Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeNCT06978686
The Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the BBAQ
An observational study of Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice and Physical Inactivity, run by Istanbul Medeniyet University at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ) was originally developed in English to identify barriers to physical activity. This study aims to translate and cross-culturally adapt the BBAQ into Turkish (BBAQ-T) and evaluate its psychometric properties. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Physical Inactivity
- How many people
- 210 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 20 May 2025to 20 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: The sample will consist of volunteer, healthy participants.
Who may be able to join
- Aged 18 years or older
- Ability to read and write in Turkish
- No visual or hearing impairments that would interfere with participation
- Ability to follow simple instructions
- Willingness to participate in the study
Who cannot join
- Diagnosis of rheumatological conditions that may limit physical activity and are characterized by chronic inflammation and/or joint deformities (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis)
- Physical limitations due to neurological or orthopedic conditions (e.g., stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, limb amputation, or orthopedic surgery within the past six months)
- History of psychiatric disorders that may impair cognitive functioning (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)
- Presence of any cognitive impairment
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)2 sites
İstanbul Medeniyet University
Kartal, Istanbul, 34862
Emel Mete
Maltepe, Istanbul, 34862
About this study
Official title: The Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Barriers to Being Active Quiz
The Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ) was originally developed in English to identify barriers to physical activity. This study aims to translate and cross-culturally adapt the BBAQ into Turkish (BBAQ-T) and evaluate its psychometric properties.
Read the detailed description
The study involves the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the BBAQ into Turkish and the assessment of its reliability and validity. A total of 210 healthy participants will be recruited. The adaptation process will follow a standardized back-translation method using two bilingual translators. A pilot study (n=15) will assess face validity, including linguistic clarity, conceptual relevance, and administration time. To evaluate test-retest reliability, participants will complete the BBAQ-T again within 5-7 days after the initial assessment. Internal consistency will be analyzed using Cronbach's alpha (α). Construct validity will be examined by correlating the BBAQ-T with the Turkish versions of the Self-Perceived Barriers for Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Short Form-12 (SF-12).
- Keywords
- exercise, questionnaires, physical activity, validation study
- Medical subject headings
- Behavior, Sedentary Behavior, Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Healthy volunteers | This group consists of healthy university students between the ages of 18 and 35 who voluntarily participate in the study. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Barriers to Being Active Quiz
The Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ) is a 21-item questionnaire originally developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to identify perceived barriers to physical activity. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (very unlikely) to 3 (very likely). The scale includes seven sub-dimensions: lack of time, social influences, lack of energy, lack of willpower, fear of injury, lack of skills, and lack of resources. A subscale score of 5 or higher indicates a significant barrier in that domain. In this study, the BBAQ will be translated and cross-culturally adapted into Turkish following standardized guidelines.
Measured: Baseline (First assessment)
Secondary outcomes (3)
Barriers to Being Active Quiz
The Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ) is a 21-item questionnaire originally developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to identify perceived barriers to physical activity. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (very unlikely) to 3 (very likely). The scale includes seven sub-dimensions: lack of time, social influences, lack of energy, lack of willpower, fear of injury, lack of skills, and lack of resources. A subscale score of 5 or higher indicates a significant barrier in that domain. In this study, the BBAQ will be translated and cross-culturally adapted into Turkish following standardized guidelines
Measured: Within a 5-to-7-day period after the first assessment (Second assessment)
Self-Perceived Barriers for Physical Activity Questionnaire
This self-report instrument evaluates individuals' perceived obstacles to physical activity across personal, social, and environmental domains. It has been validated in Turkish and is used in this study to assess the convergent validity of the BBAQ-T. Participants rate the degree to which each item is a barrier to their physical activity.
Measured: Baseline (First assessment)
Short Form-12
The SF-12 is a widely used instrument that assesses health-related quality of life. It provides two summary scores: the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS). The Turkish version has been validated and will be used to further support the construct validity of the BBAQ-T by evaluating correlations with general health status
Measured: Baseline (First assessment)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 May 2025
- Study start20 May 2025
- Primary completion10 Jan 2026
- Study completion20 Jan 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 210 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul Medeniyet University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Emel Mete, Istanbul Medeniyet University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06978686
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025/BBAQ
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 11 May 2025
- Last updated
- 28 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Barriers to Being Active Quiz
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06978686
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2025/BBAQ
- Keywords
- exercise, questionnaires, physical activity, validation study
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 210 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul Medeniyet UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 May 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 10 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Jan 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 May 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ) was originally developed in English to identify barriers to physical activity. This study aims to translate and cross-culturally adapt the BBAQ into Turkish (BBAQ-T) and evaluate its psychometric properties.
Detailed description
The study involves the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the BBAQ into Turkish and the assessment of its reliability and validity. A total of 210 healthy participants will be recruited. The adaptation process will follow a standardized back-translation method using two bilingual translators. A pilot study (n=15) will assess face validity, including linguistic clarity, conceptual relevance, and administration time. To evaluate test-retest reliability, participants will complete the BBAQ-T again within 5-7 days after the initial assessment. Internal consistency will be analyzed using Cronbach's alpha (α). Construct validity will be examined by correlating the BBAQ-T with the Turkish versions of the Self-Perceived Barriers for Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Short Form-12 (SF-12).
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Healthy volunteers | – | –This group consists of healthy university students between the ages of 18 and 35 who voluntarily participate in the study. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- The sample will consist of volunteer, healthy participants.
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Aged 18 years or older
- Ability to read and write in Turkish
- No visual or hearing impairments that would interfere with participation
- Ability to follow simple instructions
- Willingness to participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Diagnosis of rheumatological conditions that may limit physical activity and are characterized by chronic inflammation and/or joint deformities (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis)
- Physical limitations due to neurological or orthopedic conditions (e.g., stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, limb amputation, or orthopedic surgery within the past six months)
- History of psychiatric disorders that may impair cognitive functioning (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)
- Presence of any cognitive impairment
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Barriers to Being Active Quiz
Time frame: Baseline (First assessment)
The Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ) is a 21-item questionnaire originally developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to identify perceived barriers to physical activity. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (very unlikely) to 3 (very likely). The scale includes seven sub-dimensions: lack of time, social influences, lack of energy, lack of willpower, fear of injury, lack of skills, and lack of resources. A subscale score of 5 or higher indicates a significant barrier in that domain. In this study, the BBAQ will be translated and cross-culturally adapted into Turkish following standardized guidelines.
3 secondary outcomes
Barriers to Being Active Quiz
Time frame: Within a 5-to-7-day period after the first assessment (Second assessment)
Self-Perceived Barriers for Physical Activity Questionnaire
Time frame: Baseline (First assessment)
Short Form-12
Time frame: Baseline (First assessment)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice and Physical Inactivity, run by Istanbul Medeniyet University at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Barriers to Being Active Quiz (time frame: Baseline (First assessment)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Aug 2026.