EarthquakeNCT07047274
Disaster Education Among Student Nurses After the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake
A study testing Education group (DBM/BMP) in people with Earthquake and Nurses Role, run by Bartın Unıversity at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Objective: This study examines the effect of multidimensional disaster training on disaster awareness and disaster intervention self-efficacy of pre-service nurses who experienced the effects of the earthquake centred in Kahramanmaraş. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Earthquake, Nurses Role, Disaster Nursing
- What is being tested?
- Education group (DBM/BMP)
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 108 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Mar 2023to 2 Feb 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being 18 years of age or older,
- Being a first- or second-year student enrolled in the Nursing Department of a university,
- Not having received any prior education related to Public Health or Disaster Management,
- Reading and approving the informed voluntary consent form and agreeing to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Having received prior education or training in public health, disaster preparedness, or disaster management,
- Currently enrolled in or having completed any course related to disasters, Not providing informed consent,
- Being absent during either the intervention or data collection phases.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Multidimensional Disaster Education on Disaster Awareness and Disaster Response Self- Efficacy Among Student Nurses Affected by the Kahramanmaraş-centered Earthquake: a Quasi- Experimental Randomized Controlled Trial
Objective: This study examines the effect of multidimensional disaster training on disaster awareness and disaster intervention self-efficacy of pre-service nurses who experienced the effects of the earthquake centred in Kahramanmaraş. Since there is not enough disaster-related training in nursing curricula, it is thought that such trainings will improve the skills of nurses. The study aims to investigate whether this training increases students' knowledge and intervention competences towards disasters.
Methods: This research is a study with a quasi-experimental design. The study was conducted with 1st and 2nd year students who were studying at a university, Department of Nursing, and had not taken public health and disaster management courses. An intervention group and a control group were formed by applying tests measuring disaster awareness and disaster response self-efficacy to the students. Web-based multidimensional disaster training consisting of 10 sessions was given to the intervention group. After the training, both groups were retested and the changes in disaster awareness and response self-efficacy were evaluated. After that, the data was analyzed with statistical tests.
Read the detailed description
Disasters are events that cause widespread destruction, exceeding a society's capacity to respond without external assistance. These events may arise from natural or human-induced causes and often result in significant social and environmental consequences. Recent years have seen a marked increase in natural disasters globally. For instance, in 2022, 387 natural disasters affected 185 million people worldwide. The earthquakes that struck the Kahramanmaraş region in Turkey in February 2023 caused massive devastation, impacting over 9 million people and resulting in more than 50,000 fatalities.
To reduce disaster-related losses, integrating disaster risk planning into national policies is essential. Disaster management involves four main stages: preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. Among healthcare professionals, nurses have a particularly crucial role at every stage. Their awareness and response capabilities directly influence the effectiveness of disaster interventions. Therefore, strengthening nursing education in disaster preparedness is of growing importance.
Globally, disaster-related content is included in undergraduate and postgraduate nursing education, especially in high-risk areas. However, in Turkey, such content is often limited. Previous studies show that nurses' awareness and competencies in disaster response remain inadequate. While numerous studies assess nursing students' knowledge and awareness, few focus on interventions to improve disaster response self-efficacy.
This study aims to evaluate the effect of a multidimensional disaster training program on nursing students' disaster awareness and self-efficacy.
A quasi-experimental randomized controlled trial was conducted with first- and second-year nursing students who had not received prior education in public health or disaster management. From a pool of 120 eligible students, 108 were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups (54 each), based on stratification by class and gender. The sample size was calculated using G*Power software based on medium effect size assumptions.
Prior to the intervention, all participants completed a personal information form, the Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale (DRSES), and the Disaster Awareness Scale (DAS). As none had high initial scores, both groups were deemed suitable for the study.
The intervention group received a web-based training program consisting of ten one-hour sessions. Each session included interactive components such as Kahoot-based quizzes to enhance engagement. The curriculum was developed with input from 12 experts across various medical and educational fields and aligned with the Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Authority's (AFAD) guidelines. Topics included types of disasters, risk analysis, use of personal protective equipment, triage, first aid, and psychosocial support.
Following the training, both groups retook the same assessments, and post-test data were collected for analysis.
- Conditions
- Earthquake, Nurses Role, Disaster Nursing
- Being tested
- Education group (DBM/BMP)
- Keywords
- Disaster awareness, Disaster education, Disaster response, Earthquake, Nurse candidates, Self-efficacy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Education group (DBM/BMP)Behavioural
A structured web-based training program, consisting of ten one-hour sessions, was delivered to students in the intervention group. To foster active engagement and reinforce learning outcomes, each session incorporated interactive, game-based activities through the Kahoot platform. The content of the training was developed in collaboration with a panel of 12 subject-matter experts, including specialists in emergency care, public health, internal medicine, surgery, and education. Additionally, the structure and thematic scope of the program were aligned with the emergency action guidelines of AFAD, Türkiye's official disaster management authority. The curriculum encompassed a comprehensive range of topics, including the classification of disasters, disaster awareness, risk assessment, use of personal protective equipment, triage procedures, post-disaster management, basic first aid practices, and the psychosocial dimensions of disaster response.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Education Group | Experimental | A web-based training program consisting of ten sessions, each lasting one hour, was implemented for the students in the intervention group. To enhance participation and reinforce learning, game-based activities related to the session topics were conducted via an online platform (Kahoot) during each session. The training content was developed based on the expert opinions of 12 professionals specializing in emergency care, public health, internal medicine, surgery, and education. Additionally, the program was structured in alignment with the emergency action plans of AFAD, the official disaster management authority in Türkiye. The training covered key topics including types and classifications of disasters, disaster awareness, risk analysis, personal protective equipment, triage, post-disaster processes, basic first aid, and the social dimensions of disasters. Receives: Behavioral: Education group (DBM/BMP) |
| Control Group | No intervention | Since there were no participants with high levels of self-efficacy and awareness in the pre-test results, 54 students were randomly assigned to the control group according to gender and grade level. After the training in the intervention group was completed, the same assessment tools were re-applied to both groups and post-test data were collected. After the data were collected, the materials used in the training were shared with the control group. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Disaster Awareness Scale (DAS)
Developed by Kırıkkaya and Gerdan, is a five-point Likert-type measurement tool consisting of a total of 23 items: strongly agree 5, agree 4, undecided 3, disagree 2, strongly disagree 1. The scale, which has a 5-factor structure as disaster knowledge, pre-disaster, during disaster, post-disaster and awareness of non-structural risks, has a total variance explanation level of 57%. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as α=.86.
Measured: From baseline to the end of treatment at 10 days
Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale (DRSES)
It was developed by Hong-Yan Li. The validity and reliability studies of the Turkish form of the scale were conducted by Koca and colleagues. It consisted of 19 items and 3 sub-dimensions, and the answers were taken with a 5-point Likert scale (1=Not confident at all, 2=basically not confident, 3=Somewhat confident, 4=Basically confident, 5=Fully confident). A high score indicates a high level of disaster response self-efficacy. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole scale was determined as 0.96. Cronbach alpha values for the three dimensions were determined as on-site rescue competence=0.93, psychological nursing competence in disaster=0.93 and the quality of the role undertaken in disaster and adaptation competence =0.93.
Measured: From baseline to the end of treatment 10 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Jul 2025
- Study start15 Mar 2023
- Primary completion15 Sep 2023
- Study completion2 Feb 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for EarthquakeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- 54 students were assigned to the intervention group and 54 students to the control group using the randomization method according to grade and gender strata, and the study was completed with a total of 108 students.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 108 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Bartın Unıversity
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hanifi DÜLGER, Bartın Unıversity
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07047274
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- E-23688910-050.01.04-230003832
- Status last verified
- Jun 2025
- First submitted
- 24 Jun 2025
- Last updated
- 11 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: The surveys and indices used in the study can be shared by researchers.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Multidimensional Disaster Education on Disaster Awareness and Disaster Response Self- Efficacy Among Student Nurses Affected by the Kahramanmaraş-centered Earthquake: a Quasi- Experimental Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07047274
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- E-23688910-050.01.04-230003832
- Conditions
- Earthquake, Nurses Role, Disaster Nursing
- Keywords
- Disaster awareness, Disaster education, Disaster response, Earthquake, Nurse candidates, Self-efficacy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 108 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Bartın UnıversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Mar 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 2 Feb 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Objective: This study examines the effect of multidimensional disaster training on disaster awareness and disaster intervention self-efficacy of pre-service nurses who experienced the effects of the earthquake centred in Kahramanmaraş. Since there is not enough disaster-related training in nursing curricula, it is thought that such trainings will improve the skills of nurses. The study aims to investigate whether this training increases students' knowledge and intervention competences towards disasters.
Methods: This research is a study with a quasi-experimental design. The study was conducted with 1st and 2nd year students who were studying at a university, Department of Nursing, and had not taken public health and disaster management courses. An intervention group and a control group were formed by applying tests measuring disaster awareness and disaster response self-efficacy to the students. Web-based multidimensional disaster training consisting of 10 sessions was given to the intervention group. After the training, both groups were retested and the changes in disaster awareness and response self-efficacy were evaluated. After that, the data was analyzed with statistical tests.
Detailed description
Disasters are events that cause widespread destruction, exceeding a society's capacity to respond without external assistance. These events may arise from natural or human-induced causes and often result in significant social and environmental consequences. Recent years have seen a marked increase in natural disasters globally. For instance, in 2022, 387 natural disasters affected 185 million people worldwide. The earthquakes that struck the Kahramanmaraş region in Turkey in February 2023 caused massive devastation, impacting over 9 million people and resulting in more than 50,000 fatalities.
To reduce disaster-related losses, integrating disaster risk planning into national policies is essential. Disaster management involves four main stages: preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. Among healthcare professionals, nurses have a particularly crucial role at every stage. Their awareness and response capabilities directly influence the effectiveness of disaster interventions. Therefore, strengthening nursing education in disaster preparedness is of growing importance.
Globally, disaster-related content is included in undergraduate and postgraduate nursing education, especially in high-risk areas. However, in Turkey, such content is often limited. Previous studies show that nurses' awareness and competencies in disaster response remain inadequate. While numerous studies assess nursing students' knowledge and awareness, few focus on interventions to improve disaster response self-efficacy.
This study aims to evaluate the effect of a multidimensional disaster training program on nursing students' disaster awareness and self-efficacy.
A quasi-experimental randomized controlled trial was conducted with first- and second-year nursing students who had not received prior education in public health or disaster management. From a pool of 120 eligible students, 108 were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups (54 each), based on stratification by class and gender. The sample size was calculated using G*Power software based on medium effect size assumptions.
Prior to the intervention, all participants completed a personal information form, the Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale (DRSES), and the Disaster Awareness Scale (DAS). As none had high initial scores, both groups were deemed suitable for the study.
The intervention group received a web-based training program consisting of ten one-hour sessions. Each session included interactive components such as Kahoot-based quizzes to enhance engagement. The curriculum was developed with input from 12 experts across various medical and educational fields and aligned with the Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Authority's (AFAD) guidelines. Topics included types of disasters, risk analysis, use of personal protective equipment, triage, first aid, and psychosocial support.
Following the training, both groups retook the same assessments, and post-test data were collected for analysis.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- 54 students were assigned to the intervention group and 54 students to the control group using the randomization method according to grade and gender strata, and the study was completed with a total of 108 students.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Education Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Education group (DBM/BMP)A web-based training program consisting of ten sessions, each lasting one hour, was implemented for the students in the intervention group. To enhance participation and reinforce learning, game-based activities related to the session topics were conducted via an online platform (Kahoot) during each session. The training content was developed based on the expert opinions of 12 professionals specializing in emergency care, public health, internal medicine, surgery, and education. Additionally, the program was structured in alignment with the emergency action plans of AFAD, the official disaster management authority in Türkiye. The training covered key topics including types and classifications of disasters, disaster awareness, risk analysis, personal protective equipment, triage, post-disaster processes, basic first aid, and the social dimensions of disasters. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Since there were no participants with high levels of self-efficacy and awareness in the pre-test results, 54 students were randomly assigned to the control group according to gender and grade level. After the training in the intervention group was completed, the same assessment tools were re-applied to both groups and post-test data were collected. After the data were collected, the materials used in the training were shared with the control group. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Being 18 years of age or older,
- Being a first- or second-year student enrolled in the Nursing Department of a university,
- Not having received any prior education related to Public Health or Disaster Management,
- Reading and approving the informed voluntary consent form and agreeing to participate in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Having received prior education or training in public health, disaster preparedness, or disaster management,
- Currently enrolled in or having completed any course related to disasters, Not providing informed consent,
- Being absent during either the intervention or data collection phases.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Education group (DBM/BMP)A structured web-based training program, consisting of ten one-hour sessions, was delivered to students in the intervention group. To foster active engagement and reinforce learning outcomes, each session incorporated interactive, game-based activities through the Kahoot platform. The content of the training was developed in collaboration with a panel of 12 subject-matter experts, including specialists in emergency care, public health, internal medicine, surgery, and education. Additionally, the structure and thematic scope of the program were aligned with the emergency action guidelines of AFAD, Türkiye's official disaster management authority. The curriculum encompassed a comprehensive range of topics, including the classification of disasters, disaster awareness, risk assessment, use of personal protective equipment, triage procedures, post-disaster management, basic first aid practices, and the psychosocial dimensions of disaster response. | Behavioural | Education Group |
Primary outcome
Disaster Awareness Scale (DAS)
Time frame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 10 days
Developed by Kırıkkaya and Gerdan, is a five-point Likert-type measurement tool consisting of a total of 23 items: strongly agree 5, agree 4, undecided 3, disagree 2, strongly disagree 1. The scale, which has a 5-factor structure as disaster knowledge, pre-disaster, during disaster, post-disaster and awareness of non-structural risks, has a total variance explanation level of 57%. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as α=.86.
Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale (DRSES)
Time frame: From baseline to the end of treatment 10 days
It was developed by Hong-Yan Li. The validity and reliability studies of the Turkish form of the scale were conducted by Koca and colleagues. It consisted of 19 items and 3 sub-dimensions, and the answers were taken with a 5-point Likert scale (1=Not confident at all, 2=basically not confident, 3=Somewhat confident, 4=Basically confident, 5=Fully confident). A high score indicates a high level of disaster response self-efficacy. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole scale was determined as 0.96. Cronbach alpha values for the three dimensions were determined as on-site rescue competence=0.93, psychological nursing competence in disaster=0.93 and the quality of the role undertaken in disaster and adaptation competence =0.93.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Jul 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. The surveys and indices used in the study can be shared by researchers.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Education group (DBM/BMP) in people with Earthquake and Nurses Role, run by Bartın Unıversity at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Disaster Awareness Scale (DAS) (time frame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 10 days). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Jul 2025.