Nursing Education ResearchNCT07071285
Applying Interactive E-books on Breastfeeding to Enhance Nursing Students' Learning
A study testing E-Book and face-to-face teaching in people with Nursing Education Research and Nursing Students, run by China Medical University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
This study aims to explore the impact of interactive breastfeeding e-books on nursing students' breastfeeding learning outcomes. The subjects are third-year nursing students from a university in central Taiwan. A randomized controlled design will be adopted. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nursing Education Research, Nursing Students, Breastfeeding Education
- What is being tested?
- E-Book and face-to-face teaching
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 19 Sep 2025to 31 Jul 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- It is expected to include 100 people.
- Age 20 to 30 years old.
- A third-year nursing student.
- Studying obstetrics and gynecology nursing this semester.
- Agree to participate in this study and sign the research consent form.
Who cannot join
- 1 .Students who are planning to take a leave of absence at the time of data collection.
- 2.Students who have not taken obstetrics and gynecology nursing this semester or have taken it in the past.
- 3.Students who are unable to use 3C products.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Applying Interactive E-books on Breastfeeding to Enhance Nursing Students' Learning Motivation and Effectiveness in Breastfeeding Education
This study aims to explore the impact of interactive breastfeeding e-books on nursing students' breastfeeding learning outcomes. The subjects are third-year nursing students from a university in central Taiwan. A randomized controlled design will be adopted. The experimental group will use interactive breastfeeding e-books for learning, while the control group will use traditional face-to-face courses to evaluate the changes in students' breastfeeding knowledge, skills, and learning motivation. The expected results can provide a reference for innovative teaching models in nursing education and promote the future clinical promotion of breastfeeding.
Read the detailed description
Breastfeeding is widely considered to be the best source of nutrition for infants, helping to reduce infant morbidity and mortality, reduce the risk of infection and chronic diseases, and promote intellectual development. However, in current nursing education, how to effectively improve students' knowledge and skills of breastfeeding has yet to be developed. Common traditional face-to-face courses are limited by time and venue, which requires students to re-adapt and learn when entering the clinical internship stage, affecting learning efficiency and clinical application. In addition, male students may find it challenging to learn breastfeeding due to gender factors.
With the rapid development of information technology, e-books and multimedia interactive teaching materials have been proven to improve learning motivation and effectiveness, promote individualized learning experience, and enhance problem solving and creative thinking. Through animation, sound effects, pictures, and game quizzes, it can effectively help students master professional knowledge and overcome the limitations of traditional teaching.
This study adopts a randomized controlled experimental design and is expected to recruit 100 third-year nursing students from a university in central Taiwan, divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group studied with an interactive breastfeeding e-book, and the control group took a traditional face-to-face course. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, and changes in breastfeeding knowledge, skill acquisition, and learning motivation were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The expected results showed that the interactive e-book not only significantly improved students' learning outcomes, but also helped overcome gender restrictions, enhance learning motivation, promote future clinical promotion of breastfeeding, and serve as an important reference for innovative nursing education models.
- Being tested
- E-Book, face-to-face teaching
- Keywords
- e-book, nursing education, learning motivation, Breastfeeding Education, Nursing Students
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
E-BookBehavioural
Breastfeeding eBook learning mode.
face-to-face teachingBehavioural
face-to-face teaching of breastfeeding
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| E-book | Experimental | Breastfeeding eBook learning mode. Receives: Behavioral: E-Book |
| face-to-face teaching | Active comparator | face-to-face teaching of breastfeeding Receives: Behavioral: face-to-face teaching |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire
This questionnaire consists of 10 multiple-choice questions. Each correct answer is scored 10 points, and each incorrect answer is scored 0 points, yielding a total score range of 0-100. The questions were self-developed in the form of clinical scenario-based multiple-choice items, focusing on the benefits of breastfeeding, breastfeeding positions, breast milk storage methods, breast milk expression (hand expression), and nursing interventions to maintain milk supply.
Measured: The experimental group and the control group will Baseline (prior to intervention), immediately after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention
Breastfeeding Skills Assessment Scale
Breastfeeding skills were assessed using a "Breastfeeding Skills Assessment Scale," which includes 20 steps such as hand hygiene before procedures, self-introduction, patient identification, ensuring privacy, explaining the purpose and process, breastfeeding positions, and hand expression techniques. Each step is scored as follows: completely correct = 5 points, partially correct = 3 points, and incorrect = 0 points. The total score ranges from 0-100, with higher scores indicating better application of breastfeeding skills.
Measured: The experimental group and the control group will Baseline (prior to intervention), immediately after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale
Breastfeeding self-efficacy was evaluated using a 10-item Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale, where 1 = not at all capable and 4 = expert level. The total score ranges from 10 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy in performing breastfeeding skills.
Measured: The experimental group and the control group will Baseline (prior to intervention), immediately after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention
ARCS-Based Learning Motivation Scale
The scale assesses learners' motivation toward the educational materials across four dimensions: Attention (12 items), Relevance (9 items), Confidence (9 items), and Satisfaction (6 items), for a total of 36 items. Responses are rated on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 5 ("Strongly Agree") to 1 ("Strongly Disagree"). The total score ranges from 36 to 180 points, with higher scores indicating stronger learning motivation.
Measured: The experimental group and the control group will Baseline (prior to intervention), immediately after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention
Critical Thinking Disposition Scale
This scale consists of 20 items and adopts a 6-point Likert scoring method: 1 (Never), 2 (Almost Never), 3 (Rarely), 4 (Sometimes), 5 (Often), and 6 (Always). It measures critical thinking disposition, which refers to an individual's tendency to engage in systematic analysis, maintain an open-minded attitude with empathy, and possess a wise curiosity for questioning, integration, and reflection, all of which facilitate critical thinking processes.
Measured: The experimental group and the control group will Baseline (prior to intervention), immediately after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Jul 2025
- Study start19 Sep 2025
- Primary completion30 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Jul 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Nursing Education ResearchStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The study design will adopt a randomized controlled trial with repeated measures. A 60-minute intervention has been developed.Block randomization stratified by gender will be used, and eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group in a 1:1 ratio using Random Allocation Software.Research assistants will code group assignments ("Group 1" and "Group 2") according to the randomization list, place the assignments into opaque sealed envelopes, and arrange them sequentially.On the day of the study, envelopes will be distributed in the order participants submit their consent forms. Participants will open the envelope themselves to learn their group assignment.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- China Medical University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ting-Shan Chang, China Medical University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07071285
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CMUH114-REC3-125
- Status last verified
- Oct 2025
- First submitted
- 8 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 6 Oct 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Oct 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Applying Interactive E-books on Breastfeeding to Enhance Nursing Students' Learning Motivation and Effectiveness in Breastfeeding Education
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07071285
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CMUH114-REC3-125
- Keywords
- e-book, nursing education, learning motivation, Breastfeeding Education, Nursing Students
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- China Medical University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 19 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 17 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to explore the impact of interactive breastfeeding e-books on nursing students' breastfeeding learning outcomes. The subjects are third-year nursing students from a university in central Taiwan. A randomized controlled design will be adopted. The experimental group will use interactive breastfeeding e-books for learning, while the control group will use traditional face-to-face courses to evaluate the changes in students' breastfeeding knowledge, skills, and learning motivation. The expected results can provide a reference for innovative teaching models in nursing education and promote the future clinical promotion of breastfeeding.
Detailed description
Breastfeeding is widely considered to be the best source of nutrition for infants, helping to reduce infant morbidity and mortality, reduce the risk of infection and chronic diseases, and promote intellectual development. However, in current nursing education, how to effectively improve students' knowledge and skills of breastfeeding has yet to be developed. Common traditional face-to-face courses are limited by time and venue, which requires students to re-adapt and learn when entering the clinical internship stage, affecting learning efficiency and clinical application. In addition, male students may find it challenging to learn breastfeeding due to gender factors.
With the rapid development of information technology, e-books and multimedia interactive teaching materials have been proven to improve learning motivation and effectiveness, promote individualized learning experience, and enhance problem solving and creative thinking. Through animation, sound effects, pictures, and game quizzes, it can effectively help students master professional knowledge and overcome the limitations of traditional teaching.
This study adopts a randomized controlled experimental design and is expected to recruit 100 third-year nursing students from a university in central Taiwan, divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group studied with an interactive breastfeeding e-book, and the control group took a traditional face-to-face course. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, and changes in breastfeeding knowledge, skill acquisition, and learning motivation were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The expected results showed that the interactive e-book not only significantly improved students' learning outcomes, but also helped overcome gender restrictions, enhance learning motivation, promote future clinical promotion of breastfeeding, and serve as an important reference for innovative nursing education models.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The study design will adopt a randomized controlled trial with repeated measures. A 60-minute intervention has been developed.Block randomization stratified by gender will be used, and eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group in a 1:1 ratio using Random Allocation Software.Research assistants will code group assignments ("Group 1" and "Group 2") according to the randomization list, place the assignments into opaque sealed envelopes, and arrange them sequentially.On the day of the study, envelopes will be distributed in the order participants submit their consent forms. Participants will open the envelope themselves to learn their group assignment.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| E-book | Experimental | Behavioral: E-BookBreastfeeding eBook learning mode. |
| face-to-face teaching | Active comparator | Behavioral: face-to-face teachingface-to-face teaching of breastfeeding |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- It is expected to include 100 people.
- Age 20 to 30 years old.
- A third-year nursing student.
- Studying obstetrics and gynecology nursing this semester.
- Agree to participate in this study and sign the research consent form.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- 1 .Students who are planning to take a leave of absence at the time of data collection.
- 2.Students who have not taken obstetrics and gynecology nursing this semester or have taken it in the past.
- 3.Students who are unable to use 3C products.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| E-BookBreastfeeding eBook learning mode. | Behavioural | E-book |
| face-to-face teachingface-to-face teaching of breastfeeding | Behavioural | face-to-face teaching |
Primary outcome
Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire
Time frame: The experimental group and the control group will Baseline (prior to intervention), immediately after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention
This questionnaire consists of 10 multiple-choice questions. Each correct answer is scored 10 points, and each incorrect answer is scored 0 points, yielding a total score range of 0-100. The questions were self-developed in the form of clinical scenario-based multiple-choice items, focusing on the benefits of breastfeeding, breastfeeding positions, breast milk storage methods, breast milk expression (hand expression), and nursing interventions to maintain milk supply.
Breastfeeding Skills Assessment Scale
Time frame: The experimental group and the control group will Baseline (prior to intervention), immediately after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention
Breastfeeding skills were assessed using a "Breastfeeding Skills Assessment Scale," which includes 20 steps such as hand hygiene before procedures, self-introduction, patient identification, ensuring privacy, explaining the purpose and process, breastfeeding positions, and hand expression techniques. Each step is scored as follows: completely correct = 5 points, partially correct = 3 points, and incorrect = 0 points. The total score ranges from 0-100, with higher scores indicating better application of breastfeeding skills.
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale
Time frame: The experimental group and the control group will Baseline (prior to intervention), immediately after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention
Breastfeeding self-efficacy was evaluated using a 10-item Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale, where 1 = not at all capable and 4 = expert level. The total score ranges from 10 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy in performing breastfeeding skills.
ARCS-Based Learning Motivation Scale
Time frame: The experimental group and the control group will Baseline (prior to intervention), immediately after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention
The scale assesses learners' motivation toward the educational materials across four dimensions: Attention (12 items), Relevance (9 items), Confidence (9 items), and Satisfaction (6 items), for a total of 36 items. Responses are rated on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 5 ("Strongly Agree") to 1 ("Strongly Disagree"). The total score ranges from 36 to 180 points, with higher scores indicating stronger learning motivation.
Critical Thinking Disposition Scale
Time frame: The experimental group and the control group will Baseline (prior to intervention), immediately after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention
This scale consists of 20 items and adopts a 6-point Likert scoring method: 1 (Never), 2 (Almost Never), 3 (Rarely), 4 (Sometimes), 5 (Often), and 6 (Always). It measures critical thinking disposition, which refers to an individual's tendency to engage in systematic analysis, maintain an open-minded attitude with empathy, and possess a wise curiosity for questioning, integration, and reflection, all of which facilitate critical thinking processes.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Oct 2025.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing E-Book and face-to-face teaching in people with Nursing Education Research and Nursing Students, run by China Medical University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Oct 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire (time frame: The experimental group and the control group will Baseline (prior to intervention), immediately after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Oct 2025.