Prostate BiopsyNCT06959264
Effect of Virtual Reality Goggles on Anxiety, Comfort and Complications in Patients Undergoing Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy
A study testing Virtual reality in people with Prostate Biopsy, run by Tarsus University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study was aimed to determine the effect of virtual reality goggles on anxiety, comfort and complication development in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in a randomized controlled experimental study. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, men only
- Conditions the study is for
- Prostate Biopsy
- What is being tested?
- Virtual reality
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 70 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Aug 2025to 30 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Who agreed to participate in the study,
- Patients over 18 years of age
- Conscious, oriented and cooperative,
- No communication problems,
- Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy procedure,
- No physical problems that would prevent the application of virtual reality goggles,
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- No previous experience with virtual reality glasses,
- Undiagnosed anxiety,
- No medication for anxiety
- Patients without mental disorders
Who cannot join
- Who did not agree to participate in the study,
- Patients under 18 years of age,
- Conscious, oriented and uncooperative,
- Communication problems,
- No transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy procedure,
- With a physical problem that would prevent the application of virtual reality goggles,
Show all 9Show fewer
- Diagnosed with anxiety,
- Taking medication for anxiety (anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, etc.),
- Patients with mental disorders
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effect of Virtual Reality Goggles on Anxiety, Comfort and Complications in Patients Undergoing Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy: A Randomised Controlled Study
This study was aimed to determine the effect of virtual reality goggles on anxiety, comfort and complication development in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in a randomized controlled experimental study. The study will be conducted with individuals who applied to the Department of Urology of Mersin University Hospital. The minimum sample calculation with 95% power was calculated as a total of 70, 35 in each group, in the G*Power (3.1) program. Introductory Information Form, State Anxiety Scale, Complication Follow-up Form and Visual Analog Scale will be used to collect the data. Introductory Information Form, State Anxiety Scale and Visual Analog Scale will be filled in the patients. After the forms are applied to the patients and recorded, it will be determined whether they will be in the study or control group according to the randomization schedule. Patients in the study group will be shown a video with virtual reality glasses during the procedure. Virtual reality goggles will be used to watch nature landscapes with relaxing music background, adjusted at the level of volume desired by the patient. Virtual reality goggles will be applied during the procedure. The control group will not receive any intervention. After the virtual reality application, anxiety levels and comfort levels will be re-evaluated after the procedure. The patients will be called by the researchers after 24 hours and the Complication Follow-up Form will be filled out. The data obtained in the study will be analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 25.0 program.
Read the detailed description
This study was aimed to determine the effect of virtual reality goggles on anxiety, comfort and complication development in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in a randomized controlled experimental study. The study will be conducted with individuals who applied to the Department of Urology of Mersin University Hospital between May 2025 and May 2026 and met the sampling criteria. Taking the effect size 0.87 as a reference, d=0.87, (1- α, bidirectional), the minimum sample calculation with 95% power was calculated as a total of 70, 35 in each group, in the G*Power (3.1) program. Introductory Information Form, State Anxiety Scale, Complication Follow-up Form and Visual Analog Scale will be used to collect the data. Introductory Information Form, State Anxiety Scale and Visual Analog Scale will be filled in the patients. After the forms are applied to the patients and recorded, it will be determined whether they will be in the study or control group according to the randomization schedule. Patients in the study group will be shown a video with virtual reality glasses during the procedure. Patients will be asked to wear a virtual reality goggles (VR Shinecon G12 3d Virtual Reality Goggles Black 4.5-7.0 Inch) compatible with a mobile phone (Xiaomi Redmi Note 8 Pro 2019 model) with android operating system and minimizing sound loss in the supine position.Virtual reality goggles will be used to watch nature landscapes with relaxing music background, adjusted at the level of volume desired by the patient. Virtual reality goggles will be applied during the procedure. The control group will not receive any intervention. After the virtual reality application, anxiety levels and comfort levels will be re-evaluated after the procedure. The patients will be called by the researchers after 24 hours and the Complication Follow-up Form will be filled out. The data obtained in the study will be analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 25.0 program.
- Conditions
- Prostate Biopsy
- Being tested
- Virtual reality
- Keywords
- Virtual Reality, Anxiety, Comfort, Complication, Nursing, Prostate biopsy
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Virtual realityOther
Patients in the study group will be shown a video with virtual reality glasses during the procedure. Patients will be asked to wear a virtual reality goggles (VR Shinecon G12 3d Virtual Reality Goggles Black 4.5-7.0 Inch) compatible with a mobile phone (Xiaomi Redmi Note 8 Pro 2019 model) with android operating system in supine position and minimizing sound loss. With the virtual reality goggles, nature landscapes with a relaxing music background will be watched by adjusting the volume at the level desired by the patient. Virtual reality goggles will be applied during the urodynamic procedure.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality group | Experimental | Patients in the study group will be shown a video with virtual reality glasses during the procedure. Patients will be asked to wear a virtual reality goggles (VR Shinecon G12 3d Virtual Reality Goggles Black 4.5-7.0 Inch) compatible with a mobile phone (Xiaomi Redmi Note 8 Pro 2019 model) with android operating system in supine position and minimizing sound loss. With the virtual reality goggles, nature landscapes with a relaxing music background will be watched by adjusting the volume at the level desired by the patient. Virtual reality goggles will be applied during the procedure. Receives: Other: Virtual reality |
| Control group | No intervention | The control group will not receive any intervention. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Anxiety
The State Anxiety Scale : In this study, the DAQ, which is structured to measure momentary feelings, was used. Its Turkish validity and reliability was conducted by Öner and Le Compte in 1983. The DAQ consists of 20 questions on a four-point Likert scale. The statements in the DAQ are evaluated as not at all (1), a little (2), a lot (3) and completely (4). In this section, the statements are divided into direct and reversed statements. Inverted statements: 1st, 2nd, 5th, 5th, 8th, 8th, 10th, 11th, 15th, 16th, 19th, 20th items. The total score of the reversed statements is subtracted from the total score of the direct statements and the number 50, which is the invariant value of the DAQ, is added to the value obtained and the DAQ score is calculated. The scale score ranges between 20-80 and an increase in the score indicates an increase in the level of anxiety.
Measured: 5 months
Comfort
Visual Analog Scale: It is a scale that provides a subjective assessment of comfort on a horizontal or vertical line from 0 -10 to evaluate the level of comfort.
Measured: 5 months
Complications
Patients will be questioned about bleeding in the first urine, hematuria, hematospermia, rectal bleeding, anal pain, dysuria and urinary retention within 24 hours after the procedure and recorded on the form.
Measured: 5 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 May 2025
- Study start15 Aug 2025
- Primary completion15 Dec 2025
- Study completion30 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Prostate BiopsyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 70 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Tarsus University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Mersin University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gamze BOZKUL, Tarsus University
- Investigators
- Gülay Altun Uğraş, Principal investigator, Mersin UniversityMURAT Bozlu, Principal investigator, Mersin University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06959264
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TU-BOZKUL-012
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 26 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 4 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Thomson A, Li M, Grummet J, Sengupta S. Transperineal prostate biopsy: a review of technique. Transl Androl Urol. 2020 Dec;9(6):3009-3017. doi: 10.21037/tau.2019.12.40.
PubMed 33457274Genc H, Korkmaz M, Akkurt A. The Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses and Stress Balls on Pain and Vital Findings During Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Perianesth Nurs. 2022 Jun;37(3):344-350. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2021.09.006. Epub 2022 Apr 7.
PubMed 35397973
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Virtual Reality Goggles on Anxiety, Comfort and Complications in Patients Undergoing Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy: A Randomised Controlled Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06959264
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TU-BOZKUL-012
- Conditions
- Prostate Biopsy
- Keywords
- Virtual Reality, Anxiety, Comfort, Complication, Nursing, Prostate biopsy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 70 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Tarsus UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Mersin University
- Study start
- 15 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 May 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study was aimed to determine the effect of virtual reality goggles on anxiety, comfort and complication development in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in a randomized controlled experimental study. The study will be conducted with individuals who applied to the Department of Urology of Mersin University Hospital. The minimum sample calculation with 95% power was calculated as a total of 70, 35 in each group, in the G*Power (3.1) program. Introductory Information Form, State Anxiety Scale, Complication Follow-up Form and Visual Analog Scale will be used to collect the data. Introductory Information Form, State Anxiety Scale and Visual Analog Scale will be filled in the patients. After the forms are applied to the patients and recorded, it will be determined whether they will be in the study or control group according to the randomization schedule. Patients in the study group will be shown a video with virtual reality glasses during the procedure. Virtual reality goggles will be used to watch nature landscapes with relaxing music background, adjusted at the level of volume desired by the patient. Virtual reality goggles will be applied during the procedure. The control group will not receive any intervention. After the virtual reality application, anxiety levels and comfort levels will be re-evaluated after the procedure. The patients will be called by the researchers after 24 hours and the Complication Follow-up Form will be filled out. The data obtained in the study will be analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 25.0 program.
Detailed description
This study was aimed to determine the effect of virtual reality goggles on anxiety, comfort and complication development in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in a randomized controlled experimental study. The study will be conducted with individuals who applied to the Department of Urology of Mersin University Hospital between May 2025 and May 2026 and met the sampling criteria. Taking the effect size 0.87 as a reference, d=0.87, (1- α, bidirectional), the minimum sample calculation with 95% power was calculated as a total of 70, 35 in each group, in the G*Power (3.1) program. Introductory Information Form, State Anxiety Scale, Complication Follow-up Form and Visual Analog Scale will be used to collect the data. Introductory Information Form, State Anxiety Scale and Visual Analog Scale will be filled in the patients. After the forms are applied to the patients and recorded, it will be determined whether they will be in the study or control group according to the randomization schedule. Patients in the study group will be shown a video with virtual reality glasses during the procedure. Patients will be asked to wear a virtual reality goggles (VR Shinecon G12 3d Virtual Reality Goggles Black 4.5-7.0 Inch) compatible with a mobile phone (Xiaomi Redmi Note 8 Pro 2019 model) with android operating system and minimizing sound loss in the supine position.Virtual reality goggles will be used to watch nature landscapes with relaxing music background, adjusted at the level of volume desired by the patient. Virtual reality goggles will be applied during the procedure. The control group will not receive any intervention. After the virtual reality application, anxiety levels and comfort levels will be re-evaluated after the procedure. The patients will be called by the researchers after 24 hours and the Complication Follow-up Form will be filled out. The data obtained in the study will be analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 25.0 program.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality group | Experimental | Other: Virtual realityPatients in the study group will be shown a video with virtual reality glasses during the procedure. Patients will be asked to wear a virtual reality goggles (VR Shinecon G12 3d Virtual Reality Goggles Black 4.5-7.0 Inch) compatible with a mobile phone (Xiaomi Redmi Note 8 Pro 2019 model) with android operating system in supine position and minimizing sound loss. With the virtual reality goggles, nature landscapes with a relaxing music background will be watched by adjusting the volume at the level desired by the patient. Virtual reality goggles will be applied during the procedure. |
| Control group | No intervention | –The control group will not receive any intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Who agreed to participate in the study,
- Patients over 18 years of age
- Conscious, oriented and cooperative,
- No communication problems,
- Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy procedure,
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Who did not agree to participate in the study,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual realityPatients in the study group will be shown a video with virtual reality glasses during the procedure. Patients will be asked to wear a virtual reality goggles (VR Shinecon G12 3d Virtual Reality Goggles Black 4.5-7.0 Inch) compatible with a mobile phone (Xiaomi Redmi Note 8 Pro 2019 model) with android operating system in supine position and minimizing sound loss. With the virtual reality goggles, nature landscapes with a relaxing music background will be watched by adjusting the volume at the level desired by the patient. Virtual reality goggles will be applied during the urodynamic procedure. | Other | Virtual reality group |
Primary outcome
Anxiety
Time frame: 5 months
The State Anxiety Scale : In this study, the DAQ, which is structured to measure momentary feelings, was used. Its Turkish validity and reliability was conducted by Öner and Le Compte in 1983. The DAQ consists of 20 questions on a four-point Likert scale. The statements in the DAQ are evaluated as not at all (1), a little (2), a lot (3) and completely (4). In this section, the statements are divided into direct and reversed statements. Inverted statements: 1st, 2nd, 5th, 5th, 8th, 8th, 10th, 11th, 15th, 16th, 19th, 20th items. The total score of the reversed statements is subtracted from the total score of the direct statements and the number 50, which is the invariant value of the DAQ, is added to the value obtained and the DAQ score is calculated. The scale score ranges between 20-80 and an increase in the score indicates an increase in the level of anxiety.
Comfort
Time frame: 5 months
Visual Analog Scale: It is a scale that provides a subjective assessment of comfort on a horizontal or vertical line from 0 -10 to evaluate the level of comfort.
Complications
Time frame: 5 months
Patients will be questioned about bleeding in the first urine, hematuria, hematospermia, rectal bleeding, anal pain, dysuria and urinary retention within 24 hours after the procedure and recorded on the form.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Aug 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 33457274Thomson A, Li M, Grummet J, Sengupta S. Transperineal prostate biopsy: a review of technique. Transl Androl Urol. 2020 Dec;9(6):3009-3017. doi: 10.21037/tau.2019.12.40.
- Results publication: PubMed 35397973Genc H, Korkmaz M, Akkurt A. The Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses and Stress Balls on Pain and Vital Findings During Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Perianesth Nurs. 2022 Jun;37(3):344-350. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2021.09.006. Epub 2022 Apr 7.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gülay Altun Uğraş principal investigator
Mersin University
MURAT Bozlu principal investigator
Mersin University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Virtual reality in people with Prostate Biopsy, run by Tarsus University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 10 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Anxiety (time frame: 5 months). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06959264, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Aug 2026.