Question Prompt ListNCT06847828
The Effectiveness of Using a Palliative Care QPL on the Selfefficacy and Preparedness of Indonesian Homecare Workers
A study testing QPL in people with Question Prompt List and Caregivers, run by Den,Yu-Yun at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
Foreign studies on caregivers' use of QPL in end-of-life care, decision-making, and satisfaction are mostly conducted with family members who share the same language. Foreign family caregivers are a local cultural feature of Taiwan. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 65 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Question Prompt List, Caregivers, End-of-life Care
- What is being tested?
- QPL
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 31 Aug 2023to 31 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 65 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Those who are fluent in Mandarin or Indonesian and have no reading or hearing impairment;
- Agree to accept the commission and the Taxation Committee issues a letter of approval for the legal Indonesian guardian
Who cannot join
- Those who are unable to communicate in Mandarin or Indonesian;
- The employer of the patient has changed jobs and the patient cannot be contacted after the patient passes away;
- Those who are under great pressure of end-of-life care or are physically unfit to take the questionnaire
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effectiveness of Using a Palliative Care Question Prompt List on the Selfefficacy and Preparedness of Indonesian Homecare Workers in Providing End-of-Life Care to Terminally Ill Patients
Foreign studies on caregivers' use of QPL in end-of-life care, decision-making, and satisfaction are mostly conducted with family members who share the same language. Foreign family caregivers are a local cultural feature of Taiwan. This study explores the role of foreign family caregivers in end-of-life care in Taiwan. Cultural issues and differences, whether the number of questions asked, care readiness and self-efficacy can be increased after the intervention of the end-of-life care QPL, and the use of QPL that is appropriate for Indonesian culture to communicate and prepare for end-of-life care in hospice home care, is expected to provide A reference for communication between medical teams and foreign home caregivers and improvement of care quality.
Read the detailed description
Research Background and Purpose Since Taiwan allowed the employment of foreign family caregivers in 1992, the proportion of caregiving roles taken up by these workers has steadily increased. However, many foreign family caregivers lack the cognitive and social skills needed for end-of-life care. When faced with challenges, they often resort to sending patients back to the hospital, resulting in higher medical costs. These caregivers frequently do not know what to expect or how to ask relevant questions, underscoring the need for clear information to assist them in communicating with healthcare teams. The Question Prompt List (QPL) is a simple, personalized, and cost-effective tool that helps individuals structure their thoughts, ask questions, gain a sense of control, gather information, and facilitate communication between caregivers and healthcare providers.
Although there has been increasing domestic research on the caregiving abilities and stress of foreign caregivers, studies on communication tools for end-of-life care are limited. Internationally, research on the use of QPLs in end-of-life caregiving often focuses on family members sharing a common language, but Taiwan's reliance on foreign caregivers presents unique cultural characteristics. This study explores the challenges and cultural differences experienced by foreign caregivers in Taiwan's end-of-life care setting. It examines whether using a culturally appropriate QPL tailored to Indonesian caregivers can enhance the number and quality of questions raised during communication and improve the overall effectiveness of communication. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for improving communication and care quality between healthcare teams and foreign caregivers. Research Method V This study adopts a two-group randomized experimental design supplemented by qualitative data analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of a QPL in end-of-life care. The participants are Indonesian caregivers working in hospice wards or providing home care at a medical center in eastern Taiwan. The experimental group received QPL intervention as part of end-of-life care education and communication, while the control group received standard education and communication guidance. The outcome measures include self-designed questionnaires assessing communication self-efficacy, caregiving preparedness, and communication satisfaction. Paired t-tests and ANCOVA were used to analyze differences between pretest and posttest results within and between groups. Qualitative data were collected through feedback records during the communication guidance process and semi- structured interviews to gather participants' experiences and perceptions of using the QPL.
- Conditions
- Question Prompt List, Caregivers, End-of-life Care
- Being tested
- QPL
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
QPLOther
The QPL is in the form of a structured list of questions that caregivers would like to ask. It includes 17 questions on concept communication and 20 questions on end-of-life care. You can check the questions you want to ask and then discuss them with the medical team.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | During recruitment, the researcher contacts participants 1-3 days before the nurse's visit to explain the study and obtain consent. After signing, participants complete a pretest questionnaire and are randomly assigned to the experimental or control group.
To assess baseline question-asking ability, the researcher first asks if participants have any caregiving-related questions. The intervention group receives the Indonesian QPL, consent form, and questionnaire, with instructions on QPL use.
Within three days post-pretest, the researcher observes a nurse's visit without interfering, recording participant questions with consent. After the health education session, posttest data on end-of-life care preparedness, communication self-efficacy, and satisfaction are collected. Receives: Other: QPL |
| control group. | No intervention | During recruitment, the researcher contacts participants 1-3 days before the nurse's visit to explain the study and obtain consent. After signing, participants complete a pretest questionnaire and are randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. To assess baseline question-asking ability, the researcher first asks if participants have any caregiving-related questions. The control group receives an Indonesian consent form and questionnaire, with usual health education provided by nurses. Translation support is available if needed. Within three days post-pretest, the researcher observes a nurse's visit without interfering, recording participant questions with consent. Afterward, posttest data on end-of-life care preparedness, communication self-efficacy, and satisfaction are collected. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
caregiving preparedness
The scale assesses two aspects: "Preparedness for Patient Care" and "Preparedness for Caregiving Situations." A score of 1 indicates no preparedness, while 10 indicates full preparedness. Higher scores reflect greater perceived readiness.
Measured: 3 days
communication self-efficacy
The communication self-efficacy measure was designed to measure the Indonesian home caregivers' ability and confidence in the communication process, with a total of 7 questions. Respondents responded on a scale of 1-10, with 1 being "very unconfident", 5 being "average", and 10 being "very confident".Higher scores reflect greater self-efficacy.
Measured: 3days
satisfaction levels
Communication satisfaction questionnaire. The control group had 9 questions and the intervention group had 15 questions (including the experience of using the end-of-life care questionnaire). 1 is "not prepared at all", 2 is "somewhat prepared", 3 is "average", 4 is "mostly prepared", and 5 is "very prepared". The higher the score, the higher the satisfaction.
Measured: 3days
number of questions asked education communication
Within 3 days after the pretest, the researcher and the nurse visited the case together. During the visit, the researcher was a bystander and did not intervene in the communication and interaction between the nurse and the case. He only recorded the case's questions during the interaction process and asked for consent during the interaction process. The results were recorded in the form of audio recordings. The experimental group asked an Indonesian home care worker to review the content, circle or ask questions they wanted to know. The results of the audio recordings of the research process were translated into text and analyzed by two senior nurses with a master's degree or above. After the analysis was completed, the researcher and the two analysts held a consensus meeting to communicate on the inconsistent parts. The completed result is to calculate the number of questions asked in the communication interaction process.
Measured: 3days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Feb 2025
- Study start31 Aug 2023
- Primary completion31 Dec 2024
- Study completion31 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Question Prompt ListStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- randomized control-group pretest-posttest design
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Den,Yu-Yun
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Den,Yu-Yun, Tzu Chi University
- Investigators
- Chuan Mei Chang, Study director, Ph.D
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06847828
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IRB112-186-B
- Status last verified
- Feb 2025
- First submitted
- 23 Jan 2025
- Last updated
- 26 Feb 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Feb 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effectiveness of Using a Palliative Care Question Prompt List on the Selfefficacy and Preparedness of Indonesian Homecare Workers in Providing End-of-Life Care to Terminally Ill Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06847828
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IRB112-186-B
- Conditions
- Question Prompt List, Caregivers, End-of-life Care
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Den,Yu-YunUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 31 Aug 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Foreign studies on caregivers' use of QPL in end-of-life care, decision-making, and satisfaction are mostly conducted with family members who share the same language. Foreign family caregivers are a local cultural feature of Taiwan. This study explores the role of foreign family caregivers in end-of-life care in Taiwan. Cultural issues and differences, whether the number of questions asked, care readiness and self-efficacy can be increased after the intervention of the end-of-life care QPL, and the use of QPL that is appropriate for Indonesian culture to communicate and prepare for end-of-life care in hospice home care, is expected to provide A reference for communication between medical teams and foreign home caregivers and improvement of care quality.
Detailed description
Research Background and Purpose Since Taiwan allowed the employment of foreign family caregivers in 1992, the proportion of caregiving roles taken up by these workers has steadily increased. However, many foreign family caregivers lack the cognitive and social skills needed for end-of-life care. When faced with challenges, they often resort to sending patients back to the hospital, resulting in higher medical costs. These caregivers frequently do not know what to expect or how to ask relevant questions, underscoring the need for clear information to assist them in communicating with healthcare teams. The Question Prompt List (QPL) is a simple, personalized, and cost-effective tool that helps individuals structure their thoughts, ask questions, gain a sense of control, gather information, and facilitate communication between caregivers and healthcare providers.
Although there has been increasing domestic research on the caregiving abilities and stress of foreign caregivers, studies on communication tools for end-of-life care are limited. Internationally, research on the use of QPLs in end-of-life caregiving often focuses on family members sharing a common language, but Taiwan's reliance on foreign caregivers presents unique cultural characteristics. This study explores the challenges and cultural differences experienced by foreign caregivers in Taiwan's end-of-life care setting. It examines whether using a culturally appropriate QPL tailored to Indonesian caregivers can enhance the number and quality of questions raised during communication and improve the overall effectiveness of communication. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for improving communication and care quality between healthcare teams and foreign caregivers. Research Method V This study adopts a two-group randomized experimental design supplemented by qualitative data analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of a QPL in end-of-life care. The participants are Indonesian caregivers working in hospice wards or providing home care at a medical center in eastern Taiwan. The experimental group received QPL intervention as part of end-of-life care education and communication, while the control group received standard education and communication guidance. The outcome measures include self-designed questionnaires assessing communication self-efficacy, caregiving preparedness, and communication satisfaction. Paired t-tests and ANCOVA were used to analyze differences between pretest and posttest results within and between groups. Qualitative data were collected through feedback records during the communication guidance process and semi- structured interviews to gather participants' experiences and perceptions of using the QPL.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- randomized control-group pretest-posttest design
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | Other: QPLDuring recruitment, the researcher contacts participants 1-3 days before the nurse's visit to explain the study and obtain consent. After signing, participants complete a pretest questionnaire and are randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. To assess baseline question-asking ability, the researcher first asks if participants have any caregiving-related questions. The intervention group receives the Indonesian QPL, consent form, and questionnaire, with instructions on QPL use. Within three days post-pretest, the researcher observes a nurse's visit without interfering, recording participant questions with consent. After the health education session, posttest data on end-of-life care preparedness, communication self-efficacy, and satisfaction are collected. |
| control group. | No intervention | –During recruitment, the researcher contacts participants 1-3 days before the nurse's visit to explain the study and obtain consent. After signing, participants complete a pretest questionnaire and are randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. To assess baseline question-asking ability, the researcher first asks if participants have any caregiving-related questions. The control group receives an Indonesian consent form and questionnaire, with usual health education provided by nurses. Translation support is available if needed. Within three days post-pretest, the researcher observes a nurse's visit without interfering, recording participant questions with consent. Afterward, posttest data on end-of-life care preparedness, communication self-efficacy, and satisfaction are collected. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 65 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Those who are fluent in Mandarin or Indonesian and have no reading or hearing impairment;
- Agree to accept the commission and the Taxation Committee issues a letter of approval for the legal Indonesian guardian
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Those who are unable to communicate in Mandarin or Indonesian;
- The employer of the patient has changed jobs and the patient cannot be contacted after the patient passes away;
- Those who are under great pressure of end-of-life care or are physically unfit to take the questionnaire
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| QPLThe QPL is in the form of a structured list of questions that caregivers would like to ask. It includes 17 questions on concept communication and 20 questions on end-of-life care. You can check the questions you want to ask and then discuss them with the medical team. | Other | Experimental Group |
Primary outcome
caregiving preparedness
Time frame: 3 days
The scale assesses two aspects: "Preparedness for Patient Care" and "Preparedness for Caregiving Situations." A score of 1 indicates no preparedness, while 10 indicates full preparedness. Higher scores reflect greater perceived readiness.
communication self-efficacy
Time frame: 3days
The communication self-efficacy measure was designed to measure the Indonesian home caregivers' ability and confidence in the communication process, with a total of 7 questions. Respondents responded on a scale of 1-10, with 1 being "very unconfident", 5 being "average", and 10 being "very confident".Higher scores reflect greater self-efficacy.
satisfaction levels
Time frame: 3days
Communication satisfaction questionnaire. The control group had 9 questions and the intervention group had 15 questions (including the experience of using the end-of-life care questionnaire). 1 is "not prepared at all", 2 is "somewhat prepared", 3 is "average", 4 is "mostly prepared", and 5 is "very prepared". The higher the score, the higher the satisfaction.
number of questions asked education communication
Time frame: 3days
Within 3 days after the pretest, the researcher and the nurse visited the case together. During the visit, the researcher was a bystander and did not intervene in the communication and interaction between the nurse and the case. He only recorded the case's questions during the interaction process and asked for consent during the interaction process. The results were recorded in the form of audio recordings. The experimental group asked an Indonesian home care worker to review the content, circle or ask questions they wanted to know. The results of the audio recordings of the research process were translated into text and analyzed by two senior nurses with a master's degree or above. After the analysis was completed, the researcher and the two analysts held a consensus meeting to communicate on the inconsistent parts. The completed result is to calculate the number of questions asked in the communication interaction process.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Feb 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Chuan Mei Chang study director
Ph.D
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing QPL in people with Question Prompt List and Caregivers, run by Den,Yu-Yun at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Feb 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
caregiving preparedness (time frame: 3 days). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Feb 2025.