Breathing ExerciseNCT07028307
Effect of Kinesio Tape and Breathing Exercises in Hyperkyphosis
A study testing Breathing Exercises and Breathing Exercises + Kinesio Taping Group in people with Breathing Exercise and Pranayama, run by Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of breathing exercises alone and in combination with kinesiotape application on pain experience, postural alignment, sleep quality, anxiety level, and respiratory capacity in university students with thoracic hyperkyphosis. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Breathing Exercise, Pranayama, Kinesio Taping
- What is being tested?
- Breathing Exercises and Breathing Exercises + Kinesio Taping Group
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 3 Jan 2025to 29 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- University students
- Those with hyperkyphosis
- Those who volunteer to participate in the study
Who cannot join
- Respiratory diseases: Individuals diagnosed with asthma, COPD, interstitial lung diseases and other chronic respiratory diseases
- Smoking
- Surgical history
- Pharmacological treatment
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Istanbul Health and Technology University
Istanbul, Beyoğlu, 34275
About this study
Official title: Effects of Kinesio Taping and Breathing Exercises in Individuals With Hyperkyphosis
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of breathing exercises alone and in combination with kinesiotape application on pain experience, postural alignment, sleep quality, anxiety level, and respiratory capacity in university students with thoracic hyperkyphosis. A total of 30 university students aged between 19-30 with complaints of back pain and increased kyphosis were included in the study and the participants were divided into 2 groups. Breathing exercises included yogic pranayama techniques and were performed 5 days a week for 4 weeks. In the breathing exercises and kinesiotape group, in addition to the breathing exercises applied; kinesiotape application for hyperkyphosis was applied once a week for 4 weeks. Within the scope of the study, participants' posture, respiratory capacity, pain level, anxiety level and functional posture parameters were evaluated.
Read the detailed description
Today, back pain has become one of the most common health problems encountered by physiotherapists. In the emergence of back pain; structural, functional and mechanical disorders of the spine, biological factors such as obesity, psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression, and social factors such as age, gender, economic status and working conditions play an important role. In addition, staying inactive for long hours, incorrect sitting positions, lifting heavy loads or repetitive incorrect movements can also cause back pain to worsen. Today's living conditions, with the decrease in physical activity and increase in stress, cause back pain to become more common. In order to prevent this situation, it is very important to do regular exercise, gain posture habits suitable for body mechanics and create ergonomic working conditions. One of the most important causes of back pain is posture disorder. Bad posture disrupts the equal distribution of compressive and tension forces that should be balanced on the body axis, causing various structural problems in the spine. As a result, nerve roots can be compressed, intervertebral foramina can narrow, and repetitive tensions can occur in the muscles, causing back pain. Bad posture, which is considered inadequate body posture, causes muscles, bones, and other structures to work excessively, paving the way for serious problems to develop in the body over time. Smartphone addiction in university students can lead to many physical ailments such as back, waist, and neck pain. It has been observed that back pain in university students is associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, back pain caused by kyphosis can also affect psychological status. Schmidt stated that back pain is more severe in patients who are insecure and uncompliant, and that these patients are individuals who are subjectively prone to burnout. Occiput-wall distance (OWD), which is a measure of kyphosis, has been associated with posture disorder, osteoporosis, disability and depression. Techniques such as kinesio tape, postural exercises, manual therapy, Schroth method and stretching exercises can be applied in the treatment of kyphosis. It has been explained that the application of kinesio tape in university students has positive effects in reducing the thoracic kyphosis angle and increasing postural awareness.Breathing exercises are an effective method for correcting posture and improving spinal health in individuals with increased kyphosis. Kyphosis usually results in posture disorders as a result of excessive curvature in the upper part of the spine. Breathing exercises encourage the correct use of the diaphragm in particular and help correct body posture. Deep breathing and activating the diaphragm muscles make it easier to keep the spine upright, strengthen the back muscles and make the body more stable. Today, we are encountering an increase in posture disorders more commonly every year, especially among university students with a young population. It is very important to determine the level of postural problems and pain experience that develop and are likely to progress in university students and the approaches to prevent them. When the literature is examined, there is no study showing the effects of the combined application of kinesiotape and breathing exercises to individuals with postural kyphosis. In this context, the aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of the use of breathing exercises alone and the combined use of breathing exercises and kinesiotape application on pain experience, postural improvement, sleep quality, anxiety level and respiratory capacity in university students with thoracic hyperkyphosis.
- Conditions
- Breathing Exercise, Pranayama, Kinesio Taping, Hyperkyphosis
- Being tested
- Breathing Exercises, Breathing Exercises + Kinesio Taping Group
- Keywords
- kinesiotaping, pranayama, hyperkyphosis, breathing exercise
- Medical subject headings
- Kyphosis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Breathing ExercisesOther
Ujjai: While the mouth is closed, a hissing sound is made until the space between the throat and lungs is filled with breath, and a slow and deep inhalation is made. Then, without holding the breath, a long and full exhalation is made through a partially closed glottis and a slight laryngeal muscle contraction, and the same sound is made. In each session, two sets of ujjayi technique were applied, with an inhalation:exhalation ratio of 1:2 and 10 respiratory cycles, with a 1-minute rest period between sets.
Sukha Pranayama: Applied for 5 minutes with a 5:5 inhalation:exhalation ratio of 6 breaths per minute.
Nadi Shodhana: After closing the right nostril with the thumb of the right hand, a slow and deep inhalation is performed through the left nostril. After maximum inhalation, without holding the breath, the left nostril is closed with the fourth finger of the right hand and a full exhalation is performed through the right nostril. Maintaining the closed position of the left nostr
Breathing Exercises + Kinesio Taping GroupOther
The tape was not removed for 5 days from the day of the procedure, but was removed after the 5th day, allowing the skin to rest for 2 days, and then repeated for 4 weeks with a new kinesio tape application. The tapes of those who stated that there was wear or tear on the tape were renewed within a week. After the skin was cleaned with alcohol, the kinesio tape application was applied bilaterally as an I tape with 25-50% tension on the paraspinal muscles from the 7th cervical vertebra to the 12th thoracic vertebra. The I tape was applied horizontally with 50% tension to the point where the kyphotic area was clearly observed. All strips were rubbed to increase adhesion to the skin and activate the tape.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Breathing Exercises Group | Active comparator | The breathing exercises applied included yogic pranayama techniques and were performed face to face one day a week and followed with an exercise diary to indicate that they continued these exercises on the remaining days of the week, for a total of 5 days a week and 4 weeks. Reminder messages for the exercises were sent through the WhatsApp group opened with all participants included in the study. In the first session, patient education was given about diaphragmatic breathing and its importance. The breathing techniques applied included Ujjai, Sukha Pranayama and Nadi Shodhana techniques. Receives: Other: Breathing Exercises |
| Breathing Exercises + Kinesio Taping Group | Active comparator | In addition to the breathing techniques and patient education applied in the breathing exercises group; kinesiotape application for hyperkyphosis was applied by the same physiotherapist once a week for 4 weeks. Receives: Other: Breathing Exercises + Kinesio Taping Group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The New York Posture Rating
It is an assessment tool developed to determine the posture disorders of individuals. It was first published in 1958 and allows the body to be analyzed from anterior (front) and lateral (side) perspectives by dividing it into 13 different regions.
Measured: Baseline and week 4
The McGill Pain Questionnaire
The questionnaire consists of four main sections. At the beginning of the form, there is information about the patient's medical diagnosis and current problem, the analgesic drugs used and their type and dosage, as well as the patient's perception of pain, the location of the pain, its characteristics, its relationship with time and its severity.
Measured: Baseline and week 4
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
The scale consists of 24 questions in total. The scale consists of 7 components that evaluate sleep quality: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency (time to fall asleep), sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleeping pills, and daytime dysfunction. A high total score from the scale indicates poor sleep quality. A score of 5 or more on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale indicates poor sleep quality.
Measured: Baseline and 4 week
Beck Anxiety Inventory
It was developed by Beck et al. (1988) to measure anxiety severity and consists of 21 items. The total score of the scale varies between 0 and 63.
Measured: Baseline and week 4
Body Oxygen Level Test
The BOLT test is usually related to the breathing pattern, breath holding time and oxygen level. A low BOLT score of 10-20 seconds indicates poor respiratory capacity and inadequate oxygen intake, while 25-40 seconds is normal, and 40 and above indicates a high BOLT score, which means improved oxygen capacity.
Measured: Baseline and week 4
C7- Wall Distance
It is a valid and reliable testing method that measures the perpendicular distance from the C7 spinous process to the wall.
Measured: Baseline and week 4
Occiput Wall Distance:OWD
Participants are asked to touch their occiput to the wall while their backs and heels are against the wall and their heads are looking forward. The distance is measured.
Measured: Baseline and week 4
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Jun 2025
- Study start3 Jan 2025
- Primary completion25 Mar 2025
- Study completion29 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Breathing ExerciseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Saglik Bilimleri UniversitesiThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07028307
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KYPHSZ-2025
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 11 Jun 2025
- Last updated
- 19 Jun 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Kinesio Taping and Breathing Exercises in Individuals With Hyperkyphosis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07028307
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- KYPHSZ-2025
- Conditions
- Breathing Exercise, Pranayama, Kinesio Taping, Hyperkyphosis
- Keywords
- kinesiotaping, pranayama, hyperkyphosis, breathing exercise
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Saglik Bilimleri UniversitesiUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
- Study start
- 3 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 25 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 29 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of breathing exercises alone and in combination with kinesiotape application on pain experience, postural alignment, sleep quality, anxiety level, and respiratory capacity in university students with thoracic hyperkyphosis. A total of 30 university students aged between 19-30 with complaints of back pain and increased kyphosis were included in the study and the participants were divided into 2 groups. Breathing exercises included yogic pranayama techniques and were performed 5 days a week for 4 weeks. In the breathing exercises and kinesiotape group, in addition to the breathing exercises applied; kinesiotape application for hyperkyphosis was applied once a week for 4 weeks. Within the scope of the study, participants' posture, respiratory capacity, pain level, anxiety level and functional posture parameters were evaluated.
Detailed description
Today, back pain has become one of the most common health problems encountered by physiotherapists. In the emergence of back pain; structural, functional and mechanical disorders of the spine, biological factors such as obesity, psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression, and social factors such as age, gender, economic status and working conditions play an important role. In addition, staying inactive for long hours, incorrect sitting positions, lifting heavy loads or repetitive incorrect movements can also cause back pain to worsen. Today's living conditions, with the decrease in physical activity and increase in stress, cause back pain to become more common. In order to prevent this situation, it is very important to do regular exercise, gain posture habits suitable for body mechanics and create ergonomic working conditions. One of the most important causes of back pain is posture disorder. Bad posture disrupts the equal distribution of compressive and tension forces that should be balanced on the body axis, causing various structural problems in the spine. As a result, nerve roots can be compressed, intervertebral foramina can narrow, and repetitive tensions can occur in the muscles, causing back pain. Bad posture, which is considered inadequate body posture, causes muscles, bones, and other structures to work excessively, paving the way for serious problems to develop in the body over time. Smartphone addiction in university students can lead to many physical ailments such as back, waist, and neck pain. It has been observed that back pain in university students is associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, back pain caused by kyphosis can also affect psychological status. Schmidt stated that back pain is more severe in patients who are insecure and uncompliant, and that these patients are individuals who are subjectively prone to burnout. Occiput-wall distance (OWD), which is a measure of kyphosis, has been associated with posture disorder, osteoporosis, disability and depression. Techniques such as kinesio tape, postural exercises, manual therapy, Schroth method and stretching exercises can be applied in the treatment of kyphosis. It has been explained that the application of kinesio tape in university students has positive effects in reducing the thoracic kyphosis angle and increasing postural awareness.Breathing exercises are an effective method for correcting posture and improving spinal health in individuals with increased kyphosis. Kyphosis usually results in posture disorders as a result of excessive curvature in the upper part of the spine. Breathing exercises encourage the correct use of the diaphragm in particular and help correct body posture. Deep breathing and activating the diaphragm muscles make it easier to keep the spine upright, strengthen the back muscles and make the body more stable. Today, we are encountering an increase in posture disorders more commonly every year, especially among university students with a young population. It is very important to determine the level of postural problems and pain experience that develop and are likely to progress in university students and the approaches to prevent them. When the literature is examined, there is no study showing the effects of the combined application of kinesiotape and breathing exercises to individuals with postural kyphosis. In this context, the aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of the use of breathing exercises alone and the combined use of breathing exercises and kinesiotape application on pain experience, postural improvement, sleep quality, anxiety level and respiratory capacity in university students with thoracic hyperkyphosis.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Breathing Exercises Group | Active comparator | Other: Breathing ExercisesThe breathing exercises applied included yogic pranayama techniques and were performed face to face one day a week and followed with an exercise diary to indicate that they continued these exercises on the remaining days of the week, for a total of 5 days a week and 4 weeks. Reminder messages for the exercises were sent through the WhatsApp group opened with all participants included in the study. In the first session, patient education was given about diaphragmatic breathing and its importance. The breathing techniques applied included Ujjai, Sukha Pranayama and Nadi Shodhana techniques. |
| Breathing Exercises + Kinesio Taping Group | Active comparator | Other: Breathing Exercises + Kinesio Taping GroupIn addition to the breathing techniques and patient education applied in the breathing exercises group; kinesiotape application for hyperkyphosis was applied by the same physiotherapist once a week for 4 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- University students
- Those with hyperkyphosis
- Those who volunteer to participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Respiratory diseases: Individuals diagnosed with asthma, COPD, interstitial lung diseases and other chronic respiratory diseases
- Smoking
- Surgical history
- Pharmacological treatment
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Breathing ExercisesUjjai: While the mouth is closed, a hissing sound is made until the space between the throat and lungs is filled with breath, and a slow and deep inhalation is made. Then, without holding the breath, a long and full exhalation is made through a partially closed glottis and a slight laryngeal muscle contraction, and the same sound is made. In each session, two sets of ujjayi technique were applied, with an inhalation:exhalation ratio of 1:2 and 10 respiratory cycles, with a 1-minute rest period between sets. Sukha Pranayama: Applied for 5 minutes with a 5:5 inhalation:exhalation ratio of 6 breaths per minute. Nadi Shodhana: After closing the right nostril with the thumb of the right hand, a slow and deep inhalation is performed through the left nostril. After maximum inhalation, without holding the breath, the left nostril is closed with the fourth finger of the right hand and a full exhalation is performed through the right nostril. Maintaining the closed position of the left nostr | Other | Breathing Exercises Group |
| Breathing Exercises + Kinesio Taping GroupThe tape was not removed for 5 days from the day of the procedure, but was removed after the 5th day, allowing the skin to rest for 2 days, and then repeated for 4 weeks with a new kinesio tape application. The tapes of those who stated that there was wear or tear on the tape were renewed within a week. After the skin was cleaned with alcohol, the kinesio tape application was applied bilaterally as an I tape with 25-50% tension on the paraspinal muscles from the 7th cervical vertebra to the 12th thoracic vertebra. The I tape was applied horizontally with 50% tension to the point where the kyphotic area was clearly observed. All strips were rubbed to increase adhesion to the skin and activate the tape. | Other | Breathing Exercises + Kinesio Taping Group |
Primary outcome
The New York Posture Rating
Time frame: Baseline and week 4
It is an assessment tool developed to determine the posture disorders of individuals. It was first published in 1958 and allows the body to be analyzed from anterior (front) and lateral (side) perspectives by dividing it into 13 different regions.
The McGill Pain Questionnaire
Time frame: Baseline and week 4
The questionnaire consists of four main sections. At the beginning of the form, there is information about the patient's medical diagnosis and current problem, the analgesic drugs used and their type and dosage, as well as the patient's perception of pain, the location of the pain, its characteristics, its relationship with time and its severity.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Time frame: Baseline and 4 week
The scale consists of 24 questions in total. The scale consists of 7 components that evaluate sleep quality: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency (time to fall asleep), sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleeping pills, and daytime dysfunction. A high total score from the scale indicates poor sleep quality. A score of 5 or more on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale indicates poor sleep quality.
Beck Anxiety Inventory
Time frame: Baseline and week 4
It was developed by Beck et al. (1988) to measure anxiety severity and consists of 21 items. The total score of the scale varies between 0 and 63.
Body Oxygen Level Test
Time frame: Baseline and week 4
The BOLT test is usually related to the breathing pattern, breath holding time and oxygen level. A low BOLT score of 10-20 seconds indicates poor respiratory capacity and inadequate oxygen intake, while 25-40 seconds is normal, and 40 and above indicates a high BOLT score, which means improved oxygen capacity.
C7- Wall Distance
Time frame: Baseline and week 4
It is a valid and reliable testing method that measures the perpendicular distance from the C7 spinous process to the wall.
Occiput Wall Distance:OWD
Time frame: Baseline and week 4
Participants are asked to touch their occiput to the wall while their backs and heels are against the wall and their heads are looking forward. The distance is measured.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Jun 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Breathing Exercises and Breathing Exercises + Kinesio Taping Group in people with Breathing Exercise and Pranayama, run by Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The New York Posture Rating (time frame: Baseline and week 4). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Jun 2025.