Cohort Study on Treatment Comes of Catheter-based Therapy in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Hong Kong

Introduction Acute pulmonary embolism is a well known disease to all cardiologists and physicians. Not only because of the disease is not uncommon, not a small portion of patients suffered from acute pulmonary embolism may deteriorate suddenly and rapidly, before the intiation of treatment. Luckily, time trend analyses throughout the world the mortality of pulmonary embolism is on decreasing trend.

Besides traditional systemic thrombolysis and surgical embolectomy, percutaneous catheter directed treatment has been used recently as well, especially those who are poor surgical candidates while not eligible to systemic thrombolytics. There are different types of percutaneous catheter directed treatment. Boardly can be divided as the catheter interventions with or without use of thrombolysis and catheter based aspiration thrombectomy. In our local experiences, EKOS is one of the example as catheter interventions with the use of thrombolysis, by using ultrasound assisstance. While IndigoVR Mechanical Thrombectomy System (Penumbra), Flowtriever system (Inari) and AlphaVac (angiodynamic) are some of examples of the aspiration thrombectomy.

Direct comparions between different types of percutaneous cathter directed treatment is limited. With the local datas avaliable, we would like to compare the efficacy, safety and other significant clinical outcomes between different types of catheter-based therapies.

Objectives In patient with pulmonary embolism who underwent percutaneous catheter directed treatment , is there any difference interms of clinical efficacy, safety outcomes and other significant clinlcal parameters? Patients and Methods Inclusion criteria

1. Adults >= 18 years
2. Patients who were admitted to Pok Oi Hospital, Tuen Mun Hospital, Prince of Wales Hopstial from Jan 2016 to December 2021 and diagnosed to have acute pulmonary embolism
3. Receiveed treatment of any types of catheter-based therapy for pulmonary embolism Exclusion Criteria
4. no exclusion criteria

As this is an all comers registry, there is no upper limit of sample size. Consent As this retrospective study only involve data collection and no active intervention to the patients, consent will be waivered. Only necessary and relevant existing clinical data will be retirieved by desiganted investigators from electronic medical records stored in the clinical management system of the participating hospitals. Only if necessary (e.g. if data not avaliable in electronic system from clinical management system ) , the kardex will be retrieved and returned as soon as possible Any identifying information will be removed before further storage, and analysis. Data entry, storage, analysis and presentations will be processed anonymously. Confidentiality and ethical use of the data is safeguard with all data only accessible to designated investigators. All the data will be deleted, removed and destroyed after 5 years of study completion.

Potential risk and benefit The major risk to study participants is confidentiality regarding identifiable, private health information - specifically, medical record numbers. To maintain security of this information, the database of included participants will be kept in a password-protected computer with antivirus software within the hospital compound.

Methodology The patients will be searched in hospital authority CMS record with key words Diagnosis Code Acute pulmonary embolism and infarction and procedural code of infusion of thrombolytic agent and incision of other thoracic vessels.

Afterwards the recruited cases will be reviewed , either selected or abandoned according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study will be conducted in compliance to the Declaration of Helsinki.

Outcomes Measures With the appropriate cases selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, clinical parameters will be reviewed analyzed. in-patient hospitality will be reviewed as primary outcomes. Secondary endpoints include 90 days mortality, 90 days PE related mortality, 90 days PE recurrence, and procedural efficacy outcomes including the change in the right ventricle to left ventricle ratio and mean pulmonary artery pressure. Other safety outcomes or clinical parameters will be also evaluated which include procedural complications, major bleeding events, procedural time, hemoglobin change after procedure, need of blood transfusion and usage of Intravenous fluid in first 72 hours after the procedure.