White Coat HypertensionNCT06960057
Virtual Reality as a Tool to Lower Blood Pressure and Anxiety in Clinic Settings
A study testing Virtual Reality Exposure in people with White Coat Hypertension and Hypertension, run by Mayo Clinic at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This clinical trial aims to evaluate whether a calming virtual reality (VR) experience can reduce office blood pressure (OBP) and anxiety in adults undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at Mayo Clinic in Florida. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- White Coat Hypertension, Hypertension, Blood Pressure
- What is being tested?
- Virtual Reality Exposure
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 79 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 2 Jun 2025to 15 Aug 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 18 years or older.
- Undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at Mayo Clinic Florida for any clinical indication.
- Able and willing to provide informed consent.
Who cannot join
- History of epilepsy or seizure disorders.
- Significant cognitive impairment (e.g., dementia, Alzheimer's disease).
- Significant visual impairment that prevents visualization of the VR environment.
- History of vestibular disorders (e.g., Meniere's disease, chronic vertigo).
- Unstable cardiovascular conditions (e.g., myocardial infarction within the past year).
- Chronic hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring supplemental oxygen.
- Cervical spine instability or injuries that could impair safe VR use.
- Current pregnancy
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Exploring Virtual Reality as a Clinical Tool for Blood Pressure Reduction and Assessment of White Coat Hypertension/Effect: A Pre- and Post-Intervention Study With ABPM Validation
This clinical trial aims to evaluate whether a calming virtual reality (VR) experience can reduce office blood pressure (OBP) and anxiety in adults undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at Mayo Clinic in Florida.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Read more
- Does a 5-minute calming VR session reduce office blood pressure in patients with suspected white coat hypertension or white coat effect?
- Does VR exposure reduce self-reported anxiety levels in the clinical setting?
- Does VR reduce the difference between home (ABPM) and clinic blood pressure readings?
Participants will:
- Complete two short electronic surveys (before and after VR exposure) on a clinic-provided device.
- Undergo a 5-minute virtual reality (VR) relaxation session.
- Have their blood pressure measured before and after the VR session.
Participation will occur during the participant's scheduled ABPM device return visit and will add approximately 30 minutes to the visit.
This is a single-arm, pre-post interventional study where each participant serves as their own control.
Read the detailed description
This is a prospective, single-arm, pre-post interventional study designed to evaluate the effect of a calming virtual reality (VR) experience on office blood pressure (OBP), home-clinic BP differences, and self-reported anxiety levels in adults undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at Mayo Clinic in Florida.
White coat hypertension (WCH) and white coat effect (WCE) are conditions where patients exhibit elevated OBP readings in clinical settings that are not representative of their typical blood pressure levels in non-clinical environments. These conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. ABPM is considered the gold standard for differentiating true hypertension from WCH/WCE. Emerging evidence suggests that virtual reality can reduce anxiety and physiological stress responses, making it a promising tool for improving the accuracy of clinic-based blood pressure assessments.
The study will enroll up to 250 participants, with a target accrual of 200 completed cases. Participants are identified through electronic medical records as individuals scheduled for ABPM. Those who meet eligibility criteria and provide informed consent will participate during a single clinic visit coinciding with the return of their ABPM device.
During the study visit, participants will:
- Complete a short electronic survey (via REDCap on a clinic-provided device) capturing information about their history of hypertension or white coat hypertension/effect, mental health conditions, use of medications for anxiety or mood disorders, anxiety related to doctor visits, recent caffeine intake, and prior VR experience.
- Complete two standardized anxiety assessments (the Visual Analog Scale [VAS] for anxiety and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 [STAI-6]) prior to VR exposure.
- Undergo three resting office blood pressure (OBP) measurements using an automated blood pressure cuff, with results averaged.
- Participate in a 5-minute immersive VR session featuring a calming, nature-based environment.
- Undergo three additional resting OBP measurements after VR exposure, with results averaged.
- Complete repeat VAS and STAI-6 anxiety assessments following the VR session.
- Complete a brief post-VR survey evaluating comfort, relaxation, side effects, and overall experience.
- Permit research staff to review their Mayo Clinic electronic medical record for demographic information, relevant medical history, current medications, office blood pressure readings at the ABPM fitting, and ABPM study results.
The study's primary objective is to assess the change in OBP before and after VR exposure. Secondary objectives include evaluating the change in the home-clinic BP difference and measuring changes in anxiety scores. Exploratory analyses will examine predictors of VR responsiveness, including age, sex, baseline anxiety, and history of mental health conditions
This study is minimal risk. The VR headset used is commercially available and not being evaluated as an FDA-regulated device. Adverse effects from VR are expected to be rare and may include mild dizziness or nausea.
This research seeks to generate evidence on whether VR can be used as a simple, non-invasive tool to reduce OBP and anxiety in patients at risk for WCH or WCE and improve the reliability of in-clinic BP measurements. The findings may inform future strategies for integrating VR into routine hypertension care.
- Conditions
- White Coat Hypertension, Hypertension, Blood Pressure, Anxiety, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
- Being tested
- Virtual Reality Exposure
- Keywords
- White Coat Hypertension, White Coat Effect, Hypertension, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring, Office Blood Pressure, Virtual Reality, VR Headset, Anxiety Reduction, Stress Reduction, Calming Intervention, Virtual Reality in Medicine
- Medical subject headings
- White Coat Hypertension, Hypertension, Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Virtual Reality ExposureBehavioural
Participants will be exposed to a standardized 5-minute virtual reality (VR) session using a commercially available VR headset. The session features a calming, immersive environment intended to reduce anxiety and lower office blood pressure (OBP) during a clinical visit. The VR experience is delivered after the return of an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) device and before the final BP measurements are obtained. Blood pressure and anxiety scores are assessed immediately before and after VR exposure.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Intervention | Experimental | Participants undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) will receive a 5-minute calming virtual reality (VR) session. Blood pressure and anxiety levels will be measured before and after VR exposure to evaluate its effect on office blood pressure and emotional response in a clinical setting. Receives: Behavioral: Virtual Reality Exposure |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Office Blood Pressure (OBP) Before and After VR Exposure
The primary outcome is the within-subject change in office blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure) measured immediately before and after a standardized 5-minute calming VR session among patients with suspected white coat hypertension (WCH) or white coat effect (WCE). Blood pressure is measured in triplicate using an automated device, with the average of the three readings recorded both pre- and post-VR exposure. Effectiveness will be assessed by comparing pre- and post-VR OBP measurements. Diagnosis of WCH or WCE will be confirmed through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).
Measured: Baseline (pre-VR exposure) and immediately post-intervention (post-VR exposure) during the study visit.
Secondary outcomes (5)
Change in Home-Clinic Blood Pressure Difference After VR Exposure
This outcome compares the home-clinic blood pressure difference (defined as the difference between average daytime ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM] and in-clinic office BP) before and after VR exposure. The goal is to assess whether VR reduces the magnitude of the difference between ABPM readings and in-clinic measurements.
Measured: Baseline (average daytime BP from ABPM prior to study visit) and next day follow-up study visit during ABPM device return.
Change in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Anxiety Before and After VR Exposure
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for anxiety is a 0-10 scale where participants rate their current anxiety level. A score of 0 indicates no anxiety and a score of 10 indicates the highest possible anxiety. Higher scores reflect worse anxiety symptoms.
Measured: Baseline (pre-VR exposure) and immediately post-intervention (post-VR exposure) during the study visit.
Change in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 (STAI-6) Scores Before and After VR Exposure
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 (STAI-6) is a validated six-item questionnaire assessing current (state) anxiety. Each item is scored on a 1-4 Likert scale, with a total possible score ranging from 6 to 24. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety. Units on a scale (6-24).
Measured: Baseline (pre-VR exposure) and immediately post-intervention (post-VR exposure) during the study visit.
Patient-Reported Acceptability and Satisfaction with the VR Experience
Participants will complete a brief post-intervention survey evaluating their experience with the VR session, including comfort, perceived relaxation, and willingness to use VR in future medical visits.
Measured: Immediately post-intervention (post-VR exposure) during the study visit.
Incidence of Adverse Effects Related to VR Exposure
Any participant-reported side effects during or immediately following the VR session (e.g., dizziness, nausea, eye strain, anxiety) will be recorded. Staff will monitor participants throughout the session and document any discomfort or early discontinuation of VR.
Measured: Immediately post-intervention (post-VR exposure) during the study visit.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 May 2025
- Study start2 Jun 2025
- Primary completion15 Aug 2025
- Study completion15 Aug 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for White Coat HypertensionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Mayo ClinicThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- This is a single-arm, pre-post interventional study in which all participants receive the same virtual reality (VR) intervention. Each participant undergoes office blood pressure (OBP) measurement and anxiety assessment both before and after a standardized 5-minute VR session. The study evaluates within-subject changes to determine whether VR exposure affects OBP and anxiety levels in adults that will be undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 79 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Mayo Clinic
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Lyle W. Baker, Mayo Clinic
- Investigators
- Lyle W Baker, MD, Principal investigator, Mayo Clinic
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06960057
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 25-000347
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 21 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 5 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC Jr, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ, Williams KA Sr, Williamson JD, Wright JT Jr. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018 Jun;71(6):e13-e115. doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065. Epub 2017 Nov 13. No abstract available.
PubMed 29133356Pickering TG, Shimbo D, Haas D. Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jun 1;354(22):2368-74. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra060433. No abstract available.
PubMed 16738273Freeman D, Reeve S, Robinson A, Ehlers A, Clark D, Spanlang B, Slater M. Virtual reality in the assessment, understanding, and treatment of mental health disorders. Psychol Med. 2017 Oct;47(14):2393-2400. doi: 10.1017/S003329171700040X. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
PubMed 28325167Ma H, Bian Y, Wang Y, Zhou C, Geng W, Zhang F, Liu J, Yang C. Exploring the effect of virtual reality relaxation environment on white coat hypertension in blood pressure measurement. J Biomed Inform. 2021 Apr;116:103721. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103721. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
PubMed 33631382Baker LW, Karthik R, Munlapudi VR, Balog J, Mao MA, Trautman CL, Ma Y, Fang ZJ, Porter IE. Virtual Reality Reduces Office Blood Pressure and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: Enhanced Response among Those With a Pronounced White Coat Response. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2026 Sep;28(9):e70360. doi: 10.1111/jch.70360.
PubMed 42723367
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Exploring Virtual Reality as a Clinical Tool for Blood Pressure Reduction and Assessment of White Coat Hypertension/Effect: A Pre- and Post-Intervention Study With ABPM Validation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06960057
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 25-000347
- Conditions
- White Coat Hypertension, Hypertension, Blood Pressure, Anxiety, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
- Keywords
- White Coat Hypertension, White Coat Effect, Hypertension, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring, Office Blood Pressure, Virtual Reality, VR Headset, Anxiety Reduction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 79 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Mayo ClinicUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Aug 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 May 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This clinical trial aims to evaluate whether a calming virtual reality (VR) experience can reduce office blood pressure (OBP) and anxiety in adults undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at Mayo Clinic in Florida.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does a 5-minute calming VR session reduce office blood pressure in patients with suspected white coat hypertension or white coat effect?
- Does VR exposure reduce self-reported anxiety levels in the clinical setting?
- Does VR reduce the difference between home (ABPM) and clinic blood pressure readings?
Participants will:
- Complete two short electronic surveys (before and after VR exposure) on a clinic-provided device.
- Undergo a 5-minute virtual reality (VR) relaxation session.
- Have their blood pressure measured before and after the VR session.
Participation will occur during the participant's scheduled ABPM device return visit and will add approximately 30 minutes to the visit.
This is a single-arm, pre-post interventional study where each participant serves as their own control.
Detailed description
This is a prospective, single-arm, pre-post interventional study designed to evaluate the effect of a calming virtual reality (VR) experience on office blood pressure (OBP), home-clinic BP differences, and self-reported anxiety levels in adults undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at Mayo Clinic in Florida.
White coat hypertension (WCH) and white coat effect (WCE) are conditions where patients exhibit elevated OBP readings in clinical settings that are not representative of their typical blood pressure levels in non-clinical environments. These conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. ABPM is considered the gold standard for differentiating true hypertension from WCH/WCE. Emerging evidence suggests that virtual reality can reduce anxiety and physiological stress responses, making it a promising tool for improving the accuracy of clinic-based blood pressure assessments.
The study will enroll up to 250 participants, with a target accrual of 200 completed cases. Participants are identified through electronic medical records as individuals scheduled for ABPM. Those who meet eligibility criteria and provide informed consent will participate during a single clinic visit coinciding with the return of their ABPM device.
During the study visit, participants will:
- Complete a short electronic survey (via REDCap on a clinic-provided device) capturing information about their history of hypertension or white coat hypertension/effect, mental health conditions, use of medications for anxiety or mood disorders, anxiety related to doctor visits, recent caffeine intake, and prior VR experience.
- Complete two standardized anxiety assessments (the Visual Analog Scale [VAS] for anxiety and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 [STAI-6]) prior to VR exposure.
- Undergo three resting office blood pressure (OBP) measurements using an automated blood pressure cuff, with results averaged.
- Participate in a 5-minute immersive VR session featuring a calming, nature-based environment.
- Undergo three additional resting OBP measurements after VR exposure, with results averaged.
- Complete repeat VAS and STAI-6 anxiety assessments following the VR session.
- Complete a brief post-VR survey evaluating comfort, relaxation, side effects, and overall experience.
- Permit research staff to review their Mayo Clinic electronic medical record for demographic information, relevant medical history, current medications, office blood pressure readings at the ABPM fitting, and ABPM study results.
The study's primary objective is to assess the change in OBP before and after VR exposure. Secondary objectives include evaluating the change in the home-clinic BP difference and measuring changes in anxiety scores. Exploratory analyses will examine predictors of VR responsiveness, including age, sex, baseline anxiety, and history of mental health conditions
This study is minimal risk. The VR headset used is commercially available and not being evaluated as an FDA-regulated device. Adverse effects from VR are expected to be rare and may include mild dizziness or nausea.
This research seeks to generate evidence on whether VR can be used as a simple, non-invasive tool to reduce OBP and anxiety in patients at risk for WCH or WCE and improve the reliability of in-clinic BP measurements. The findings may inform future strategies for integrating VR into routine hypertension care.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- This is a single-arm, pre-post interventional study in which all participants receive the same virtual reality (VR) intervention. Each participant undergoes office blood pressure (OBP) measurement and anxiety assessment both before and after a standardized 5-minute VR session. The study evaluates within-subject changes to determine whether VR exposure affects OBP and anxiety levels in adults that will be undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Intervention | Experimental | Behavioral: Virtual Reality ExposureParticipants undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) will receive a 5-minute calming virtual reality (VR) session. Blood pressure and anxiety levels will be measured before and after VR exposure to evaluate its effect on office blood pressure and emotional response in a clinical setting. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Age 18 years or older.
- Undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at Mayo Clinic Florida for any clinical indication.
- Able and willing to provide informed consent.
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- History of epilepsy or seizure disorders.
- Significant cognitive impairment (e.g., dementia, Alzheimer's disease).
- Significant visual impairment that prevents visualization of the VR environment.
- History of vestibular disorders (e.g., Meniere's disease, chronic vertigo).
- Unstable cardiovascular conditions (e.g., myocardial infarction within the past year).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality ExposureParticipants will be exposed to a standardized 5-minute virtual reality (VR) session using a commercially available VR headset. The session features a calming, immersive environment intended to reduce anxiety and lower office blood pressure (OBP) during a clinical visit. The VR experience is delivered after the return of an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) device and before the final BP measurements are obtained. Blood pressure and anxiety scores are assessed immediately before and after VR exposure. | Behavioural | Virtual Reality Intervention |
Primary outcome
Change in Office Blood Pressure (OBP) Before and After VR Exposure
Time frame: Baseline (pre-VR exposure) and immediately post-intervention (post-VR exposure) during the study visit.
The primary outcome is the within-subject change in office blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure) measured immediately before and after a standardized 5-minute calming VR session among patients with suspected white coat hypertension (WCH) or white coat effect (WCE). Blood pressure is measured in triplicate using an automated device, with the average of the three readings recorded both pre- and post-VR exposure. Effectiveness will be assessed by comparing pre- and post-VR OBP measurements. Diagnosis of WCH or WCE will be confirmed through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).
5 secondary outcomes
Change in Home-Clinic Blood Pressure Difference After VR Exposure
Time frame: Baseline (average daytime BP from ABPM prior to study visit) and next day follow-up study visit during ABPM device return.
Change in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Anxiety Before and After VR Exposure
Time frame: Baseline (pre-VR exposure) and immediately post-intervention (post-VR exposure) during the study visit.
Change in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 (STAI-6) Scores Before and After VR Exposure
Time frame: Baseline (pre-VR exposure) and immediately post-intervention (post-VR exposure) during the study visit.
Patient-Reported Acceptability and Satisfaction with the VR Experience
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention (post-VR exposure) during the study visit.
Incidence of Adverse Effects Related to VR Exposure
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention (post-VR exposure) during the study visit.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Nov 2025.
- Background: PubMed 29133356Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC Jr, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ, Williams KA Sr, Williamson JD, Wright JT Jr. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018 Jun;71(6):e13-e115. doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065. Epub 2017 Nov 13. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 16738273Pickering TG, Shimbo D, Haas D. Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jun 1;354(22):2368-74. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra060433. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 28325167Freeman D, Reeve S, Robinson A, Ehlers A, Clark D, Spanlang B, Slater M. Virtual reality in the assessment, understanding, and treatment of mental health disorders. Psychol Med. 2017 Oct;47(14):2393-2400. doi: 10.1017/S003329171700040X. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
- Background: PubMed 33631382Ma H, Bian Y, Wang Y, Zhou C, Geng W, Zhang F, Liu J, Yang C. Exploring the effect of virtual reality relaxation environment on white coat hypertension in blood pressure measurement. J Biomed Inform. 2021 Apr;116:103721. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103721. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42723367Baker LW, Karthik R, Munlapudi VR, Balog J, Mao MA, Trautman CL, Ma Y, Fang ZJ, Porter IE. Virtual Reality Reduces Office Blood Pressure and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: Enhanced Response among Those With a Pronounced White Coat Response. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2026 Sep;28(9):e70360. doi: 10.1111/jch.70360.
- Can A Five-Minute Virtual Reality Headset Intervention Reduce Blood Pressure In Patients With White-Coat Hypertension?Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Lyle W Baker, MD principal investigator
Mayo Clinic
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Virtual Reality Exposure in people with White Coat Hypertension and Hypertension, run by Mayo Clinic at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Office Blood Pressure (OBP) Before and After VR Exposure (time frame: Baseline (pre-VR exposure) and immediately post-intervention (post-VR exposure) during the study visit.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06960057, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Nov 2025.