Scapular Muscle EnduranceNCT06846242
Validity and Reliability of the Scapular Muscular Endurance Test
An observational study of Scapular Muscle Endurance and Adolescent, run by Istinye University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The scapula plays a crucial role in proper shoulder function, contributing to synchronized scapular rotation during humeral motion, serving as a stable base for rotator cuff activation, and acting as a key link in the kinetic chain. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 10 to 19 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Scapular Muscle Endurance, Adolescent
- What is being tested?
- Assessment
- How many people
- 67 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 25 Feb 2025to 14 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 10 to 19 years
- All sexes
- Child, Adult
Study population: Adolescents between the ages of 10-19 will be included.
Who may be able to join
- Being between 10-19 years old
- Being willing to participate in the study
Who cannot join
- Those who have had major surgery or trauma related to the musculoskeletal system, especially the upper extremity and scapular region
- Those with neurological diseases
- Those with rheumatic diseases in the active phase
- Those with systemic diseases (Diabetes, hypothyroidism, infection, malignancy...)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Validity and Reliability of the Scapular Muscular Endurance Test in Adolescents
The scapula plays a crucial role in proper shoulder function, contributing to synchronized scapular rotation during humeral motion, serving as a stable base for rotator cuff activation, and acting as a key link in the kinetic chain. Each of these functions is essential for optimal arm movement and depends on the integrity of the surrounding shoulder anatomy. However, bone and soft tissue damage, as well as muscle weakness and shortening, can alter the scapula's roles, affecting both its resting position and dynamic motion. This altered scapular position and/or motion is referred to as scapular dyskinesia.
Although scapular dyskinesia is commonly observed in shoulder injuries, it is generally considered a nonspecific response to shoulder pain rather than a direct consequence of a specific glenohumeral pathology. Therefore, assessing the presence or absence of scapular dyskinesia is a critical component of clinical evaluation. A comprehensive assessment should include a visual examination of the scapula at rest and during dynamic humeral movements, as well as objective measurements of posture and the performance of scapular corrective maneuvers. These evaluations assist clinicians in determining the extent to which scapular involvement contributes to a given shoulder injury.
Read more
The treatment of scapular dyskinesia should begin with optimizing anatomical alignment, followed by restoring dynamic scapular stability through the strengthening of scapular stabilizers using kinetic chain-based rehabilitation protocols. The kinetic chain, as defined by Steindler, is "a combination of successive joints containing complex motor units." It describes the interconnected movement of joints, where adjacent segments interact to form a continuous chain of motion. This biomechanical model emphasizes that dysfunction in any part of the chain can impact movement quality in both upper and lower segments. The scapula is a foundational component within this system, with surrounding muscles playing a crucial role in stabilizing it.
Postural disorders such as kyphosis can lead to scapular deformities, negatively affecting scapular stability. Rehabilitation professionals and researchers increasingly use the Scapular Muscular Endurance Test (SMET) to assess scapular stability. Given that adolescents are at a heightened risk for musculoskeletal injuries, upper extremity assessments like the SKET may contribute significantly to evaluating this population. However, the validity and reliability of the SMET in adolescents have yet to be established.
This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the SKET in adolescents.
- Conditions
- Scapular Muscle Endurance, Adolescent
- Being tested
- Assessment
- Keywords
- Assessment, Performance, Upper Extremity, Psychometric Properties
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
AssessmentOther
The group in which the assessments will be made.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Adolescents Receives: Other: Assessment |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Scapular Endurance Test
The endurance of the scapular muscles will be evaluated with the Scapular Muscular Endurance Test (SMET). The SMET will be performed with the participants standing facing the wall, with the shoulders and elbows in a 90° flexion position. When both scapulae are in a neutral position, the most suitable length of 10 wooden bars of different lengths (18-36 cm) will be placed between the participant's elbows and a dynamometer will be placed between the participant's hands. In this position, the participant will be asked to perform shoulder external rotation until a load of one kilogram is reached on the dynamometer and to maintain this force, and the results will be recorded in seconds. The time the participant meets the test conditions will be recorded in seconds with a stopwatch. The test will be repeated twice with a five-minute break for rest, with the best score recorded for analysis.
Measured: 2 weeks
Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test
It will be used to evaluate upper extremity strength, endurance, and closed kinetic chain. The test will be performed following the instructions defined by de Oliveira et al. During the test, male participants will be placed in a push-up position and female participants in a modified push-up position (with knee support) on 2 tapes attached to the floor with a distance of 90 cm between their hands. Participants will be asked to touch their other hand with one hand while maintaining the push-up position for 15 seconds and the number of repetitions completed for the right and left will be recorded. The test will be repeated three times and the average of the values will be recorded. 45-second rest breaks will be given between each test.
Measured: 2 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Feb 2025
- Study start25 Feb 2025
- Primary completion30 Mar 2025
- Study completion14 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Scapular Muscle EnduranceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istinye UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 67 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istinye University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Kubra Koce, Istinye University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06846242
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 24-30
- Status last verified
- Apr 2025
- First submitted
- 24 Feb 2025
- Last updated
- 15 Apr 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Apr 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Validity and Reliability of the Scapular Muscular Endurance Test in Adolescents
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06846242
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 24-30
- Conditions
- Scapular Muscle Endurance, Adolescent
- Keywords
- Assessment, Performance, Upper Extremity, Psychometric Properties
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 67 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istinye UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 25 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 14 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The scapula plays a crucial role in proper shoulder function, contributing to synchronized scapular rotation during humeral motion, serving as a stable base for rotator cuff activation, and acting as a key link in the kinetic chain. Each of these functions is essential for optimal arm movement and depends on the integrity of the surrounding shoulder anatomy. However, bone and soft tissue damage, as well as muscle weakness and shortening, can alter the scapula's roles, affecting both its resting position and dynamic motion. This altered scapular position and/or motion is referred to as scapular dyskinesia.
Although scapular dyskinesia is commonly observed in shoulder injuries, it is generally considered a nonspecific response to shoulder pain rather than a direct consequence of a specific glenohumeral pathology. Therefore, assessing the presence or absence of scapular dyskinesia is a critical component of clinical evaluation. A comprehensive assessment should include a visual examination of the scapula at rest and during dynamic humeral movements, as well as objective measurements of posture and the performance of scapular corrective maneuvers. These evaluations assist clinicians in determining the extent to which scapular involvement contributes to a given shoulder injury.
The treatment of scapular dyskinesia should begin with optimizing anatomical alignment, followed by restoring dynamic scapular stability through the strengthening of scapular stabilizers using kinetic chain-based rehabilitation protocols. The kinetic chain, as defined by Steindler, is "a combination of successive joints containing complex motor units." It describes the interconnected movement of joints, where adjacent segments interact to form a continuous chain of motion. This biomechanical model emphasizes that dysfunction in any part of the chain can impact movement quality in both upper and lower segments. The scapula is a foundational component within this system, with surrounding muscles playing a crucial role in stabilizing it.
Postural disorders such as kyphosis can lead to scapular deformities, negatively affecting scapular stability. Rehabilitation professionals and researchers increasingly use the Scapular Muscular Endurance Test (SMET) to assess scapular stability. Given that adolescents are at a heightened risk for musculoskeletal injuries, upper extremity assessments like the SKET may contribute significantly to evaluating this population. However, the validity and reliability of the SMET in adolescents have yet to be established.
This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the SKET in adolescents.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | – | Other: AssessmentAdolescents |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 10 to 19 years
- Sex
- All
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
- Study population
- Adolescents between the ages of 10-19 will be included.
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Being between 10-19 years old
- Being willing to participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Those who have had major surgery or trauma related to the musculoskeletal system, especially the upper extremity and scapular region
- Those with neurological diseases
- Those with rheumatic diseases in the active phase
- Those with systemic diseases (Diabetes, hypothyroidism, infection, malignancy...)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| AssessmentThe group in which the assessments will be made. | Other | Group 1 |
Primary outcome
Scapular Endurance Test
Time frame: 2 weeks
The endurance of the scapular muscles will be evaluated with the Scapular Muscular Endurance Test (SMET). The SMET will be performed with the participants standing facing the wall, with the shoulders and elbows in a 90° flexion position. When both scapulae are in a neutral position, the most suitable length of 10 wooden bars of different lengths (18-36 cm) will be placed between the participant's elbows and a dynamometer will be placed between the participant's hands. In this position, the participant will be asked to perform shoulder external rotation until a load of one kilogram is reached on the dynamometer and to maintain this force, and the results will be recorded in seconds. The time the participant meets the test conditions will be recorded in seconds with a stopwatch. The test will be repeated twice with a five-minute break for rest, with the best score recorded for analysis.
Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test
Time frame: 2 weeks
It will be used to evaluate upper extremity strength, endurance, and closed kinetic chain. The test will be performed following the instructions defined by de Oliveira et al. During the test, male participants will be placed in a push-up position and female participants in a modified push-up position (with knee support) on 2 tapes attached to the floor with a distance of 90 cm between their hands. Participants will be asked to touch their other hand with one hand while maintaining the push-up position for 15 seconds and the number of repetitions completed for the right and left will be recorded. The test will be repeated three times and the average of the values will be recorded. 45-second rest breaks will be given between each test.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Apr 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
Related trials for Scapular Muscle Endurance
Active, not recruiting
Effects of a Wearable Postural Feedback Device on Scapular Muscle Endurance, Trunk Proprioception and Postural Awareness in Sedentary Office Workers
Postural Disorders, Sedentary Behavior
Recruiting
Core Stability vs Scapular Stabilization on Hand Grip Strength in Chronic Myofascial Neck Pain
Myofascial Neck Pain, Hand Grip Strength
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Scapular Muscle Endurance and Adolescent, run by Istinye University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Apr 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Scapular Endurance Test (time frame: 2 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Apr 2025.