AgingART-WalkNCT07074613
Augmented Reality Treadmill Walking for Cognitive and Physical Health in Older Adults
A study testing Traditional Treadmill Walking and JOHNSON 8.1T treadmill with Passport AR system in people with Aging and Cognitive Decline, run by National Taiwan College of Performing Arts at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
This study evaluated the feasibility and health effects of using augmented reality (AR) treadmill walking in older adults. Sixty community-dwelling adults aged 65 to 80 years were randomly assigned to either an AR treadmill group or a traditional treadmill group. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 65 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Aging, Cognitive Decline, Sarcopenia
- What is being tested?
- Traditional Treadmill Walking and JOHNSON 8.1T treadmill with Passport AR system
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 6 Dec 2024to 5 Jan 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 65 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Community-dwelling adults aged 65 to 80 years
- Able to walk independently without assistive devices
- Cognitively intact and able to follow instructions
- No prior use of augmented reality (AR) exercise programs within the past 3 months
- Willing to participate in the study and provide informed consent
Who cannot join
- Diagnosed with chronic conditions that impair mobility (e.g., cardiovascular disease, severe arthritis)
- Severe visual or auditory impairments that affect interaction with AR equipment
- Neurological or psychiatric disorders that may interfere with participation
- Known susceptibility to motion sickness or discomfort with virtual environments (AR-induced discomfort)
- Inability to complete the 12-week training protocol or attend scheduled assessments
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Taiwan1 site
Fitness Center, National Taiwan College of Performing Arts
Taipei, No. 177, Section 2, Neihu Rd., 244
About this study
Official title: The Effects of Augmented Reality Treadmill Walking on Cognitive Function, Body Composition, Physiological Responses, and Acceptability in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This study evaluated the feasibility and health effects of using augmented reality (AR) treadmill walking in older adults. Sixty community-dwelling adults aged 65 to 80 years were randomly assigned to either an AR treadmill group or a traditional treadmill group. Both groups participated in supervised walking sessions three times per week for twelve weeks. The study examined changes in mobility, balance, body composition, physiological responses, and participants' perceptions of the AR technology.
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of augmented reality (AR) treadmill walking on mobility-related motor function, body composition, physiological responses, and technology acceptance among older adults. A total of 60 community-dwelling adults aged 65 to 80 years were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (AR treadmill walking) or a control group (traditional treadmill walking).
Participants in both groups engaged in supervised walking sessions three times per week for twelve weeks. Each session lasted 60 minutes, including a 10-minute warm-up, 40-minute treadmill walking, and a 10-minute cool-down. The AR treadmill (JOHNSON 8.1T) provided immersive visual environments and real-time feedback on physiological data. The control group used a standard treadmill (CHANSON CS-6630) without AR features.
Primary outcome measures included stride length, gait speed, and balance. Secondary outcomes included skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, body fat percentage, heart rate, calorie expenditure, walking distance, and technology acceptance assessed by a validated questionnaire.
Statistical analysis included repeated-measures ANOVA, independent t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis to examine group differences and associations between physiological responses and technology acceptance.
- Conditions
- Aging, Cognitive Decline, Sarcopenia, Mobility Limitation, Balance Impairment
- Being tested
- Traditional Treadmill Walking, JOHNSON 8.1T treadmill with Passport AR system
- Keywords
- Augmented Reality, Treadmill Walking, Older Adults, Cognitive Function, Body Composition, Balance Training, Sarcopenia Intervention, Technology Acceptance, Physical Activity, Gait Rehabilitation
- Medical subject headings
- Cognitive Dysfunction, Sarcopenia, Mobility Limitation, Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Traditional Treadmill WalkingDevice
Also called CHANSON CS-6630 treadmill
Participants walked on a traditional treadmill with standard time, speed, and distance tracking, no AR features.
JOHNSON 8.1T treadmill with Passport AR systemDevice
Participants walked on an AR-integrated treadmill with immersive virtual environments and real-time feedback.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental: Augmented Reality Treadmill Walking | Experimental | Participants in this group performed treadmill walking using the JOHNSON 8.1T treadmill with Passport AR system. The device provided immersive visual environments (e.g., forest trails, hills) and real-time feedback on heart rate, speed, and distance.
Each participant completed supervised walking sessions 3 times per week for 12 weeks, with each session lasting 60 minutes (10-minute warm-up, 40-minute walking, 10-minute cool-down). Receives: Device: JOHNSON 8.1T treadmill with Passport AR system |
| Active Comparator: Traditional Treadmill Walking | Active comparator | Participants in this group performed treadmill walking using the CHANSON CS-6630 treadmill, which provided standard speed, time, and distance tracking without augmented reality features.
Each participant completed supervised walking sessions 3 times per week for 12 weeks, with each session lasting 60 minutes (10-minute warm-up, 40-minute walking, 10-minute cool-down). Receives: Device: Traditional Treadmill Walking |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Stride Length
Average stride length (in centimeters) measured using the 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT).
Measured: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Gait Speed
Walking speed (in meters per second) assessed during a 30-meter walk test.
Measured: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Balance (Timed Up and Go Test)
Time taken to complete the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Lower values indicate better balance.
Measured: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Secondary outcomes (7)
Skeletal Muscle Mass
Measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 520). Unit: kg.
Measured: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Body Fat Mass
Measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 520). Unit: kg.
Measured: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Body Fat Percentage
Measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 520). Unit: %.
Measured: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Heart Rate
Average heart rate monitored during each exercise session using treadmill sensors or wearable device.
Measured: During each session (12 weeks)
Calorie Expenditure
Calories burned per session, tracked by treadmill and validated device.
Measured: During each session (12 weeks)
Distance Walked
Total distance covered per session (in meters or kilometers).
Measured: During each session (12 weeks)
Technology Acceptance
Measured using a validated questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), including perceived ease of use, usefulness, and behavioral intention.
Measured: After 12 weeks of intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Jul 2025
- Study start6 Dec 2024
- Primary completion5 Jan 2025
- Study completion5 Jan 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for AgingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups: an experimental group that received augmented reality treadmill walking training and a control group that received traditional treadmill walking training. Both groups participated in the same frequency and duration of exercise (3 sessions per week for 12 weeks), allowing direct comparison of intervention effects on cognitive function, body composition, and physiological responses.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan College of Performing Arts
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, CHENG-EN WU, National Taiwan College of Performing Arts
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07074613
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 114-86
- Other IDs
- IRB No. 114-86
- Acronym
- ART-Walk
- Status last verified
- Jul 2025
- First submitted
- 26 Jun 2025
- Last updated
- 20 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to privacy considerations and the small sample size of older adult participants. Additionally, data sharing was not included in the original study protocol or informed consent process. Therefore, public sharing of IPD is not permitted under the current ethical approval.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of Augmented Reality Treadmill Walking on Cognitive Function, Body Composition, Physiological Responses, and Acceptability in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07074613
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ART-Walk / 114-86
- Conditions
- Aging, Cognitive Decline, Sarcopenia, Mobility Limitation, Balance Impairment
- Keywords
- Augmented Reality, Treadmill Walking, Older Adults, Cognitive Function, Body Composition, Balance Training, Sarcopenia Intervention, Technology Acceptance
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan College of Performing ArtsUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 6 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 Jan 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study evaluated the feasibility and health effects of using augmented reality (AR) treadmill walking in older adults. Sixty community-dwelling adults aged 65 to 80 years were randomly assigned to either an AR treadmill group or a traditional treadmill group. Both groups participated in supervised walking sessions three times per week for twelve weeks. The study examined changes in mobility, balance, body composition, physiological responses, and participants' perceptions of the AR technology.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of augmented reality (AR) treadmill walking on mobility-related motor function, body composition, physiological responses, and technology acceptance among older adults. A total of 60 community-dwelling adults aged 65 to 80 years were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (AR treadmill walking) or a control group (traditional treadmill walking).
Participants in both groups engaged in supervised walking sessions three times per week for twelve weeks. Each session lasted 60 minutes, including a 10-minute warm-up, 40-minute treadmill walking, and a 10-minute cool-down. The AR treadmill (JOHNSON 8.1T) provided immersive visual environments and real-time feedback on physiological data. The control group used a standard treadmill (CHANSON CS-6630) without AR features.
Primary outcome measures included stride length, gait speed, and balance. Secondary outcomes included skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, body fat percentage, heart rate, calorie expenditure, walking distance, and technology acceptance assessed by a validated questionnaire.
Statistical analysis included repeated-measures ANOVA, independent t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis to examine group differences and associations between physiological responses and technology acceptance.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups: an experimental group that received augmented reality treadmill walking training and a control group that received traditional treadmill walking training. Both groups participated in the same frequency and duration of exercise (3 sessions per week for 12 weeks), allowing direct comparison of intervention effects on cognitive function, body composition, and physiological responses.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental: Augmented Reality Treadmill Walking | Experimental | Device: JOHNSON 8.1T treadmill with Passport AR systemParticipants in this group performed treadmill walking using the JOHNSON 8.1T treadmill with Passport AR system. The device provided immersive visual environments (e.g., forest trails, hills) and real-time feedback on heart rate, speed, and distance. Each participant completed supervised walking sessions 3 times per week for 12 weeks, with each session lasting 60 minutes (10-minute warm-up, 40-minute walking, 10-minute cool-down). |
| Active Comparator: Traditional Treadmill Walking | Active comparator | Device: Traditional Treadmill WalkingParticipants in this group performed treadmill walking using the CHANSON CS-6630 treadmill, which provided standard speed, time, and distance tracking without augmented reality features. Each participant completed supervised walking sessions 3 times per week for 12 weeks, with each session lasting 60 minutes (10-minute warm-up, 40-minute walking, 10-minute cool-down). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 65 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Community-dwelling adults aged 65 to 80 years
- Able to walk independently without assistive devices
- Cognitively intact and able to follow instructions
- No prior use of augmented reality (AR) exercise programs within the past 3 months
- Willing to participate in the study and provide informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Diagnosed with chronic conditions that impair mobility (e.g., cardiovascular disease, severe arthritis)
- Severe visual or auditory impairments that affect interaction with AR equipment
- Neurological or psychiatric disorders that may interfere with participation
- Known susceptibility to motion sickness or discomfort with virtual environments (AR-induced discomfort)
- Inability to complete the 12-week training protocol or attend scheduled assessments
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Traditional Treadmill WalkingAlso: CHANSON CS-6630 treadmillParticipants walked on a traditional treadmill with standard time, speed, and distance tracking, no AR features. | Device | Active Comparator: Traditional Treadmill Walking |
| JOHNSON 8.1T treadmill with Passport AR systemParticipants walked on an AR-integrated treadmill with immersive virtual environments and real-time feedback. | Device | Experimental: Augmented Reality Treadmill Walking |
Primary outcome
Stride Length
Time frame: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Average stride length (in centimeters) measured using the 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT).
Gait Speed
Time frame: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Walking speed (in meters per second) assessed during a 30-meter walk test.
Balance (Timed Up and Go Test)
Time frame: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Time taken to complete the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Lower values indicate better balance.
7 secondary outcomes
Skeletal Muscle Mass
Time frame: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Body Fat Mass
Time frame: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Body Fat Percentage
Time frame: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Heart Rate
Time frame: During each session (12 weeks)
Calorie Expenditure
Time frame: During each session (12 weeks)
Distance Walked
Time frame: During each session (12 weeks)
Technology Acceptance
Time frame: After 12 weeks of intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Jul 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to privacy considerations and the small sample size of older adult participants. Additionally, data sharing was not included in the original study protocol or informed consent process. Therefore, public sharing of IPD is not permitted under the current ethical approval.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Traditional Treadmill Walking and JOHNSON 8.1T treadmill with Passport AR system in people with Aging and Cognitive Decline, run by National Taiwan College of Performing Arts at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Stride Length (time frame: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Jul 2025.