RunningGHLDRNCT06818253
Effect of Glycerol Hyperhydration on Running Economy of Long-distance Runners
A study testing The Effect of Glycerol Supplements in people with Running and Physical Conditioning, Human, run by Iberoamerican Institute of Sports Science and Human Movement at 1 site in Mexico.
Trial summary
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperhydration with glycerol on running economy (RE) in trained runners. The main questions sought to be answered are: 1. Does hyperhydration with glycerol improve running economy? 2. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Running, Physical Conditioning, Human
- What is being tested?
- The Effect of Glycerol Supplements
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMexico
- Study dates
- 10 Nov 2022to 13 Jan 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Competitive runners with a minimum record of 4.2 min/km.
- Age between 18 and 35 years old
- Apparently healthy athletes
- Signature of informed consent form
Who cannot join
- Presence of comorbidities that could alter the study variables (such as arterial hypertension, hyperthyroidism or heart disease).
- Consumption of medications or stimulants (such as caffeine or diuretics) 48 hours before the tests.
- Pregnancy.
- -
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Mexico1 site
Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Tonalá
Guadalajara, Jalisco, 45425
About this study
Official title: Effects of Glycerol Hyperhydration on Running Economy in Long-Distance Runners
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperhydration with glycerol on running economy (RE) in trained runners. The main questions sought to be answered are:
- Does hyperhydration with glycerol improve running economy?
- Are there beneficial effects on physical performance?
The researchers will conduct a clinical trial with 30 runners (15 men, 15 women) in three sessions. In the first session, VO2peak was determined and running speeds were established for sessions 2 and 3. In the second session, participants performed a stress test. In the second session, participants performed a running test in the euhydrated state under fluid restriction, and in the third session, with glycerol supplementation (22 ml/kg sports drink + 1.2 g/kg glycerol). Variables such as caloric cost unit (CCU), oxygen cost unit (OCU), heart rate (HR), body temperature (BT) and perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated.
- Conditions
- Running, Physical Conditioning, Human
- Being tested
- The Effect of Glycerol Supplements
- Keywords
- Glycerol, athletic performance, sports nutritional sciences, thermoregulation, running
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
The Effect of Glycerol SupplementsDietary supplement
The main factor that distinguishes this intervention is first of all the dosage of the dietary supplement and the effects on the variables to be analyzed related to physical performance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Arm glycerol supplementation | Experimental | This arm participated in a crossover design allowed minimizing interindividual variability by using each participant as their own control, evaluating the conditions of (1) hyperhydration with glycerol and (2) water restriction. The main variables evaluated were maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max), running economy (CE), calculated using the oxygen cost unit (OCU) and caloric cost unit (CCU), as well as body temperature, perception of exertion and sweating rate. Receives: Dietary Supplement: The Effect of Glycerol Supplements |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂peak) (ml/kg/min)
Session 1: VO2peak measurements through an incremental treadmill test with 2 km/h speed increments every 3 minutes, maintaining a constant 1% incline. The test started at 6 km/h for all participants and continued until volitional exhaustion
Measured: In the first evaluation session to be held in the first week of a total of 3 weeks of study duration
Running economy (CE)
Test under Hydration Restriction (No-GLY): As a mandatory requirement, participants reported to the laboratory in a euhydrated state (USG: 1.018-1.024) prior to the start of the test, following the criteria outlined in previous research [31]. They ran for 15 minutes on a treadmill at a speed equivalent to 65%-70% of their VO2peak from the first session. During the test, running economy variables such as the caloric cost unit (CCU), oxygen cost unit (OCU), body temperature (BT), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) via the Borg scale, and hydration status were measured.
Running Economy Calculation:
- The caloric cost unit (CCU) was calculated via the following equation [25]: CCU =((VO2 x δ x 1000)/(V x MC)) x 100 where VO2 is the oxygen consumption rate (L/min); δ is the kcal/L of oxygen based on the respiratory exchange ratio (RER); V is the speed (m/min); and MC is the body mass (kg).
Measured: In the first evaluation session to be held in the first week of a total of 3 weeks of study duration
Secondary outcomes (3)
Body temperature
The temperature will be measured during the running economy evaluation with an infrared thermometer (Berrcom® JXB-178).
Measured: Body temperature was measured during sessions 2 (No Gly) and 3 (Gly) at the following times: at minute 0 (prior to the start of each test) and at minutes 5, 10 and 15 during a treadmill test.
Perception of exertion
The Borg effort perception scale, with a range of scores from 6 to 20, was used during the three sessions, recording the perception of effort in each minute of the test according to the following classification:
- 6-7: Very very very light
- 8-9: Very light
- 10-11: Light
- 12-13: Regular
- 14-15: Heavy
- 16-17: Very heavy
- 18-19-20: Very very heavy
Measured: It was applied during the evaluation of the stress tests to determine the Vo2peak and Running Economy.
Sweating rate.
Fluctuations in body mass between the different sessions were evaluated.
Measured: In sessions 1 and 2, urine specific gravity (USG) was assessed, which was one of the key criteria for determining whether subjects could continue in the study without being eliminated.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Feb 2025
- Study start10 Nov 2022
- Primary completion13 Oct 2023
- Study completion13 Jan 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for RunningStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Iberoamerican Institute of Sports Science and Human Movement
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Guadalajara
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Cesar Octavio Ramos Garcia, PhD, Iberoamerican Institute of Sports Science and Human Movement
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06818253
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IICDEM-ID-001-2022
- Acronym
- GHLDR
- Status last verified
- Jan 2025
- First submitted
- 25 Jan 2025
- Last updated
- 10 Feb 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Jolicoeur Desroches A, Naulleau C, Deshayes TA, Parent-Roberge H, Pancrate T, Goulet EDB. Effect of Glycerol-Induced Hyperhydration on a 5-kilometer Running Time-Trial Performance in the Heat in Recreationally Active Individuals. Nutrients. 2023 Jan 24;15(3):599. doi: 10.3390/nu15030599.
PubMed 36771308Herrera-Amante CA, Garcia-Zepeda G, Garcia-Zepeda CE, Yanez-Sepulveda R, Clemente-Suarez VJ, Lopez-Gil JF, Octavio Ramos-Garcia C. Effects of glycerol hyperhidration on the running economy of long-distance runners: a randomized crossover clinical trial. Front Nutr. 2025 Aug 13;12:1630462. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1630462. eCollection 2025.
PubMed 40880737
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Feb 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Glycerol Hyperhydration on Running Economy in Long-Distance Runners
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06818253
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- GHLDR / IICDEM-ID-001-2022
- Conditions
- Running, Physical Conditioning, Human
- Keywords
- Glycerol, athletic performance, sports nutritional sciences, thermoregulation, running
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Iberoamerican Institute of Sports Science and Human MovementUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Guadalajara
- Study start
- 10 Nov 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 13 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 13 Jan 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperhydration with glycerol on running economy (RE) in trained runners. The main questions sought to be answered are:
- Does hyperhydration with glycerol improve running economy?
- Are there beneficial effects on physical performance?
The researchers will conduct a clinical trial with 30 runners (15 men, 15 women) in three sessions. In the first session, VO2peak was determined and running speeds were established for sessions 2 and 3. In the second session, participants performed a stress test. In the second session, participants performed a running test in the euhydrated state under fluid restriction, and in the third session, with glycerol supplementation (22 ml/kg sports drink + 1.2 g/kg glycerol). Variables such as caloric cost unit (CCU), oxygen cost unit (OCU), heart rate (HR), body temperature (BT) and perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Arm glycerol supplementation | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: The Effect of Glycerol SupplementsThis arm participated in a crossover design allowed minimizing interindividual variability by using each participant as their own control, evaluating the conditions of (1) hyperhydration with glycerol and (2) water restriction. The main variables evaluated were maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max), running economy (CE), calculated using the oxygen cost unit (OCU) and caloric cost unit (CCU), as well as body temperature, perception of exertion and sweating rate. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Competitive runners with a minimum record of 4.2 min/km.
- Age between 18 and 35 years old
- Apparently healthy athletes
- Signature of informed consent form
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Presence of comorbidities that could alter the study variables (such as arterial hypertension, hyperthyroidism or heart disease).
- Consumption of medications or stimulants (such as caffeine or diuretics) 48 hours before the tests.
- Pregnancy.
- -
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| The Effect of Glycerol SupplementsThe main factor that distinguishes this intervention is first of all the dosage of the dietary supplement and the effects on the variables to be analyzed related to physical performance. | Dietary supplement | Arm glycerol supplementation |
Primary outcome
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂peak) (ml/kg/min)
Time frame: In the first evaluation session to be held in the first week of a total of 3 weeks of study duration
Session 1: VO2peak measurements through an incremental treadmill test with 2 km/h speed increments every 3 minutes, maintaining a constant 1% incline. The test started at 6 km/h for all participants and continued until volitional exhaustion
Running economy (CE)
Time frame: In the first evaluation session to be held in the first week of a total of 3 weeks of study duration
Test under Hydration Restriction (No-GLY): As a mandatory requirement, participants reported to the laboratory in a euhydrated state (USG: 1.018-1.024) prior to the start of the test, following the criteria outlined in previous research [31]. They ran for 15 minutes on a treadmill at a speed equivalent to 65%-70% of their VO2peak from the first session. During the test, running economy variables such as the caloric cost unit (CCU), oxygen cost unit (OCU), body temperature (BT), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) via the Borg scale, and hydration status were measured. Running Economy Calculation: i) The caloric cost unit (CCU) was calculated via the following equation [25]: CCU =((VO2 x δ x 1000)/(V x MC)) x 100 where VO2 is the oxygen consumption rate (L/min); δ is the kcal/L of oxygen based on the respiratory exchange ratio (RER); V is the speed (m/min); and MC is the body mass (kg).
3 secondary outcomes
Body temperature
Time frame: Body temperature was measured during sessions 2 (No Gly) and 3 (Gly) at the following times: at minute 0 (prior to the start of each test) and at minutes 5, 10 and 15 during a treadmill test.
Perception of exertion
Time frame: It was applied during the evaluation of the stress tests to determine the Vo2peak and Running Economy.
Sweating rate.
Time frame: In sessions 1 and 2, urine specific gravity (USG) was assessed, which was one of the key criteria for determining whether subjects could continue in the study without being eliminated.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Feb 2025.
- Background: PubMed 36771308Jolicoeur Desroches A, Naulleau C, Deshayes TA, Parent-Roberge H, Pancrate T, Goulet EDB. Effect of Glycerol-Induced Hyperhydration on a 5-kilometer Running Time-Trial Performance in the Heat in Recreationally Active Individuals. Nutrients. 2023 Jan 24;15(3):599. doi: 10.3390/nu15030599.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40880737Herrera-Amante CA, Garcia-Zepeda G, Garcia-Zepeda CE, Yanez-Sepulveda R, Clemente-Suarez VJ, Lopez-Gil JF, Octavio Ramos-Garcia C. Effects of glycerol hyperhidration on the running economy of long-distance runners: a randomized crossover clinical trial. Front Nutr. 2025 Aug 13;12:1630462. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1630462. eCollection 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing The Effect of Glycerol Supplements in people with Running and Physical Conditioning, Human, run by Iberoamerican Institute of Sports Science and Human Movement at 1 site in Mexico.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Feb 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Mexico. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂peak) (ml/kg/min) (time frame: In the first evaluation session to be held in the first week of a total of 3 weeks of study duration). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06818253, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Feb 2025.