Effects of a Yoga Program on the Functionality of Individuals

The Numerical rating pain scale, a simple, easily administered scale evaluates the perceived intensity of pain, using an 11-point scale from 0, representing 'no pain', to 10, which is the 'worst possible pain'.

Pain self-efficacy questionnaire, structured into 10 items where each item is evaluated by selecting a number on a 7-point numerical scale (scores from 0 to 6), where 0 means "not at all confident" and 6 means "completely confident". The items cover different functions, from work, social activities, domestic tasks and coping with pain without medication. A total score is calculated from the sum of the scores for each of the 10 items, producing a total score that ranges from 0 to 60. Higher scores reflect stronger self-efficacy beliefs.

The perception of the global effect of the treatment by the research participant will be evaluated by the Global Perception of Change scale. The Global Perception of Change scale is a direct scale on the patient's self-perception when the intervention is performed. This scale consists of 11 points, ranging from -5 (worsening compared to the start of treatment), 0 (neutral) and +5 (improvement compared to the start of treatment), using the Portuguese version.

Iimed up and go test, research participants will be instructed to get up from a chair, walk 3 meters comfortably and safely, come back and sit down in the chair. The time taken to complete this task will be measured using a stopwatch that will be started after the verbal command 'go' and stopped when the participant returns to the initial sitting position. A first attempt will be made to familiarize the participant with the procedure. Two assessments will then be carried out. The average of the two assessments will be recorded for later data analysis.

manual dynamometer portable (Lafayette Manual Muscle System, Modelo 01165, Lafayette Instrument Company, Lafayette, IN). Four 5-second readings will be taken during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) with a 30-second rest period between contractions. The first CIVM will familiarize the volunteer with carrying out the task. A new set of readings will be taken if a volunteer can perform three contractions with at least 10% variability. Strong and constant verbal stimuli will be used throughout the test. Always with the research participants' hands positioned crossed on the chest. Thus, bilateral assessments of the muscles, quadriceps, and gluteus medius will be carried out. The order of CIVM readings will be randomized to avoid collection bias. The research participant will remain in lateral decubitus with a pillow positioned between the legs, with the limb to be tested superiorly in a neutral position.

The 30-Second Chair Stand Test (30s-CST) assesses physical function and is recommended by OARSI for individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The participant performs as many sit-to-stand repetitions as possible in 30 seconds, using a 43 cm-high, straight-backed chair without armrests, placed against a wall. The starting position is seated, feet flat, hip-width apart, and arms crossed over the chest. Two to three practice repetitions are recommended. If unable to stand independently, participants may use hand support or a mobility aid, with score adjustments. The same chair must be used for all assessments.

The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is a functional assessment of static and dynamic balance. It consists of 14 items, each scored on a 4-point Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 0 to 56 points. Risk of falls is classified as follows:

0 to 20: high risk of falls, 21 to 40: moderate risk of falls, and 41 to 56: low risk of falls. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the BBS has been translated, cross-culturally adapted, and validated, demonstrating adequate levels of reliability and measurement consistency.