BalancedNCT06973538
Music-Enhanced Calisthenics in Older Adults
A study testing Music-based Calisthenic Exercise in people with Balanced and Quality of Life, run by Feyza Altindal Karabulut at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of music-enhanced calisthenic exercises on balance, muscle strength, proprioception, and quality of life (QoL) in sedentary older adults. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 65 to 90 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Balanced, Quality of Life, Exercise Theraphy
- What is being tested?
- Music-based Calisthenic Exercise
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 31 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 2 Jan 2024to 2 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 65 to 90 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Only individuals deemed physically suitable for exercise by the institutional physician and who agreed to participate in the exercise program were included.
Who cannot join
- Individuals under 65 years of age.
- Severe cognitive impairment or diagnosed dementia that would prevent safe participation in the exercise program.
- Severe musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular conditions that contraindicate physical exercise.
- Acute or unstable medical conditions requiring immediate medical intervention.
- Hearing impairment that would significantly reduce the ability to follow music-based exercises.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Health Sciences
Niğde, Ni̇ğde, 51700
About this study
Official title: Is Music-Enhanced Calisthenic Exercise More Effective in Healthy Sedentary Older Adults?
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of music-enhanced calisthenic exercises on balance, muscle strength, proprioception, and quality of life (QoL) in sedentary older adults. Thirty-one participants (mean age: 74.41 ± 5.86 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: Calisthenic Exercise Group (CEG), Music-based Calisthenic Exercise Group (MCEG), and Control Group (CG). The intervention consisted of 16 sessions over 8 weeks, including a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of exercise, and a 10-minute cool-down. Assessments included the Timed Up and Go Test (balance), Sit-to-Stand Test (strength), joint position sense tests (proprioception), and the Nottingham Health Profile (QoL). Both exercise groups showed significant improvements in all measured outcomes (p<0.05), with the MCEG demonstrating superior gains, particularly in energy levels and physical function. These findings support the use of music to enhance the benefits of exercise in older adults.
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to evaluate the effects of music-enhanced calisthenic exercises on balance, muscle strength, proprioception, and quality of life (QoL) in healthy sedentary older adults living in nursing homes. The study included 31 participants aged 65 years and older, randomly assigned to one of three groups: the Calisthenic Exercise Group (CEG), the Music-based Calisthenic Exercise Group (MCEG), and the Control Group (CG). The intervention was conducted over 8 weeks, consisting of 16 sessions, with each session lasting approximately 50 minutes. Sessions included a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of calisthenic exercises, and a 10-minute cool-down. The MCEG performed the exercises with background music, while the CEG performed the same exercises without music. The CG did not receive any structured exercise intervention.
The calisthenic exercises included seated leg lifts, chair squats, seated marching, arm curls, and seated torso twists. From the fifth week onwards, elastic resistance bands were introduced to progressively increase the difficulty level and promote muscle hypertrophy and strength gains. Music tracks for the MCEG were carefully selected to promote engagement and motivation, including popular rhythmic and motivational songs suitable for older adults.
Assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention using standardized measurement tools. Balance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, muscle strength with the Sit-to-Stand Test, proprioception with joint position sense testing, and quality of life with the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). These assessments were chosen to capture the physical and psychological impact of the exercise interventions, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the participants' physical function and overall well-being.
Data were analyzed using SPSS (v22.0), with parametric or non-parametric tests selected based on data distribution. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for within-group comparisons, while ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied for between-group comparisons. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Non-Interventional Ethics Committee of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University (Approval No: 2022/11-12, dated 26.09.2022). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study.
The primary aim of this study was to determine whether music-enhanced calisthenic exercises provide greater physical and psychological benefits compared to standard calisthenic exercises alone. Secondary aims included evaluating changes in balance, muscle strength, proprioception, and overall quality of life among healthy sedentary older adults. The results are expected to provide evidence supporting the use of music as a simple, low-cost, and enjoyable addition to exercise programs for older adults.
- Conditions
- Balanced, Quality of Life, Exercise Theraphy, Proprioception
- Being tested
- Music-based Calisthenic Exercise
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Music-based Calisthenic ExerciseOther
Also called Calisthenic Exercise
Participants in this group will perform 8 weeks of calisthenic exercises with background music. Each session includes a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of music-based exercises (e.g., seated leg lifts, chair squats, arm curls), and a 10-minute cool-down. Elastic resistance bands will be introduced from week 5 to increase intensity. Music tracks are selected to enhance motivation and engagement.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Music-based Calisthenic Exercise Group (MCEG) | Experimental | Participants in this group will perform calisthenic exercises with background music for 8 weeks. Each session will include a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of music-enhanced calisthenic exercises (e.g., seated leg lifts, chair squats, seated marching, arm curls, and seated torso twists), and a 10-minute cool-down. From the fifth week onwards, elastic resistance bands will be introduced to progressively increase exercise intensity. The music selection is designed to promote engagement and motivation, including rhythmic and motivational tracks suitable for older adults. Receives: Other: Music-based Calisthenic Exercise |
| Arm 2: Calisthenic Exercise Group (CEG) | Experimental | Participants in this group will perform the same calisthenic exercises as the MCEG but without background music. The intervention will last 8 weeks, with each session including a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of calisthenic exercises (e.g., seated leg lifts, chair squats, seated marching, arm curls, and seated torso twists), and a 10-minute cool-down. From the fifth week onwards, elastic resistance bands will be introduced to progressively increase exercise intensity. Receives: Other: Music-based Calisthenic Exercise |
| Arm 3: Control Group (CG) | No intervention | Participants in this group will not receive any structured exercise intervention during the 8-week study period. They will be encouraged to maintain their usual daily activities without any specific exercise regimen. This group serves as a baseline for comparison against the exercise groups. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Balance Improvement
Change in balance as measured by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. This test assesses functional mobility and balance, with a shorter completion time indicating better balance. Lower TUG scores at the end of the 8-week intervention indicate improved balance.
Change in balance as measured by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. This test assesses functional mobility and balance, with a shorter completion time indicating better balance. Lower TUG scores at the end of the 8-week intervention indicate improved balance.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention
Muscle Strength Improvement
Change in lower limb muscle strength as measured by the Sit-to-Stand Test. This test counts the number of full stands a participant can perform in 30 seconds. Higher scores indicate better muscle strength.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention
Proprioception Improvement
Change in joint position sense as measured by the Joint Position Sense Test. Smaller deviations from the target angle indicate better proprioceptive function.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention
Quality of Life (QoL) Improvement Quality of Life (QoL) Improvement
Change in quality of life as measured by the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), which assesses physical mobility, emotional reactions, social isolation, pain, and energy levels. Lower NHP scores indicate better perceived quality of life.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 May 2025
- Study start2 Jan 2024
- Primary completion2 Feb 2025
- Study completion2 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for BalancedStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study uses a parallel assignment model in which participants are randomly assigned to one of three independent groups: Music-based Calisthenic Exercise Group (MCEG): Participants perform calisthenic exercises with background music. Calisthenic Exercise Group (CEG): Participants perform the same exercises without music. Control Group (CG): Participants receive no structured exercise intervention. Each group follows a fixed 8-week intervention program, with sessions conducted twice weekly. The primary aim is to assess the effects of music-enhanced calisthenic exercises on balance, muscle strength, proprioception, and quality of life in healthy sedentary older adults. Data will be collected pre- and post-intervention to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. Randomization ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any of the three groups, reducing selection bias and enhancing the internal validity of the study.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 31 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Feyza Altindal Karabulut
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Feyza Altindal Karabulut, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06973538
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025/7-5
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 7 May 2025
- Last updated
- 15 May 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Anonymized individual participant data, including demographic information, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test scores, Sit-to-Stand test results, joint position sense measurements, and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) scores, will be made available upon reasonable request. Data will be shared through a secure institutional repository following publication of the primary manuscript. Access will be granted to qualified researchers for the purpose of validating findings or conducting further analysis, in accordance with ethical guidelines.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 May 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Is Music-Enhanced Calisthenic Exercise More Effective in Healthy Sedentary Older Adults?
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06973538
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2025/7-5
- Conditions
- Balanced, Quality of Life, Exercise Theraphy, Proprioception
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 31 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Feyza Altindal KarabulutUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 2 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 2 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 May 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of music-enhanced calisthenic exercises on balance, muscle strength, proprioception, and quality of life (QoL) in sedentary older adults. Thirty-one participants (mean age: 74.41 ± 5.86 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: Calisthenic Exercise Group (CEG), Music-based Calisthenic Exercise Group (MCEG), and Control Group (CG). The intervention consisted of 16 sessions over 8 weeks, including a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of exercise, and a 10-minute cool-down. Assessments included the Timed Up and Go Test (balance), Sit-to-Stand Test (strength), joint position sense tests (proprioception), and the Nottingham Health Profile (QoL). Both exercise groups showed significant improvements in all measured outcomes (p<0.05), with the MCEG demonstrating superior gains, particularly in energy levels and physical function. These findings support the use of music to enhance the benefits of exercise in older adults.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to evaluate the effects of music-enhanced calisthenic exercises on balance, muscle strength, proprioception, and quality of life (QoL) in healthy sedentary older adults living in nursing homes. The study included 31 participants aged 65 years and older, randomly assigned to one of three groups: the Calisthenic Exercise Group (CEG), the Music-based Calisthenic Exercise Group (MCEG), and the Control Group (CG). The intervention was conducted over 8 weeks, consisting of 16 sessions, with each session lasting approximately 50 minutes. Sessions included a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of calisthenic exercises, and a 10-minute cool-down. The MCEG performed the exercises with background music, while the CEG performed the same exercises without music. The CG did not receive any structured exercise intervention.
The calisthenic exercises included seated leg lifts, chair squats, seated marching, arm curls, and seated torso twists. From the fifth week onwards, elastic resistance bands were introduced to progressively increase the difficulty level and promote muscle hypertrophy and strength gains. Music tracks for the MCEG were carefully selected to promote engagement and motivation, including popular rhythmic and motivational songs suitable for older adults.
Assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention using standardized measurement tools. Balance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, muscle strength with the Sit-to-Stand Test, proprioception with joint position sense testing, and quality of life with the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). These assessments were chosen to capture the physical and psychological impact of the exercise interventions, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the participants' physical function and overall well-being.
Data were analyzed using SPSS (v22.0), with parametric or non-parametric tests selected based on data distribution. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for within-group comparisons, while ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied for between-group comparisons. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Non-Interventional Ethics Committee of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University (Approval No: 2022/11-12, dated 26.09.2022). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study.
The primary aim of this study was to determine whether music-enhanced calisthenic exercises provide greater physical and psychological benefits compared to standard calisthenic exercises alone. Secondary aims included evaluating changes in balance, muscle strength, proprioception, and overall quality of life among healthy sedentary older adults. The results are expected to provide evidence supporting the use of music as a simple, low-cost, and enjoyable addition to exercise programs for older adults.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- This study uses a parallel assignment model in which participants are randomly assigned to one of three independent groups: Music-based Calisthenic Exercise Group (MCEG): Participants perform calisthenic exercises with background music. Calisthenic Exercise Group (CEG): Participants perform the same exercises without music. Control Group (CG): Participants receive no structured exercise intervention. Each group follows a fixed 8-week intervention program, with sessions conducted twice weekly. The primary aim is to assess the effects of music-enhanced calisthenic exercises on balance, muscle strength, proprioception, and quality of life in healthy sedentary older adults. Data will be collected pre- and post-intervention to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. Randomization ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any of the three groups, reducing selection bias and enhancing the internal validity of the study.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Music-based Calisthenic Exercise Group (MCEG) | Experimental | Other: Music-based Calisthenic ExerciseParticipants in this group will perform calisthenic exercises with background music for 8 weeks. Each session will include a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of music-enhanced calisthenic exercises (e.g., seated leg lifts, chair squats, seated marching, arm curls, and seated torso twists), and a 10-minute cool-down. From the fifth week onwards, elastic resistance bands will be introduced to progressively increase exercise intensity. The music selection is designed to promote engagement and motivation, including rhythmic and motivational tracks suitable for older adults. |
| Arm 2: Calisthenic Exercise Group (CEG) | Experimental | Other: Music-based Calisthenic ExerciseParticipants in this group will perform the same calisthenic exercises as the MCEG but without background music. The intervention will last 8 weeks, with each session including a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of calisthenic exercises (e.g., seated leg lifts, chair squats, seated marching, arm curls, and seated torso twists), and a 10-minute cool-down. From the fifth week onwards, elastic resistance bands will be introduced to progressively increase exercise intensity. |
| Arm 3: Control Group (CG) | No intervention | –Participants in this group will not receive any structured exercise intervention during the 8-week study period. They will be encouraged to maintain their usual daily activities without any specific exercise regimen. This group serves as a baseline for comparison against the exercise groups. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 65 to 90 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Only individuals deemed physically suitable for exercise by the institutional physician and who agreed to participate in the exercise program were included.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Individuals under 65 years of age.
- Severe cognitive impairment or diagnosed dementia that would prevent safe participation in the exercise program.
- Severe musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular conditions that contraindicate physical exercise.
- Acute or unstable medical conditions requiring immediate medical intervention.
- Hearing impairment that would significantly reduce the ability to follow music-based exercises.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Music-based Calisthenic ExerciseAlso: Calisthenic ExerciseParticipants in this group will perform 8 weeks of calisthenic exercises with background music. Each session includes a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of music-based exercises (e.g., seated leg lifts, chair squats, arm curls), and a 10-minute cool-down. Elastic resistance bands will be introduced from week 5 to increase intensity. Music tracks are selected to enhance motivation and engagement. | Other | Arm 1: Music-based Calisthenic Exercise Group (MCEG), Arm 2: Calisthenic Exercise Group (CEG) |
Primary outcome
Balance Improvement
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention
Change in balance as measured by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. This test assesses functional mobility and balance, with a shorter completion time indicating better balance. Lower TUG scores at the end of the 8-week intervention indicate improved balance. Change in balance as measured by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. This test assesses functional mobility and balance, with a shorter completion time indicating better balance. Lower TUG scores at the end of the 8-week intervention indicate improved balance.
Muscle Strength Improvement
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention
Change in lower limb muscle strength as measured by the Sit-to-Stand Test. This test counts the number of full stands a participant can perform in 30 seconds. Higher scores indicate better muscle strength.
Proprioception Improvement
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention
Change in joint position sense as measured by the Joint Position Sense Test. Smaller deviations from the target angle indicate better proprioceptive function.
Quality of Life (QoL) Improvement Quality of Life (QoL) Improvement
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention
Change in quality of life as measured by the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), which assesses physical mobility, emotional reactions, social isolation, pain, and energy levels. Lower NHP scores indicate better perceived quality of life.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 May 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Anonymized individual participant data, including demographic information, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test scores, Sit-to-Stand test results, joint position sense measurements, and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) scores, will be made available upon reasonable request. Data will be shared through a secure institutional repository following publication of the primary manuscript. Access will be granted to qualified researchers for the purpose of validating findings or conducting further analysis, in accordance with ethical guidelines.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Music-based Calisthenic Exercise in people with Balanced and Quality of Life, run by Feyza Altindal Karabulut at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 May 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Balance Improvement (time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 May 2025.