AnemiaCEEPBMNCT06878105
Patient Blood Management Implementation in CEE Study
An observational study of Anemia and Coagulopathy, run by Semmelweis University at 1 site in Hungary.
Trial summary
The goal of the study is data collection on available fixed and personal assets required for Patient Blood Management (elements of the 3 pillars of PBM) in Central Eastern Europe countries hospitals, status before and after PBM training. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Anemia, Coagulopathy
- What is being tested?
- Data collection on interventions performs as per medical routine
- How many people
- 2,000 participants
- Where
- 1 siteHungary
- Study dates
- 27 May 2024to 31 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Patients undergoing elective surgerical interventions with medium or high bleeding risk during predefined two times one week periods - one week at basline and one week after 6 months
Who may be able to join
- patients above 18 years of age
- patients undergoing elective medium and high bleeding risk surgical intervention defined as moderate (<500 ml) and high (≥ 500 ml)
- patient consent
Who cannot join
- no patient consent
- patients under 18 years of age
- pregnant patients
- surgery with a low risk of bleeding
- the patient underwent emergency (non-elective) surgery
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Hungary1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Semmelweis University
Budapest, 1085
János Fazakas, Ass. Prof., +36208258560, jancsidora@gmail.com
Aniko Smudla, +36304362384, aniko_smudla@yahoo.com
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of Fixed and Personal Assets for Patient Blood Management Implementation in CEE Countries in Practice
The goal of the study is data collection on available fixed and personal assets required for Patient Blood Management (elements of the 3 pillars of PBM) in Central Eastern Europe countries hospitals, status before and after PBM training.
Read the detailed description
The goals of the PBM program:
- Improving patient care and optimizing blood management - quality assurance
- bleeding management based on latest scientific guidelines including:
- reduction of transfusion and better outcomes
- optimization of blood reserves
- introduction and acceptance of hospital protocols Previous research has identified gaps concerning implementation of PBM elements in CEE region calling for further research and training: anemia is not being managed appropriately, there are no protocols in place, patient journey is not clearly defined, it is not clear at which department should be anemia treated; availability of POC devices varies largely among countries; local protocols for management of severe bleeding are also missing in many hospitals.
Investigators plan to collect PBM implementation indicators in hospitals before PBM training at a given start point as baseline (first self audit) and re-evaluate achievements after 6 months after training (second self audit).
Investigators plan to define 2x1 week "snapshot" period for detailed analysis of perioperative approach at patient level (1 week at the beginning of the study and 1 week after 6 month).
Investigators assume that properly conducted self-audits followed by PBM training, optimizing local protocols and patient journeys, a reduction in the use of perioperative blood products may be achieved, which, in addition to the currently experienced decrease in the desire to donate blood, may lead to a more rational blood product management and better patient outcomes.
PBM Implementation indicators for hospitals (data to be collected):
- PBM administration \& training data - are there PBM managers/local protocols available? was there any PBM training of staff performed?
- Pilar I.: data about diagnosis and management of anemia; patient pathways; medications used to treat anemia
- Pilar II.: blood saving techniques; usage of blood products (transfusion) and/or factor concentrates; iatrogenic blood loss - lab test tubes size
- Pilar III.: RBC tranfusion triggers;
Patient level data:
- age, gender, type of surgical intervention
- data about anemia management (performed or not by whom, when and what treatment was received if any
- data about existing anticoagulant therapy an management
- data about bleeding management (blood loss, transfusion requirements, factor concentrates (used quantities per routine medical intervention), POC tests evaluations if any, and standard laboratory test performed per routine medical approach before, during and after surgery
- data about postoperative outcomes
- Conditions
- Anemia, Coagulopathy
- Being tested
- Data collection on interventions performs as per medical routine
- Medical subject headings
- Anemia, Hemostatic Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Data collection on interventions performs as per medical routineOther
No intervention other than routine medical practice
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Hospital self audit data baseline before PBM training | Anticipated 50 hospitals from Hungary, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Austria. Only data about drugs/blood products used as medical routine will be recorded - no evaluation of any drug effect/efficacy. Receives: Other: Data collection on interventions performs as per medical routine | |
| Hospital self audit data after 6 month after PBM training | Anticipated 50 hospitals from Hungary, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Austria.Only data about drugs/blood products used as medical routine will be recorded - no evaluation of any drug effect/efficacy. Receives: Other: Data collection on interventions performs as per medical routine |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Was the PBM training able to significantly reduce the use of blood products in the audited periods?
Identification of local and country level PBM gaps during the first self audit followed by training and corrective measures, reidentification of remaining local and country level PBM gaps during the second self audit:
- Reduction of RBC, FFP and TC in Units
- PBM trained physichian in number
Measured: second self audit versus first self audit ( 6 months)
Secondary outcomes (5)
Material assets for the PBM pillars
- increase in use of POC tests (number of tests)
- increase in use of factor concentrates (IU)
- local hemostasis management protocols (YES/NO)
Measured: second self audit versus first self audit ( 6 months)
Impact of PBM implementation on postoperative care
Time spent in the intensive care unit in the postoperative period (ICU days)
Measured: second self audit versus first self audit ( 6 months)
Impact of PBM implementation on postoperative care
Hospital length of stay (days)
Measured: second self audit versus first self audit ( 9 months)
PBM implementation impact on infection rates
Postoperative infection rate
Measured: second self audit versus first self audit ( 6 months)
PBM implemetnation impact on mortality
30 days mortality
Measured: second self audit versus first self audit ( 6 months)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Mar 2025
- Study start27 May 2024
- Primary completion30 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Dec 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for AnemiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 2,000 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Semmelweis University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- CSL Behring
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dr. Fazakas János, Semmelweis University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06878105
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CG90142103
- Acronym
- CEEPBM
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 2 Aug 2024
- Last updated
- 14 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Uden H, Buttner F, von Heymann C, Kramer M, Kaufner L, Vorderwulbecke G, Hardt S, Kruppa J, Balzer F, Spies C. Allogeneic Blood Transfusion and Risk of Postoperative Complications in Patients with Mild and Moderate Anemia of Any Cause? A Retrospective Cohort Study in Total Revision Hip Surgery. Transfus Med Hemother. 2023 Jul 12;51(1):12-21. doi: 10.1159/000530135. eCollection 2024 Feb.
PubMed 38314244Meybohm P, Schmitt E, Choorapoikayil S, Hof L, Old O, Muller MM, Geisen C, Seifried E, Baumhove O, de Leeuw van Weenen S, Bayer A, Friederich P, Brautigam B, Friedrich J, Gruenewald M, Elke G, Molter GP, Narita D, Raadts A, Haas C, Schwendner K, Steinbicker AU, Jenke DJ, Thoma J, Weber V, Velten M, Wittmann M, Weigt H, Lange B, Herrmann E, Zacharowski K; German Patient Blood Management Network Collaborators. German Patient Blood Management Network: effectiveness and safety analysis in 1.2 million patients. Br J Anaesth. 2023 Sep;131(3):472-481. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.05.006. Epub 2023 Jun 26.
PubMed 37380568Mitra B, Jorgensen M, Reade MC, Keegan A, Holley A, Farmer S, Harvey N, Winearls J, Parr M, French CJ; Clinical and Consumer Reference group for the update of Patient Blood Management Guidelines (Module 1: Critical Bleeding/Massive Transfusion). Patient blood management guideline for adults with critical bleeding. Med J Aust. 2024 Mar 4;220(4):211-216. doi: 10.5694/mja2.52212. Epub 2024 Jan 28.
PubMed 38282333Babik B, Fazakas J, Matusovits A, Gal J, Fulesdi B. [Perioperative Patient Blood Management: common risk, common tasks, common responsibility]. Orv Hetil. 2020 Sep;161(37):1545-1553. doi: 10.1556/650.2020.31918. Hungarian.
PubMed 32894734Olah Z, Fulesdi B, Gal J, Matusovits A, Babik B. [Principles of the perioperative Patient Blood Management]. Orv Hetil. 2020 Sep;161(37):1554-1568. doi: 10.1556/650.2020.31787. Hungarian.
PubMed 32894735Delaforce A, Duff J, Munday J, Hardy J. Preoperative Anemia and Iron Deficiency Screening, Evaluation and Management: Barrier Identification and Implementation Strategy Mapping. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2020 Dec 1;13:1759-1770. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S282308. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 33293819Farmer SL, Towler SC, Leahy MF, Hofmann A. Drivers for change: Western Australia Patient Blood Management Program (WA PBMP), World Health Assembly (WHA) and Advisory Committee on Blood Safety and Availability (ACBSA). Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2013 Mar;27(1):43-58. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2012.12.007.
PubMed 23590915Hofmann A, Spahn DR, Holtorf AP; PBM Implementation Group. Making patient blood management the new norm(al) as experienced by implementors in diverse countries. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Jul 2;21(1):634. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06484-3.
PubMed 34215251Kietaibl S, Ahmed A, Afshari A, Albaladejo P, Aldecoa C, Barauskas G, De Robertis E, Faraoni D, Filipescu DC, Fries D, Godier A, Haas T, Jacob M, Lance MD, Llau JV, Meier J, Molnar Z, Mora L, Rahe-Meyer N, Samama CM, Scarlatescu E, Schlimp C, Wikkelso AJ, Zacharowski K. Management of severe peri-operative bleeding: Guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care: Second update 2022. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2023 Apr 1;40(4):226-304. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001803.
PubMed 36855941Musallam KM, Tamim HM, Richards T, Spahn DR, Rosendaal FR, Habbal A, Khreiss M, Dahdaleh FS, Khavandi K, Sfeir PM, Soweid A, Hoballah JJ, Taher AT, Jamali FR. Preoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2011 Oct 15;378(9800):1396-407. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61381-0. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
PubMed 21982521Yan T, Lei S, Zhou B, Huang Y, Li X, Zhang J, Huang Q, Zhang L. Association between preoperative anemia and postoperative short-term outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery - a propensity score matched retrospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023 Sep 11;23(1):307. doi: 10.1186/s12871-023-02270-2.
PubMed 37697231
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of Fixed and Personal Assets for Patient Blood Management Implementation in CEE Countries in Practice
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06878105
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CEEPBM / CG90142103
- Conditions
- Anemia, Coagulopathy
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 2,000 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Semmelweis UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- CSL Behring
- Study start
- 27 May 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 14 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of the study is data collection on available fixed and personal assets required for Patient Blood Management (elements of the 3 pillars of PBM) in Central Eastern Europe countries hospitals, status before and after PBM training.
Detailed description
The goals of the PBM program:
- Improving patient care and optimizing blood management - quality assurance
- bleeding management based on latest scientific guidelines including:
- reduction of transfusion and better outcomes
- optimization of blood reserves
- introduction and acceptance of hospital protocols Previous research has identified gaps concerning implementation of PBM elements in CEE region calling for further research and training: anemia is not being managed appropriately, there are no protocols in place, patient journey is not clearly defined, it is not clear at which department should be anemia treated; availability of POC devices varies largely among countries; local protocols for management of severe bleeding are also missing in many hospitals.
Investigators plan to collect PBM implementation indicators in hospitals before PBM training at a given start point as baseline (first self audit) and re-evaluate achievements after 6 months after training (second self audit).
Investigators plan to define 2x1 week "snapshot" period for detailed analysis of perioperative approach at patient level (1 week at the beginning of the study and 1 week after 6 month).
Investigators assume that properly conducted self-audits followed by PBM training, optimizing local protocols and patient journeys, a reduction in the use of perioperative blood products may be achieved, which, in addition to the currently experienced decrease in the desire to donate blood, may lead to a more rational blood product management and better patient outcomes.
PBM Implementation indicators for hospitals (data to be collected):
- PBM administration \& training data - are there PBM managers/local protocols available? was there any PBM training of staff performed?
- Pilar I.: data about diagnosis and management of anemia; patient pathways; medications used to treat anemia
- Pilar II.: blood saving techniques; usage of blood products (transfusion) and/or factor concentrates; iatrogenic blood loss - lab test tubes size
- Pilar III.: RBC tranfusion triggers;
Patient level data:
- age, gender, type of surgical intervention
- data about anemia management (performed or not by whom, when and what treatment was received if any
- data about existing anticoagulant therapy an management
- data about bleeding management (blood loss, transfusion requirements, factor concentrates (used quantities per routine medical intervention), POC tests evaluations if any, and standard laboratory test performed per routine medical approach before, during and after surgery
- data about postoperative outcomes
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Hospital self audit data baseline before PBM training | – | Other: Data collection on interventions performs as per medical routineAnticipated 50 hospitals from Hungary, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Austria. Only data about drugs/blood products used as medical routine will be recorded - no evaluation of any drug effect/efficacy. |
| Hospital self audit data after 6 month after PBM training | – | Other: Data collection on interventions performs as per medical routineAnticipated 50 hospitals from Hungary, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Austria.Only data about drugs/blood products used as medical routine will be recorded - no evaluation of any drug effect/efficacy. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Patients undergoing elective surgerical interventions with medium or high bleeding risk during predefined two times one week periods - one week at basline and one week after 6 months
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- patients above 18 years of age
- patients undergoing elective medium and high bleeding risk surgical intervention defined as moderate (<500 ml) and high (≥ 500 ml)
- patient consent
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- no patient consent
- patients under 18 years of age
- pregnant patients
- surgery with a low risk of bleeding
- the patient underwent emergency (non-elective) surgery
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Data collection on interventions performs as per medical routineNo intervention other than routine medical practice | Other | Hospital self audit data after 6 month after PBM training, Hospital self audit data baseline before PBM training |
Primary outcome
Was the PBM training able to significantly reduce the use of blood products in the audited periods?
Time frame: second self audit versus first self audit ( 6 months)
Identification of local and country level PBM gaps during the first self audit followed by training and corrective measures, reidentification of remaining local and country level PBM gaps during the second self audit: 1. Reduction of RBC, FFP and TC in Units 2. PBM trained physichian in number
5 secondary outcomes
Material assets for the PBM pillars
Time frame: second self audit versus first self audit ( 6 months)
Impact of PBM implementation on postoperative care
Time frame: second self audit versus first self audit ( 6 months)
Impact of PBM implementation on postoperative care
Time frame: second self audit versus first self audit ( 9 months)
PBM implementation impact on infection rates
Time frame: second self audit versus first self audit ( 6 months)
PBM implemetnation impact on mortality
Time frame: second self audit versus first self audit ( 6 months)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Mar 2025.
- Background: PubMed 38314244Uden H, Buttner F, von Heymann C, Kramer M, Kaufner L, Vorderwulbecke G, Hardt S, Kruppa J, Balzer F, Spies C. Allogeneic Blood Transfusion and Risk of Postoperative Complications in Patients with Mild and Moderate Anemia of Any Cause? A Retrospective Cohort Study in Total Revision Hip Surgery. Transfus Med Hemother. 2023 Jul 12;51(1):12-21. doi: 10.1159/000530135. eCollection 2024 Feb.
- Results publication: PubMed 37380568Meybohm P, Schmitt E, Choorapoikayil S, Hof L, Old O, Muller MM, Geisen C, Seifried E, Baumhove O, de Leeuw van Weenen S, Bayer A, Friederich P, Brautigam B, Friedrich J, Gruenewald M, Elke G, Molter GP, Narita D, Raadts A, Haas C, Schwendner K, Steinbicker AU, Jenke DJ, Thoma J, Weber V, Velten M, Wittmann M, Weigt H, Lange B, Herrmann E, Zacharowski K; German Patient Blood Management Network Collaborators. German Patient Blood Management Network: effectiveness and safety analysis in 1.2 million patients. Br J Anaesth. 2023 Sep;131(3):472-481. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.05.006. Epub 2023 Jun 26.
- Results publication: PubMed 38282333Mitra B, Jorgensen M, Reade MC, Keegan A, Holley A, Farmer S, Harvey N, Winearls J, Parr M, French CJ; Clinical and Consumer Reference group for the update of Patient Blood Management Guidelines (Module 1: Critical Bleeding/Massive Transfusion). Patient blood management guideline for adults with critical bleeding. Med J Aust. 2024 Mar 4;220(4):211-216. doi: 10.5694/mja2.52212. Epub 2024 Jan 28.
- Results publication: PubMed 32894734Babik B, Fazakas J, Matusovits A, Gal J, Fulesdi B. [Perioperative Patient Blood Management: common risk, common tasks, common responsibility]. Orv Hetil. 2020 Sep;161(37):1545-1553. doi: 10.1556/650.2020.31918. Hungarian.
- Results publication: PubMed 32894735Olah Z, Fulesdi B, Gal J, Matusovits A, Babik B. [Principles of the perioperative Patient Blood Management]. Orv Hetil. 2020 Sep;161(37):1554-1568. doi: 10.1556/650.2020.31787. Hungarian.
- Results publication: PubMed 33293819Delaforce A, Duff J, Munday J, Hardy J. Preoperative Anemia and Iron Deficiency Screening, Evaluation and Management: Barrier Identification and Implementation Strategy Mapping. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2020 Dec 1;13:1759-1770. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S282308. eCollection 2020.
- Results publication: PubMed 23590915Farmer SL, Towler SC, Leahy MF, Hofmann A. Drivers for change: Western Australia Patient Blood Management Program (WA PBMP), World Health Assembly (WHA) and Advisory Committee on Blood Safety and Availability (ACBSA). Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2013 Mar;27(1):43-58. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2012.12.007.
- Results publication: PubMed 34215251Hofmann A, Spahn DR, Holtorf AP; PBM Implementation Group. Making patient blood management the new norm(al) as experienced by implementors in diverse countries. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Jul 2;21(1):634. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06484-3.
- Results publication: PubMed 36855941Kietaibl S, Ahmed A, Afshari A, Albaladejo P, Aldecoa C, Barauskas G, De Robertis E, Faraoni D, Filipescu DC, Fries D, Godier A, Haas T, Jacob M, Lance MD, Llau JV, Meier J, Molnar Z, Mora L, Rahe-Meyer N, Samama CM, Scarlatescu E, Schlimp C, Wikkelso AJ, Zacharowski K. Management of severe peri-operative bleeding: Guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care: Second update 2022. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2023 Apr 1;40(4):226-304. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001803.
- Results publication: PubMed 21982521Musallam KM, Tamim HM, Richards T, Spahn DR, Rosendaal FR, Habbal A, Khreiss M, Dahdaleh FS, Khavandi K, Sfeir PM, Soweid A, Hoballah JJ, Taher AT, Jamali FR. Preoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2011 Oct 15;378(9800):1396-407. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61381-0. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
- Results publication: PubMed 37697231Yan T, Lei S, Zhou B, Huang Y, Li X, Zhang J, Huang Q, Zhang L. Association between preoperative anemia and postoperative short-term outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery - a propensity score matched retrospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023 Sep 11;23(1):307. doi: 10.1186/s12871-023-02270-2.
- WHO PBM policyLink provided by the sponsor.
- EU Publication office: practical PBM implementation guide for hospitalsLink provided by the sponsor.
- Information about PBMLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Anemia and Coagulopathy, run by Semmelweis University at 1 site in Hungary.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Hungary. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact János Fazakas, Ass Prof (+36208258560, jancsidora@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Was the PBM training able to significantly reduce the use of blood products in the audited periods? (time frame: second self audit versus first self audit ( 6 months)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06878105, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Mar 2025.