StrokeNCT06884709
Activity-based Mirror Therapy for Lower Limb Motor Recovery, Balance, Gait, and Mobility in Acute Inpatient Stroke: A Feasibility Study
A study testing Mirror Therapy in people with Stroke, run by Glasgow Caledonian University at 1 site in United Kingdom.
Trial summary
This feasibility study is the first step of a larger effects study exploring the use of an activity-based mirror therapy program for people who have had a stroke in the last 30 days and are in the hospital. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke
- What is being tested?
- Mirror Therapy
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 5 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Kingdom
- Study dates
- 15 Apr 2025to 20 Sep 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 18 years or older
- Diagnosis of hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke by head computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Medically stable to participate in physical rehabilitation as determined by the medical staff at QEUHSRU providing approval to begin physiotherapy
- Between 72 hours and 30 days post stroke at the time of baseline assessment
- Hemiparesis or hemiplegia of lower limb
- Ability to maintain sitting balance in a chair with arm rests, a back, and optional side support while moving the lower limb
Show all 11Show fewer
- Ability to ambulate with or without a walking aide prior to stroke
- No cognitive impairment that affects the ability to interact with the intervention or provide informed consent, as determined by the potential participant's medical team. To further ensure participants remain cognitively capable throughout the study, participants will be asked to briefly explain the study before providing consent and before each mirror therapy session
- No severe aphasia that would impair the participants ability to understand the instructions of the intervention or prevent them from providing continuous verbal feedback throughout the intervention. This will be determined by the potential participant's care team. To further ensure potential participants are not aphasic they will be asked to briefly being able to explain the study back to the research team prior to providing written consent and before each mirror therapy session
- No severe uncorrected visual impairments that would prevent viewing the image in the mirror
- No severe cardiopulmonary or musculoskeletal impairments that inhibit seated exercises of the non-paretic limb
Who cannot join
- Individuals with any type of lower limb amputation of either side of the body
- Individuals who have been identified as having incapacity by their medical team, as aligned with the Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000
- Non-English Speakers
- Individuals who's care teams identified them as being distressed during their routine assessments/sessions
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United Kingdom1 site
Queen Elizabeth University Hospital
Glasgow, Scotland, G51 4TF
About this study
This feasibility study is the first step of a larger effects study exploring the use of an activity-based mirror therapy program for people who have had a stroke in the last 30 days and are in the hospital. The study aims to examine features of the study design as well as the preliminary effects of the mirror therapy program on motor recovery, balance, gait, and mobility.
In this study participants will complete 15 minutes of lower limb mirror therapy three days per week for two weeks, alongside their usual physiotherapy. The motor recovery, balance, gait, and mobility of participants will then be reassessed. Participants will also be invited to complete a short questionnaire and interview about their experience in the study.
Stroke physiotherapists that are involved in the study will also complete a questionnaire and interview to provide feedback on the study and it's design.
Read the detailed description
This study will recruit participants that are inpatients at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital in Glasgow. Participants will be screened according to eligibility criteria. For example, participants must be between 72 hours and 30 days post-stroke at the time of baseline assessment and have hemiparesis or hemiplegia of the lower limb.
After providing written informed consent, participants will receive activity-based mirror therapy for 15 minutes, three days per week for two weeks, in addition to 45 to 60 minutes of usual personalized conventional physiotherapy five days per week. The mirror therapy will be conducted by Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) Doctorate of Physiotherapy (DPT) student Cassidy Flammang under the supervision of a qualified physiotherapist, while the conventional physiotherapy will be conducted by the qualified physiotherapists on the stroke rehabilitation ward.
The mirror therapy sessions will involve the participants sitting in a chair with a back, arm rests, and optional side supports, with their hips, knees, and ankles positioned at 90°. A 60 cm X 165 cm mirror will be placed in the midsagittal plane so that the non-paretic limb is reflected. The participants will be instructed to view the reflection in the mirror whilst conducting activity-based exercises with the non-paretic limb. They will be further instructed to imagine that the reflection of the non-paretic limb is their paretic limb, but to keep their paretic limb still. The exercises will target all major lower limb movements, except hip extension as that cannot be addressed whilst seated. The exercises will consist of 10-15 repetitions each of the following: rocker board dorsi/plantarflexion, rocker board in/eversion, step ups, wiping floor (or ball rolling) in/external hip rotation, wiping floor ab/adduction, ball kicking, and picking up marbles with the toes. Participants may take up to one minute of rest between exercises. Participants will be informed that they can take breaks or skip exercises at any point.
Lower limb motor recovery, balance, gait, and mobility will be assessed at baseline and upon completion of the two-week intervention. Mean differences will be determined to assess the change in test scores from pre- to post-intervention using a paired t-test, if normally distributed, or a Wilcoxon sign rank test if not. Both would have a significance level of p<0.5.
Participants and physiotherapists involved in the study will also be asked to complete a short questionnaire and semi-structured interview to discuss the study and mirror therapy program. The interviews will be audio-recorded, with consent, and conducted by GCU DPT student Cassidy Flammang. They will then be transcribed and analyzed by thematic content analysis.
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Being tested
- Mirror Therapy
- Keywords
- stroke, acute stroke, mirror therapy, lower limb hemiparesis, stroke rehabilitation, stroke physiotherapy
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Mirror TherapyOther
During mirror therapy, participants will sit in an arm chair with a mirror placed in their mid-sagittal plane so that their non-paretic lower limb is reflected and their paretic lower limb is hidden. They will be asked to complete activity-based exercises with their non-paretic limb whilst watching the reflection in the mirror and imagining the reflection is their paretic limb.
The activity-based exercises consist of rocker board dorsi/plantarflexion, rocker board in/eversion, step ups, wiping floor (or ball rolling) in/external hip rotation, wiping floor ab/adduction, ball kicking, and picking up marbles with the toes. Participants will do these exercises for 15 minutes, three days per week for four weeks.
Participants will also receive 45 to 60 minutes of usual personalized conventional physiotherapy such as neurodevelopmental facilitation, sensory motor re-education, active/active-assisted exercises, and balance/gait training, five days per week.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mirror Therapy Group | Experimental | For 15 minutes, three days per week for two weeks, participants will complete activity-based exercises with their non-paretic lower limb whilst watching the reflection of this limb in a mirror that is placed in their mid-sagittal plane.
They will also receive 45 to 60 minutes of usual personalized conventional physiotherapy five days per week. Receives: Other: Mirror Therapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Participant Recruitment Rate
Average monthly recruitment rate (total number of people approached about the study ÷ the number of months recruitment was conducted)
Measured: Baseline
Participant Enrolment Rate
Average monthly enrolment rate (number of patient participants that provided written consent ÷ the number of months recruitment was conducted)
Measured: Baseline
Rate of Recruitment to Enrolment
Recruitment to enrolment success rate (number of patient participants enrolled ÷ number of patient participants approached)
Measured: Baseline
Participant Retention Rate
Retention Rate (number of participants that completed the entire two-week intervention ÷ number of enrolled participants)
Measured: From baseline to the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Participant Drop-out Rate
Drop-out rate (number of participants that did not complete the entire two-week intervention ÷ number of enrolled participants)
The number of participants that did not complete the entire two-week intervention will then by further broken down and analyzed for the following categories:
- Dropped out of study on own volition
- Withdrawn from the study due to medical complications, cognition/aphasia regression, or death
- Discharged from the stroke ward during the two-week intervention
Measured: From baseline to the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Outcome Measure Practicality: Outcome Measure Completion Rate (Pre-intervention)
Pre-intervention outcome measure completion rate (number of times each effects outcome measure was fully completed at baseline ÷ number of times each effects outcome measure was attempted at baseline)
Measured: Baseline
Outcome Measure Practicality: Outcome Measure Completion Rate (Post-Intervention)
Post-intervention outcome measure completion rate (number of times each effects outcome measure was fully completed post-intervention ÷ number of times each effects outcome measure was attempted post-intervention)
Measured: End of the intervention at 2 weeks
Data Collection Method Practicality: Conventional Physiotherapy Spreadsheet Completion rate
Conventional physiotherapy spreadsheet completion rate (number of times the spreadsheet was successfully and fully filled out ÷ total number of sessions completed)
Measured: End of the intervention at 2 weeks
Data Collection Method Practicality: Mirror Therapy Tolerability Form Completion rate
Mirror therapy tolerability form completion rate (number of times the form was successfully and fully filled out ÷ total number of sessions completed)
Measured: End of the intervention at 2 weeks
Data Collection Method Practicality: Physiotherapist Interview
Semi-structured interviews with the physiotherapists involved in the study to discuss the practicality of the data collection methods used in the study
Measured: Through study completion, up to 22 weeks
Participant Acceptability of the Intervention: Participant Questionnaire
Participant acceptability questionnaire to assess how acceptable participants found the intervention. The questionnaire was adapted from Sekhon, Cartwright, and Francis' 2022 theoretical framework of acceptability informed questionnaire for healthcare interventions.
Measured: End of the Intervention at 2 weeks
Participant Acceptability of the Intervention: Participant Interview
Semi-structured interviews with participants to discuss how acceptable participants found the intervention.
Measured: End of the Intervention at 2 weeks
Physiotherapist Acceptability of Study: Physiotherapist Questionnaire
Physiotherapist acceptability questionnaire to assess how acceptable the stroke physiotherapists found the study and it's design. The questionnaire was adapted from Sekhon, Cartwright, and Francis' 2022 theoretical framework of acceptability informed questionnaire for healthcare interventions.
Measured: Through study completion, up to 22 months
Physiotherapist Acceptability of Study: Physiotherapist Interviews
Semi-structured interviews with the physiotherapists involved in the study to assess how acceptable they found the study and it's design
Measured: Through study completion, up to 22 months
Intervention Tolerability: Completion Rate of Each Mirror Therapy Exercise
Completion rate of each mirror therapy exercise (number of times each individual mirror therapy exercise was completed in full ÷ total number of mirror therapy sessions)
Measured: End of the intervention at 2 weeks
Intervention Tolerability: Completion Rate of Entire Mirror Therapy Session
Completion rate of entire 15-minute mirror therapy session (number of times the entire mirror therapy was completed in full (no skipped exercises) ÷ total number of mirror therapy sessions)
Measured: End of the intervention at 2 weeks
Intervention Tolerability: Participant Interviews
Semi-structured interviews with participants to discuss how tolerable they found the intervention.
Measured: The end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Intervention Practicality: Average Weekly Amount of Conventional Physiotherapy Recieved
Average amount of conventional physiotherapy participants recieved per week (in minutes)
Measured: End of Intervention at 2 weeks
Intervention Practicality: Average Weekly Amount of Mirror Therapy Recieved
Average amount of Mirror Therapy participants recieved per week (in minutes)
Measured: End of Intervention at 2 weeks
Intervention Practicality: Physiotherapist Interview
Semi-structured interviews with stroke physiotherapists involved in the study to discuss the practicality of implementing the intervention with the given dosage and design.
Measured: Through study completion, up to 22 months
Adverse Events
What is it assessing?
- Assesses if the participants experienced any adverse events throughout the study How is it Measured?
- Participants will be asked about adverse events (related or unrelated to the intervention) at the beginning and end of each mirror therapy session. This will be recorded on the mirror therapy tolerability form.
Measured: From baseline to the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Secondary outcomes (4)
Fugl-Meyer Assessment - Lower Extremity (FMA-LE)
Assesses lower limb motor recovery. There is a maximum score of 34. A higher scores indicates better motor recovery.
Measured: Baseline and the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
Assesses balance. It consists of 14 items on a five-point ordinal scale that ranges from 0 to 4. 0 represents the lowest level of function and 4 the highest. There is a maximum score of 56.
Measured: Baseline and the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
10-Meter-Walk-Test (10MWT)
Assesses gait. A 10 meter (m) walkway will have a 2 m acceleration and deceleration zone on each side. Thus the time (in seconds) taken to walk the central 6 meters will be measured, with speed calculated in m/s. This study will complete 1 trial at a comfortable speed
Measured: Baseline and the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Modified Rivermead Mobility Index (MRMI)
Assesses mobility. The MRMI assesses 8 mobility activities on a six-point scale from 0 to 5, with 0 being unable and 5 independent. There is a maximum score of 40. This study will assess some of the activities concurrently with the BBS and 10MWT.
Measured: Baseline and the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Mar 2025
- Study start15 Apr 2025
- Primary completion20 Sep 2026
- Study completion20 Sep 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 5 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Glasgow Caledonian University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Umar Bello, PhD, Principal investigator, Glasgow Caledonian University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06884709
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 348947
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 24 Feb 2025
- Last updated
- 28 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: IPD will not be shared with other researchers. It will be stored on a password protected OneDrive that only the researchers of this study will have access to.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Activity-based Mirror Therapy for Lower Limb Motor Recovery, Balance, Gait, and Mobility in Acute Inpatient Stroke: A Feasibility Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06884709
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 348947
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Keywords
- stroke, acute stroke, mirror therapy, lower limb hemiparesis, stroke rehabilitation, stroke physiotherapy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 5 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Glasgow Caledonian UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Sep 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This feasibility study is the first step of a larger effects study exploring the use of an activity-based mirror therapy program for people who have had a stroke in the last 30 days and are in the hospital. The study aims to examine features of the study design as well as the preliminary effects of the mirror therapy program on motor recovery, balance, gait, and mobility.
In this study participants will complete 15 minutes of lower limb mirror therapy three days per week for two weeks, alongside their usual physiotherapy. The motor recovery, balance, gait, and mobility of participants will then be reassessed. Participants will also be invited to complete a short questionnaire and interview about their experience in the study.
Stroke physiotherapists that are involved in the study will also complete a questionnaire and interview to provide feedback on the study and it's design.
Detailed description
This study will recruit participants that are inpatients at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital in Glasgow. Participants will be screened according to eligibility criteria. For example, participants must be between 72 hours and 30 days post-stroke at the time of baseline assessment and have hemiparesis or hemiplegia of the lower limb.
After providing written informed consent, participants will receive activity-based mirror therapy for 15 minutes, three days per week for two weeks, in addition to 45 to 60 minutes of usual personalized conventional physiotherapy five days per week. The mirror therapy will be conducted by Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) Doctorate of Physiotherapy (DPT) student Cassidy Flammang under the supervision of a qualified physiotherapist, while the conventional physiotherapy will be conducted by the qualified physiotherapists on the stroke rehabilitation ward.
The mirror therapy sessions will involve the participants sitting in a chair with a back, arm rests, and optional side supports, with their hips, knees, and ankles positioned at 90°. A 60 cm X 165 cm mirror will be placed in the midsagittal plane so that the non-paretic limb is reflected. The participants will be instructed to view the reflection in the mirror whilst conducting activity-based exercises with the non-paretic limb. They will be further instructed to imagine that the reflection of the non-paretic limb is their paretic limb, but to keep their paretic limb still. The exercises will target all major lower limb movements, except hip extension as that cannot be addressed whilst seated. The exercises will consist of 10-15 repetitions each of the following: rocker board dorsi/plantarflexion, rocker board in/eversion, step ups, wiping floor (or ball rolling) in/external hip rotation, wiping floor ab/adduction, ball kicking, and picking up marbles with the toes. Participants may take up to one minute of rest between exercises. Participants will be informed that they can take breaks or skip exercises at any point.
Lower limb motor recovery, balance, gait, and mobility will be assessed at baseline and upon completion of the two-week intervention. Mean differences will be determined to assess the change in test scores from pre- to post-intervention using a paired t-test, if normally distributed, or a Wilcoxon sign rank test if not. Both would have a significance level of p<0.5.
Participants and physiotherapists involved in the study will also be asked to complete a short questionnaire and semi-structured interview to discuss the study and mirror therapy program. The interviews will be audio-recorded, with consent, and conducted by GCU DPT student Cassidy Flammang. They will then be transcribed and analyzed by thematic content analysis.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mirror Therapy Group | Experimental | Other: Mirror TherapyFor 15 minutes, three days per week for two weeks, participants will complete activity-based exercises with their non-paretic lower limb whilst watching the reflection of this limb in a mirror that is placed in their mid-sagittal plane. They will also receive 45 to 60 minutes of usual personalized conventional physiotherapy five days per week. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Adults aged 18 years or older
- Diagnosis of hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke by head computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Medically stable to participate in physical rehabilitation as determined by the medical staff at QEUHSRU providing approval to begin physiotherapy
- Between 72 hours and 30 days post stroke at the time of baseline assessment
- Hemiparesis or hemiplegia of lower limb
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Individuals with any type of lower limb amputation of either side of the body
- Individuals who have been identified as having incapacity by their medical team, as aligned with the Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000
- Non-English Speakers
- Individuals who's care teams identified them as being distressed during their routine assessments/sessions
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Mirror TherapyDuring mirror therapy, participants will sit in an arm chair with a mirror placed in their mid-sagittal plane so that their non-paretic lower limb is reflected and their paretic lower limb is hidden. They will be asked to complete activity-based exercises with their non-paretic limb whilst watching the reflection in the mirror and imagining the reflection is their paretic limb. The activity-based exercises consist of rocker board dorsi/plantarflexion, rocker board in/eversion, step ups, wiping floor (or ball rolling) in/external hip rotation, wiping floor ab/adduction, ball kicking, and picking up marbles with the toes. Participants will do these exercises for 15 minutes, three days per week for four weeks. Participants will also receive 45 to 60 minutes of usual personalized conventional physiotherapy such as neurodevelopmental facilitation, sensory motor re-education, active/active-assisted exercises, and balance/gait training, five days per week. | Other | Mirror Therapy Group |
Primary outcome
Participant Recruitment Rate
Time frame: Baseline
Average monthly recruitment rate (total number of people approached about the study ÷ the number of months recruitment was conducted)
Participant Enrolment Rate
Time frame: Baseline
Average monthly enrolment rate (number of patient participants that provided written consent ÷ the number of months recruitment was conducted)
Rate of Recruitment to Enrolment
Time frame: Baseline
Recruitment to enrolment success rate (number of patient participants enrolled ÷ number of patient participants approached)
Participant Retention Rate
Time frame: From baseline to the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Retention Rate (number of participants that completed the entire two-week intervention ÷ number of enrolled participants)
Participant Drop-out Rate
Time frame: From baseline to the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Drop-out rate (number of participants that did not complete the entire two-week intervention ÷ number of enrolled participants) The number of participants that did not complete the entire two-week intervention will then by further broken down and analyzed for the following categories: * Dropped out of study on own volition * Withdrawn from the study due to medical complications, cognition/aphasia regression, or death * Discharged from the stroke ward during the two-week intervention
Outcome Measure Practicality: Outcome Measure Completion Rate (Pre-intervention)
Time frame: Baseline
Pre-intervention outcome measure completion rate (number of times each effects outcome measure was fully completed at baseline ÷ number of times each effects outcome measure was attempted at baseline)
Outcome Measure Practicality: Outcome Measure Completion Rate (Post-Intervention)
Time frame: End of the intervention at 2 weeks
Post-intervention outcome measure completion rate (number of times each effects outcome measure was fully completed post-intervention ÷ number of times each effects outcome measure was attempted post-intervention)
Data Collection Method Practicality: Conventional Physiotherapy Spreadsheet Completion rate
Time frame: End of the intervention at 2 weeks
Conventional physiotherapy spreadsheet completion rate (number of times the spreadsheet was successfully and fully filled out ÷ total number of sessions completed)
Data Collection Method Practicality: Mirror Therapy Tolerability Form Completion rate
Time frame: End of the intervention at 2 weeks
Mirror therapy tolerability form completion rate (number of times the form was successfully and fully filled out ÷ total number of sessions completed)
Data Collection Method Practicality: Physiotherapist Interview
Time frame: Through study completion, up to 22 weeks
Semi-structured interviews with the physiotherapists involved in the study to discuss the practicality of the data collection methods used in the study
Participant Acceptability of the Intervention: Participant Questionnaire
Time frame: End of the Intervention at 2 weeks
Participant acceptability questionnaire to assess how acceptable participants found the intervention. The questionnaire was adapted from Sekhon, Cartwright, and Francis' 2022 theoretical framework of acceptability informed questionnaire for healthcare interventions.
Participant Acceptability of the Intervention: Participant Interview
Time frame: End of the Intervention at 2 weeks
Semi-structured interviews with participants to discuss how acceptable participants found the intervention.
Physiotherapist Acceptability of Study: Physiotherapist Questionnaire
Time frame: Through study completion, up to 22 months
Physiotherapist acceptability questionnaire to assess how acceptable the stroke physiotherapists found the study and it's design. The questionnaire was adapted from Sekhon, Cartwright, and Francis' 2022 theoretical framework of acceptability informed questionnaire for healthcare interventions.
Physiotherapist Acceptability of Study: Physiotherapist Interviews
Time frame: Through study completion, up to 22 months
Semi-structured interviews with the physiotherapists involved in the study to assess how acceptable they found the study and it's design
Intervention Tolerability: Completion Rate of Each Mirror Therapy Exercise
Time frame: End of the intervention at 2 weeks
Completion rate of each mirror therapy exercise (number of times each individual mirror therapy exercise was completed in full ÷ total number of mirror therapy sessions)
Intervention Tolerability: Completion Rate of Entire Mirror Therapy Session
Time frame: End of the intervention at 2 weeks
Completion rate of entire 15-minute mirror therapy session (number of times the entire mirror therapy was completed in full (no skipped exercises) ÷ total number of mirror therapy sessions)
Intervention Tolerability: Participant Interviews
Time frame: The end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Semi-structured interviews with participants to discuss how tolerable they found the intervention.
Intervention Practicality: Average Weekly Amount of Conventional Physiotherapy Recieved
Time frame: End of Intervention at 2 weeks
Average amount of conventional physiotherapy participants recieved per week (in minutes)
Intervention Practicality: Average Weekly Amount of Mirror Therapy Recieved
Time frame: End of Intervention at 2 weeks
Average amount of Mirror Therapy participants recieved per week (in minutes)
Intervention Practicality: Physiotherapist Interview
Time frame: Through study completion, up to 22 months
Semi-structured interviews with stroke physiotherapists involved in the study to discuss the practicality of implementing the intervention with the given dosage and design.
Adverse Events
Time frame: From baseline to the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
What is it assessing? * Assesses if the participants experienced any adverse events throughout the study How is it Measured? * Participants will be asked about adverse events (related or unrelated to the intervention) at the beginning and end of each mirror therapy session. This will be recorded on the mirror therapy tolerability form.
4 secondary outcomes
Fugl-Meyer Assessment - Lower Extremity (FMA-LE)
Time frame: Baseline and the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
Time frame: Baseline and the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
10-Meter-Walk-Test (10MWT)
Time frame: Baseline and the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Modified Rivermead Mobility Index (MRMI)
Time frame: Baseline and the end of the intervention at 2 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Sep 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. IPD will not be shared with other researchers. It will be stored on a password protected OneDrive that only the researchers of this study will have access to.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Umar Bello, PhD principal investigator
Glasgow Caledonian University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Mirror Therapy in people with Stroke, run by Glasgow Caledonian University at 1 site in United Kingdom.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Participant Recruitment Rate (time frame: Baseline). The study lists 21 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Sep 2026.