (Knee OA)
- Keywords
- Knee Osteoarthristis, reflexology, Mulligan's Mobilization
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Cairo UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 Feb 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 20 Feb 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 20 Apr 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 7 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
to investigate the effect of adding Reflexlogy to mulligan mobilization and the conventional treatment for patients with Osteoarthritis knees
Detailed description
Knee osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is typically the result of wear and tear and progressive loss of articular cartilage. Treatment by reflexology stimulation increases blood flow to the associated organ or body part. On the other hand, the nerve impulse theory claims that reflexology stimulation boosts nervous connection to the conforming body parts. Regarding to the energy theory; organs and body parts are connected through electromagnetic fields and that these pathways are blocked in states of disease. Finally, lactic acid theory pointed that lactic acid accumulates on the soles of the feet in the form of crystals which promotes free circulation, so reduces regular flow .The effects of foot reflexology on improving physical complains of KOA. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of reflexology foot massage on pain intensity and physical functional abilities among patients with Knee Osteoarthritis.
Mulligan's Mobilization with Movement (MWM) advocates therapist-applied accessory gliding force combined with active movement The goal of MWM is to achieve immediate pain relief possibly by regulation of the non-opioid pain sensory pathways and by correction of micro positional faults. These positional faults may result from changes in the shape of articular surfaces, cartilage thickness, fiber orientation in the capsule-ligamentous complex, and the direction of musculo-tendinous pull, causing altered mechanics in the osteoarthritic knees.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Reflexology and conventional | Experimental | Other: reflexology and conventionaltreatment all patient with knee osteoarthritis three times per week |
| mulligan mobilization and conventional | Experimental | Other: mulligan mobilization and conventionaltreatment all patient with knee osteoarthritis three times per week |
| Reflexology ,mulligan mobilization and conventional | Experimental | Other: Reflexology ,mulligan mobilization and conventional, Other: mulligan mobilization and conventionaltreatment all patient with knee osteoarthritis three times per week |
| Conventional methods | Experimental | Other: Conventional treatmenttreatment all patient with knee osteoarthritis three times per week |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Age greater than or equal to 40 years.
- Body Mass Index ≤30 kg/m².
- All participants have Calcium Deficiency
- Osteoarthritis in mild and moderate stage not in the acute stage
- The subjects were chosen from both genders
Key exclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Deep Vein Thrombosis
- Fractures
- Gangrena Patient
- Osteopenic Patient
- Lactating or pregnant women
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Reflexology ,mulligan mobilization and conventionalReflexology is a systematic practice in which applying some pressure to any particular points on the feet and hands give impacts on the health of related parts of the body as (Knee reflex point, Pituitary reflex point, Entire spine, Liver reflex area, Thyroid reflex area ) Mulligan's Mobilization with Movement (MWM) apply accessory gliding force combined with active movement as (Lateral glide MWM for flexion / extension, Medial glide MWM for flexion / extension, Self-medial glide MWM for knee flexion/extension: home exercise) | Other | Reflexology ,mulligan mobilization and conventional |
| reflexology and conventionalReflexology as (Knee reflex point, Pituitary reflex point, Entire spine, Liver reflex area, Thyroid reflex area ) and conventional methods as (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Ultrasound Therapy and exercises) treatment. | Other | Reflexology and conventional |
| mulligan mobilization and conventionalMulligan mobilization as (Lateral glide MWM for flexion / extension, Medial glide MWM for flexion / extension, Self-medial glide MWM for knee flexion/extension: home exercise) and conventional methods as (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Ultrasound Therapy and exercises) treatment. | Other | Reflexology ,mulligan mobilization and conventional, mulligan mobilization and conventional |
| Conventional treatmentConventional methods as (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Ultrasound Therapy and exercises) treatment. | Other | Conventional methods |
Primary outcome
visual analogue scale
Time frame: one month
consists of a line, usually 10 cm long, ranging from no pain or discomfort (zero), to the worst pain that could possibly feel (10)
1 secondary outcome
The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)
Time frame: one month
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Feb 2025.
- Background: PubMed 39642267Bakir E, Baglama SS. The Effect of Foot Reflexology and Knee Massage With Black Cumin Seed Oil on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms. Holist Nurs Pract. 2026 Jan-Feb 01;40(1):56-65. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000714. Epub 2025 Nov 11.
- Background: PubMed 31502354Bhagat M, Neelapala YVR, Gangavelli R. Immediate effects of Mulligan's techniques on pain and functional mobility in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized control trial. Physiother Res Int. 2020 Jan;25(1):e1812. doi: 10.1002/pri.1812. Epub 2019 Sep 10.
Related trials for Knee Osteoarthritis
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Effect of Anti-inflammatory Diet in Osteoarthritis
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The Feasibility of a Virtual/Home-based OA Treatment Program in Older Adults With OA and Multimorbidity
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Exploring Factors Linked to Worsening Over Time in People With Early-stage Knee Osteoarthritis and Those With Prior Proven Acute Knee Injury.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Noran A Elbehary, Professor of physical Therapy principal investigator
basic science department, faculty of physical therapy cairo university
Mariam O Grase, lecturer physical therapy principal investigator
basic science department, faculty of physical therapy cairo university
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Reflexology ,mulligan mobilization and conventional, reflexology and conventional and mulligan mobilization and conventional in people with Knee Osteoarthritis and Knee Osteoarthritis (Knee OA), run by Cairo University at 1 site in Egypt.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Feb 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Egypt. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Rania a nassar, master (01010618797, raniaanassar@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
visual analogue scale (time frame: one month). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06815016, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Feb 2025.