ACL InjuriesNCT07047833
Plyometric Training With or Without Hamstring Strengthening for Preventing ACL Injuries in Female Amateur Athletes
A study testing Plyometric Training with Hamstring Strengthening and Plyometric Training Only in people with ACL Injuries, run by University of Lahore at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial explored the effect of plyometric training with or without hamstring strengthening in preventing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among female amateur athletes aged 18 to 30. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- ACL Injuries
- What is being tested?
- Plyometric Training with Hamstring Strengthening and Plyometric Training Only
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 21 May 2024to 25 Mar 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Female amateur athletes between the ages of 18-30 years old.
- Participating in sports that involve jumping, cutting and pivoting movements (e.g. basketball, soccer).
- On average, athletes exercised between six and eight times per week including competition.
- Able to perform basic jumping and landing mechanics safely.
Who cannot join
- Recreational athlete or untrained individual
- Athletes with less than five training sessions per week.
- Athletes who were operated with techniques other than the bone patellar-tendon, bone graft (BPTB), or who were operated by different surgeons and rehabilitated by several physical therapist.
- Athletes with a history of muscle or joint injuries.
- Athletes who had already followed a pre-operative rehabilitation program.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
This randomized controlled trial explored the effect of plyometric training with or without hamstring strengthening in preventing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among female amateur athletes aged 18 to 30. Sixty participants were divided equally into two groups: one received plyometric training combined with hamstring strengthening, and the other received plyometric training only. Both groups trained twice per week over a six-week period. Outcomes measured included knee strength (flexion and extension), dynamic balance (Star Excursion Test), and functional mobility (KOOS).
Read the detailed description
This study examined whether combining hamstring strengthening with plyometric training provides greater benefits in preventing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than plyometric training alone among female amateur athletes. Conducted as a randomized controlled trial, the research involved 60 participants aged 18 to 30, randomly assigned to two equal groups. Group A underwent a six-week intervention involving both plyometric and hamstring strengthening exercises, while Group B participated in plyometric training only. Each group trained twice weekly, and the outcomes were measured at baseline, Week 3, and Week 6 using a handheld dynamometer for knee strength (flexion and extension), the Star Excursion Balance Test (SET) for dynamic balance, and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for functional mobility.
- Conditions
- ACL Injuries
- Being tested
- Plyometric Training with Hamstring Strengthening, Plyometric Training Only
- Keywords
- ACL injury prevention, Plyometric training, Hamstring strengthening, Female athletes, Functional mobility, Dynamic balance
- Medical subject headings
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Plyometric Training with Hamstring StrengtheningBehavioural
This intervention consisted of a six-week training protocol involving both plyometric exercises and targeted hamstring strengthening. Sessions were conducted twice per week, lasting 60 minutes each. Plyometric drills included squat jumps, depth jumps, and lateral jumps, while hamstring exercises included Nordic hamstring curls and machine-based leg curls. All sessions included a standardized 15-minute warm-up and a 5-minute cool-down. The program was designed to enhance lower limb strength, balance, and neuromuscular control for ACL injury prevention in female amateur athletes.
Plyometric Training OnlyBehavioural
This intervention involved a six-week plyometric-only training program delivered twice weekly for 40-minute sessions. Exercises included squat jumps, depth jumps, and lateral jumps, performed with progressive intensity and control. Each session included a standardized 15-minute warm-up and a 5-minute cool-down. The program aimed to improve lower limb power, balance, and functional mobility to reduce the risk of ACL injuries in female amateur athletes.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Plyometric Training with Hamstring Strengthening | Experimental | Participants in this group received a six-week intervention consisting of plyometric training combined with targeted hamstring strengthening exercises. Each session was 60 minutes long and conducted twice per week. Plyometric drills included squat jumps, depth jumps, and lateral jumps. Hamstring strengthening included Nordic curls and machine-based leg curls. All participants completed standardized warm-up and cool-down routines. The goal was to assess the additive effect of hamstring strengthening on ACL injury prevention metrics such as strength, balance, and functional mobility. Receives: Behavioral: Plyometric Training with Hamstring Strengthening |
| Plyometric Training Only | Experimental | This group received plyometric training only over a six-week period, with sessions lasting 40 minutes and conducted twice weekly. Exercises included squat jumps, depth jumps, and lateral jumps, performed with progressive intensity. Participants underwent a standardized warm-up and cool-down in each session. The purpose of this arm was to evaluate the effectiveness of plyometric training alone in improving strength, balance, and functional mobility for ACL injury prevention. Receives: Behavioral: Plyometric Training Only |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Knee Flexion and Extension Strength (Measured Using Handheld Dynamometer)
Lower limb strength was assessed through a handheld dynamometer measuring knee flexion and extension in kilograms. This tool has high reliability for assessing muscle strength and functional performance in athletic populations. Measurements were taken at baseline, Week 3, and Week 6 to evaluate changes over time due to the training interventions.
Measured: Baseline, Week 3, and Week 6
Secondary outcomes (2)
Dynamic Balance (Assessed Using Star Excursion Balance Test - SEBT)
The SEBT evaluates dynamic postural control and balance by measuring reach distance in multiple directions while maintaining single-leg stance. It is a validated predictor of lower extremity injury risk and is used to track neuromuscular improvements in response to training. Performance was recorded at three intervals during the study.
Measured: Baseline, Week 3, and Week 6
Functional Mobility (Assessed Using KOOS - Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score)
The KOOS is a patient-reported outcome tool consisting of 5 subscales: Pain, Symptoms, ADL, Sport/Rec, and Quality of Life. It assesses functional limitations and knee-related quality of life. Scores range from 0 (severe problems) to 100 (no problems). It was used to monitor improvements in knee function due to training.
Measured: Baseline, Week 3, and Week 6
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Jul 2025
- Study start21 May 2024
- Primary completion30 Jan 2025
- Study completion25 Mar 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ACL InjuriesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Lahore
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Fareeha Raja, University of Lahore
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07047833
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Rec-UOL-/287/08/24
- Status last verified
- Jun 2025
- First submitted
- 4 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 2 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Kasmi S, Zouhal H, Hammami R, Clark CCT, Hackney AC, Hammami A, Chtara M, Chortane SG, Salah FZB, Granacher U, Ounis OB. The Effects of Eccentric and Plyometric Training Programs and Their Combination on Stability and the Functional Performance in the Post-ACL-Surgical Rehabilitation Period of Elite Female Athletes. Front Physiol. 2021 Jul 2;12:688385. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.688385. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 34276409
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Plyometric Training With or Without Hamstring Strengthening for Preventing ACL Injuries in Female Amateur Athletes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07047833
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Rec-UOL-/287/08/24
- Conditions
- ACL Injuries
- Keywords
- ACL injury prevention, Plyometric training, Hamstring strengthening, Female athletes, Functional mobility, Dynamic balance
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of LahoreUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 21 May 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 25 Mar 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial explored the effect of plyometric training with or without hamstring strengthening in preventing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among female amateur athletes aged 18 to 30. Sixty participants were divided equally into two groups: one received plyometric training combined with hamstring strengthening, and the other received plyometric training only. Both groups trained twice per week over a six-week period. Outcomes measured included knee strength (flexion and extension), dynamic balance (Star Excursion Test), and functional mobility (KOOS).
Detailed description
This study examined whether combining hamstring strengthening with plyometric training provides greater benefits in preventing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than plyometric training alone among female amateur athletes. Conducted as a randomized controlled trial, the research involved 60 participants aged 18 to 30, randomly assigned to two equal groups. Group A underwent a six-week intervention involving both plyometric and hamstring strengthening exercises, while Group B participated in plyometric training only. Each group trained twice weekly, and the outcomes were measured at baseline, Week 3, and Week 6 using a handheld dynamometer for knee strength (flexion and extension), the Star Excursion Balance Test (SET) for dynamic balance, and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for functional mobility.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Plyometric Training with Hamstring Strengthening | Experimental | Behavioral: Plyometric Training with Hamstring StrengtheningParticipants in this group received a six-week intervention consisting of plyometric training combined with targeted hamstring strengthening exercises. Each session was 60 minutes long and conducted twice per week. Plyometric drills included squat jumps, depth jumps, and lateral jumps. Hamstring strengthening included Nordic curls and machine-based leg curls. All participants completed standardized warm-up and cool-down routines. The goal was to assess the additive effect of hamstring strengthening on ACL injury prevention metrics such as strength, balance, and functional mobility. |
| Plyometric Training Only | Experimental | Behavioral: Plyometric Training OnlyThis group received plyometric training only over a six-week period, with sessions lasting 40 minutes and conducted twice weekly. Exercises included squat jumps, depth jumps, and lateral jumps, performed with progressive intensity. Participants underwent a standardized warm-up and cool-down in each session. The purpose of this arm was to evaluate the effectiveness of plyometric training alone in improving strength, balance, and functional mobility for ACL injury prevention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Female amateur athletes between the ages of 18-30 years old.
- Participating in sports that involve jumping, cutting and pivoting movements (e.g. basketball, soccer).
- On average, athletes exercised between six and eight times per week including competition.
- Able to perform basic jumping and landing mechanics safely.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Recreational athlete or untrained individual
- Athletes with less than five training sessions per week.
- Athletes who were operated with techniques other than the bone patellar-tendon, bone graft (BPTB), or who were operated by different surgeons and rehabilitated by several physical therapist.
- Athletes with a history of muscle or joint injuries.
- Athletes who had already followed a pre-operative rehabilitation program.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Plyometric Training with Hamstring StrengtheningThis intervention consisted of a six-week training protocol involving both plyometric exercises and targeted hamstring strengthening. Sessions were conducted twice per week, lasting 60 minutes each. Plyometric drills included squat jumps, depth jumps, and lateral jumps, while hamstring exercises included Nordic hamstring curls and machine-based leg curls. All sessions included a standardized 15-minute warm-up and a 5-minute cool-down. The program was designed to enhance lower limb strength, balance, and neuromuscular control for ACL injury prevention in female amateur athletes. | Behavioural | Plyometric Training with Hamstring Strengthening |
| Plyometric Training OnlyThis intervention involved a six-week plyometric-only training program delivered twice weekly for 40-minute sessions. Exercises included squat jumps, depth jumps, and lateral jumps, performed with progressive intensity and control. Each session included a standardized 15-minute warm-up and a 5-minute cool-down. The program aimed to improve lower limb power, balance, and functional mobility to reduce the risk of ACL injuries in female amateur athletes. | Behavioural | Plyometric Training Only |
Primary outcome
Knee Flexion and Extension Strength (Measured Using Handheld Dynamometer)
Time frame: Baseline, Week 3, and Week 6
Lower limb strength was assessed through a handheld dynamometer measuring knee flexion and extension in kilograms. This tool has high reliability for assessing muscle strength and functional performance in athletic populations. Measurements were taken at baseline, Week 3, and Week 6 to evaluate changes over time due to the training interventions.
2 secondary outcomes
Dynamic Balance (Assessed Using Star Excursion Balance Test - SEBT)
Time frame: Baseline, Week 3, and Week 6
Functional Mobility (Assessed Using KOOS - Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score)
Time frame: Baseline, Week 3, and Week 6
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Jul 2025.
- Background: PubMed 34276409Kasmi S, Zouhal H, Hammami R, Clark CCT, Hackney AC, Hammami A, Chtara M, Chortane SG, Salah FZB, Granacher U, Ounis OB. The Effects of Eccentric and Plyometric Training Programs and Their Combination on Stability and the Functional Performance in the Post-ACL-Surgical Rehabilitation Period of Elite Female Athletes. Front Physiol. 2021 Jul 2;12:688385. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.688385. eCollection 2021.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Plyometric Training with Hamstring Strengthening and Plyometric Training Only in people with ACL Injuries, run by University of Lahore at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Knee Flexion and Extension Strength (Measured Using Handheld Dynamometer) (time frame: Baseline, Week 3, and Week 6). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07047833, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jul 2025.