Nursing StudentsNCT06863792
ChatGPT-Assisted Hypertension Knowledge in Nursing Students
A study testing ChatGPT in people with Nursing Students and Artificial Intelligence, run by Ankara University.
Trial summary
ChatGPT provides quick access to information, research support, and study materials, but concerns remain regarding its reliability, accuracy, and inability to offer personalized care principles essential in nursing. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nursing Students, Artificial Intelligence, Hypertension
- What is being tested?
- ChatGPT
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 96 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 10 Mar 2025to 10 May 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- To be enrolled in the nursing program at a private university, during the 2024-2025 academic year.
- To have taken the Internal Medicine Nursing course (In this course, students receive 4 hours of theoretical lessons on nursing care for hypertension patients).
- To be willing to volunteer for participation in the study.
Who cannot join
- Students who wish to withdraw from the research at any stage will not be included in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: ChatGPT-Assisted Hypertension Knowledge in Nursing Students: Assessment of Accuracy, AI Anxiety, and Cognitive Load
ChatGPT provides quick access to information, research support, and study materials, but concerns remain regarding its reliability, accuracy, and inability to offer personalized care principles essential in nursing. Although previous studies show its high accuracy in clinical responses, over-reliance on AI-generated medical information necessitates cautious use. The study will explore both the benefits and limitations of ChatGPT in nursing education, particularly in hypertension learning.
Read the detailed description
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in education is increasing rapidly. ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, is an AI-based chatbot that provides an interactive learning environment. It generates fluent and knowledge-based responses based on books, online sources, and articles published until 2021. The widespread adoption of ChatGPT across various fields has sparked debates about its role and limitations. In nursing education, students frequently use ChatGPT for quick access to information, research support, and exam preparation. However, concerns regarding its reliability arise due to the unknown sources of its responses and the potential for misinformation. ChatGPT also has limitations in interpreting complex, context-dependent answers and lacks the ability to apply the principle of individualized care, which is fundamental in nursing practice.
Studies have demonstrated ChatGPT's varying performance in the healthcare field. Hypertension, a chronic disease affecting over a billion people worldwide, is a critical topic for nursing students, as their understanding of the condition can positively impact patient care. Previous research has shown that ChatGPT provides clinically appropriate answers to hypertension-related questions with a high accuracy rate of 92.5%. Additionally, the GPT-4 version of ChatGPT correctly answered over 86% of the questions in the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE).
This randomized controlled study aims to assess the effectiveness of ChatGPT in teaching hypertension to nursing students while also evaluating their levels of AI-related anxiety and cognitive load. Given the increasing presence of AI tools in education, understanding both their advantages and limitations is crucial for their optimal integration into nursing education.
The study population consists of students enrolled in the nursing program at a private university. The study aims to reach the entire population, specifically 96 students who have completed the Internal Medicine Nursing course. Students meeting the inclusion criteria will be informed about the study and invited to participate. Volunteers will complete an Introductory Information Form and be randomly assigned to intervention (ChatGPT) or control groups in a 1:1 ratio using computer-based randomization (48 students per group). The intervention group will answer questions from the Hypertension Prevention Attitude Scale using ChatGPT, while the control group will use traditional methods. Afterward, both groups will complete the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale and Cognitive Load Scale, concluding data collection. All collected data will be analyzed using the SPSS for Windows 22.0 statistical software package.
- Conditions
- Nursing Students, Artificial Intelligence, Hypertension
- Being tested
- ChatGPT
- Keywords
- nursing students, artificial intelligence, Hypertension, nursing education
- Medical subject headings
- Hypertension
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ChatGPTOther
Also called Control Group
Students in the intervention group will answer the questions from the Hypertension Prevention Attitude Scale using ChatGPT.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ChatGPT Group | Experimental | Students in the intervention group will answer the questions from the Hypertension Prevention Attitude Scale using ChatGPT. Receives: Other: ChatGPT |
| Control Group | No intervention | In the control group students will respond Hypertension Prevention Attitude Scale using traditional methods. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Hypertension Prevention Attitudes Scale
The scale consists of 26 items and subdimensions, including protection and control, habits and lifestyle, nutrition attitudes, mental state and physical activity, and disease and risk knowledge. The items are rated on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from "Strongly Disagree" to "Strongly Agree." The scale scores can range from 26 to 130. There is a positive relationship between the scale scores and attitudes toward hypertension prevention. The Cronbach's alpha value of the scale is 0.91.
Measured: At the beginning of the study first admission.
Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale
The Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale (AIAS) was developed by Wang and Wang (2019) and adapted into Turkish by Akkaya et al. (2021). The scale is a 5-point Likert type, consisting of 21 items and 4 factors. These factors are: Learning, Job Change, Socio-technical Blindness, and Artificial Intelligence Structuring. The minimum score that can be obtained from the scale is 21, and the maximum score is 105. A higher score indicates a higher level of AI anxiety. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale is reported to be 0.95.
Measured: Immediately after the intervention (answering the scale questions)
Cognitive Load Scale
The scale developed by Paas and Van Merriënboer (1993) aims to measure the cognitive load of students during individual study processes. It was adapted into Turkish by Kılıç and Karadeniz (2004). The scale is a symmetric, Likert-type scale with scores ranging from 1 to 9. It allows the assessment of the effort a student exerts during their individual learning process. According to the scale, cognitive load increases from 1 to 9. Scores between 1-4 are considered low cognitive load, while scores between 5-9 are considered high cognitive load. Paas and Van Merriënboer (1993) reported an internal consistency coefficient of 0.82 for the scale, while Kılıç and Karadeniz (2004) calculated an internal consistency coefficient of 0.90 for the Turkish version.
Measured: Immediately after the intervention (answering the scale questions)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Mar 2025
- Study start10 Mar 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion10 Apr 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion10 May 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Nursing StudentsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Students will be randomly assigned to the intervention (ChatGPT) and control groups in a 1:1 allocation ratio. Group assignments will be determined using a computer-based randomization table, with 48 students in the intervention group and 48 in the control group, placed in separate classrooms. Students in the intervention group will answer the questions from the Hypertension Prevention Attitude Scale using ChatGPT, while those in the control group will respond using traditional methods.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 96 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nursemin ÜNAL, Ankara University
- Investigators
- Nursemin UNAL, Assoc. Prof., Principal investigator, Ankara University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06863792
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025-2
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 26 Feb 2025
- Last updated
- 7 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Alkhaqani, A. L. (2023). Can ChatGPT help researchers with scientific research writing. Journal of Medical Research and Reviews, 1(1), 9-12. https://doi.org/10.5455/JMRR.20230626013424
Branum C, Schiavenato M. Can ChatGPT Accurately Answer a PICOT Question? Assessing AI Response to a Clinical Question. Nurse Educ. 2023 Sep-Oct 01;48(5):231-233. doi: 10.1097/NNE.0000000000001436. Epub 2023 Apr 28.
PubMed 37130197Abdulai AF, Hung L. Will ChatGPT undermine ethical values in nursing education, research, and practice? Nurs Inq. 2023 Jul;30(3):e12556. doi: 10.1111/nin.12556. Epub 2023 Apr 26. No abstract available.
PubMed 37101311Goktas, P., Kucukkaya, A., & Karacay, P. (2024). Utilizing GPT 4.0 with prompt learning in nursing education: A case study approach based on Benner's theory. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 19(2), e358-e367.
Sallam M. ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Systematic Review on the Promising Perspectives and Valid Concerns. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Mar 19;11(6):887. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11060887.
PubMed 36981544Wang, Y. Y. & Wang, Y. S. (2019). Development and validation of an artificial intelligence anxiety scale: an initial application in predicting motivated learning behavior. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1674887
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- ChatGPT-Assisted Hypertension Knowledge in Nursing Students: Assessment of Accuracy, AI Anxiety, and Cognitive Load
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06863792
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2025-2
- Conditions
- Nursing Students, Artificial Intelligence, Hypertension
- Keywords
- nursing students, artificial intelligence, Hypertension, nursing education
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 96 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Mar 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 10 Apr 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 10 May 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 7 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
ChatGPT provides quick access to information, research support, and study materials, but concerns remain regarding its reliability, accuracy, and inability to offer personalized care principles essential in nursing. Although previous studies show its high accuracy in clinical responses, over-reliance on AI-generated medical information necessitates cautious use. The study will explore both the benefits and limitations of ChatGPT in nursing education, particularly in hypertension learning.
Detailed description
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in education is increasing rapidly. ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, is an AI-based chatbot that provides an interactive learning environment. It generates fluent and knowledge-based responses based on books, online sources, and articles published until 2021. The widespread adoption of ChatGPT across various fields has sparked debates about its role and limitations. In nursing education, students frequently use ChatGPT for quick access to information, research support, and exam preparation. However, concerns regarding its reliability arise due to the unknown sources of its responses and the potential for misinformation. ChatGPT also has limitations in interpreting complex, context-dependent answers and lacks the ability to apply the principle of individualized care, which is fundamental in nursing practice.
Studies have demonstrated ChatGPT's varying performance in the healthcare field. Hypertension, a chronic disease affecting over a billion people worldwide, is a critical topic for nursing students, as their understanding of the condition can positively impact patient care. Previous research has shown that ChatGPT provides clinically appropriate answers to hypertension-related questions with a high accuracy rate of 92.5%. Additionally, the GPT-4 version of ChatGPT correctly answered over 86% of the questions in the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE).
This randomized controlled study aims to assess the effectiveness of ChatGPT in teaching hypertension to nursing students while also evaluating their levels of AI-related anxiety and cognitive load. Given the increasing presence of AI tools in education, understanding both their advantages and limitations is crucial for their optimal integration into nursing education.
The study population consists of students enrolled in the nursing program at a private university. The study aims to reach the entire population, specifically 96 students who have completed the Internal Medicine Nursing course. Students meeting the inclusion criteria will be informed about the study and invited to participate. Volunteers will complete an Introductory Information Form and be randomly assigned to intervention (ChatGPT) or control groups in a 1:1 ratio using computer-based randomization (48 students per group). The intervention group will answer questions from the Hypertension Prevention Attitude Scale using ChatGPT, while the control group will use traditional methods. Afterward, both groups will complete the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale and Cognitive Load Scale, concluding data collection. All collected data will be analyzed using the SPSS for Windows 22.0 statistical software package.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Students will be randomly assigned to the intervention (ChatGPT) and control groups in a 1:1 allocation ratio. Group assignments will be determined using a computer-based randomization table, with 48 students in the intervention group and 48 in the control group, placed in separate classrooms. Students in the intervention group will answer the questions from the Hypertension Prevention Attitude Scale using ChatGPT, while those in the control group will respond using traditional methods.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| ChatGPT Group | Experimental | Other: ChatGPTStudents in the intervention group will answer the questions from the Hypertension Prevention Attitude Scale using ChatGPT. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –In the control group students will respond Hypertension Prevention Attitude Scale using traditional methods. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- To be enrolled in the nursing program at a private university, during the 2024-2025 academic year.
- To have taken the Internal Medicine Nursing course (In this course, students receive 4 hours of theoretical lessons on nursing care for hypertension patients).
- To be willing to volunteer for participation in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Students who wish to withdraw from the research at any stage will not be included in the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ChatGPTAlso: Control GroupStudents in the intervention group will answer the questions from the Hypertension Prevention Attitude Scale using ChatGPT. | Other | ChatGPT Group |
Primary outcome
Hypertension Prevention Attitudes Scale
Time frame: At the beginning of the study first admission.
The scale consists of 26 items and subdimensions, including protection and control, habits and lifestyle, nutrition attitudes, mental state and physical activity, and disease and risk knowledge. The items are rated on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from "Strongly Disagree" to "Strongly Agree." The scale scores can range from 26 to 130. There is a positive relationship between the scale scores and attitudes toward hypertension prevention. The Cronbach's alpha value of the scale is 0.91.
Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (answering the scale questions)
The Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale (AIAS) was developed by Wang and Wang (2019) and adapted into Turkish by Akkaya et al. (2021). The scale is a 5-point Likert type, consisting of 21 items and 4 factors. These factors are: Learning, Job Change, Socio-technical Blindness, and Artificial Intelligence Structuring. The minimum score that can be obtained from the scale is 21, and the maximum score is 105. A higher score indicates a higher level of AI anxiety. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale is reported to be 0.95.
Cognitive Load Scale
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (answering the scale questions)
The scale developed by Paas and Van Merriënboer (1993) aims to measure the cognitive load of students during individual study processes. It was adapted into Turkish by Kılıç and Karadeniz (2004). The scale is a symmetric, Likert-type scale with scores ranging from 1 to 9. It allows the assessment of the effort a student exerts during their individual learning process. According to the scale, cognitive load increases from 1 to 9. Scores between 1-4 are considered low cognitive load, while scores between 5-9 are considered high cognitive load. Paas and Van Merriënboer (1993) reported an internal consistency coefficient of 0.82 for the scale, while Kılıç and Karadeniz (2004) calculated an internal consistency coefficient of 0.90 for the Turkish version.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Mar 2025.
- BackgroundAlkhaqani, A. L. (2023). Can ChatGPT help researchers with scientific research writing. Journal of Medical Research and Reviews, 1(1), 9-12. https://doi.org/10.5455/JMRR.20230626013424
- Background: PubMed 37130197Branum C, Schiavenato M. Can ChatGPT Accurately Answer a PICOT Question? Assessing AI Response to a Clinical Question. Nurse Educ. 2023 Sep-Oct 01;48(5):231-233. doi: 10.1097/NNE.0000000000001436. Epub 2023 Apr 28.
- Background: PubMed 37101311Abdulai AF, Hung L. Will ChatGPT undermine ethical values in nursing education, research, and practice? Nurs Inq. 2023 Jul;30(3):e12556. doi: 10.1111/nin.12556. Epub 2023 Apr 26. No abstract available.
- BackgroundGoktas, P., Kucukkaya, A., & Karacay, P. (2024). Utilizing GPT 4.0 with prompt learning in nursing education: A case study approach based on Benner's theory. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 19(2), e358-e367.
- Background: PubMed 36981544Sallam M. ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Systematic Review on the Promising Perspectives and Valid Concerns. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Mar 19;11(6):887. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11060887.
- BackgroundWang, Y. Y. & Wang, Y. S. (2019). Development and validation of an artificial intelligence anxiety scale: an initial application in predicting motivated learning behavior. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1674887
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Nursemin UNAL, Assoc. Prof. principal investigator
Ankara University
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing ChatGPT in people with Nursing Students and Artificial Intelligence, run by Ankara University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Nursemin Unal, Assoc. Prof. (+905077433629, nurse_unal@hotmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Hypertension Prevention Attitudes Scale (time frame: At the beginning of the study first admission.). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06863792, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Mar 2025.