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Older AdultsNCT07105800

Dance Intervention to Improve Executive Function and Physical Performance in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment

A study testing Music-based dance in people with Older Adults and Cognitive Impairment, Mild, run by Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.

Recruiting

Looking for participants now. Contact the study team or a site below to ask about taking part.

Sites and contacts
Official record
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Trial summary

This pilot study investigates the effects of a music-based dance intervention on executive function and physical performance in middle-aged and older adults with cognitive impairment. Dance, as a form of dual-task training, integrates music, rhythmic movement, and cognitive-motor coordination. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 55 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Older Adults, Cognitive Impairment, Mild
What is being tested?
Music-based dance
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
50 participants
Where
1 siteTaiwan
Study dates
1 Nov 2025to 30 Jun 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 55 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) with a score ≥5 on the SCD-Q9 questionnaire, or Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI) with a score ≥7 on the MBI-Checklist, with symptoms persisting for more than three months.
  • Ability to follow instructions.
  • Ability to stand unsupported or with assistive devices for at least 10 minutes.
  • Ability to walk at least 10 meters, either unsupported or with assistive devices.

Who cannot join

  • Severe visual or hearing impairment.
  • Score <16 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
  • Emotional or anxiety symptoms caused by psychiatric medications that significantly impair the ability to perform study-related motor tasks.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Fen-Ling Kuo, Master contact

+88622490088 ext. 1624

08655@s.tmu.edu.tw

ChiehYu Pan, Master contact

+88622490088 ext. 1624

08411@s.tmu.edu.tw

Taiwan1 site, 1 recruiting

  • Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital

    New Taipei City, Taiwan, 235

    Fen-Ling Kuo, +88622490088 ext. 1624, 08655@s.tmu.edu.tw

    Recruiting

Other trials in Taiwan

About this study

Official title: A Pilot Study of Dance Intervention for Enhancing Executive Function and Physical Performance in Cognitively Impaired Older Adults

This pilot study investigates the effects of a music-based dance intervention on executive function and physical performance in middle-aged and older adults with cognitive impairment. Dance, as a form of dual-task training, integrates music, rhythmic movement, and cognitive-motor coordination. When combined with group interaction and partner-guided physical cues, it has the potential to enhance both cognitive and motor functions simultaneously.

The intervention features a simple, structured dance sequence designed to stimulate rhythm, attention, and coordination through music-based movement. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of this approach in improving executive function and lower limb physical performance among individuals with cognitive impairment.

Read the detailed description

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is an age-related condition that affects memory, judgment, and motor performance, often leading to reduced independence and quality of life. Recent studies have emphasized the interrelationship between cognitive and motor functions, particularly in individuals with neurodegenerative conditions. Interventions that incorporate dual-task training, such as dance, have shown promise in enhancing both domains by combining rhythmic movement, memory recall, physical coordination, and social interaction.

Dance-based interventions, especially those integrating music, external cues, and partner interaction, engage multiple brain regions including the frontal cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus. These programs stimulate sensory-motor integration and executive control, potentially improving attention, gait, balance, and cognitive flexibility. Existing evidence supports that rhythm- and music-based movement, when combined with cognitive tasks, can enhance brain function, promote emotional regulation, and improve daily functioning in cognitively impaired populations.

This study aims to examine the effects of a structured, music-based dance intervention on executive function and physical performance in middle-aged and older adults with cognitive impairment. The program integrates fixed dance routines with perceptual-motor training and social interaction.

A total of 50 middle-aged and older adults receiving outpatient rehabilitation at a medical center in northern Taiwan were recruited and randomly assigned to either the music-based dance intervention group (n = 25) or the control group (n = 25). The intervention group participated in a nine-week group-based program involving rhythmic movement, mutual physical guidance, and social interaction. The control group completed a nine-week lower limb intermittent exercise program guided by non-musical instructional videos.

Assessments were conducted at three time points: pre-intervention, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. Evaluation tools included:Four-Square Step Test (FSST), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go - Cognitive (TUG-Cognitive), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), Modified Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Course feedback questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant demographics. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine within-group and between-group differences over time. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics 26.0, with the significance level set at α < 0.05.

Being tested
Music-based dance, Control
Medical subject headings
Cognitive Dysfunction

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Music-based danceBehavioural

    The dance routines emphasized perceptual-motor training through mutual physical guidance, spatial coordination, and social interaction among participants. The intervention aimed to enhance executive function, balance, and lower limb mobility by incorporating dual-task elements that challenge memory, attention, and physical control in a dynamic, enjoyable setting.

  • ControlBehavioural

    The training content is delivered through standardized, non-musical instructional videos. Participants in the control group follow fixed video demonstrations to perform functional lower limb exercises. The movement components include independent lower limb strength training and balance training.

Study groups in NCT07105800
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Music-based dance intervention groupExperimentalThe intervention group participated in a structured, nine-week group-based dance program designed to stimulate both cognitive and motor functions. Each 40-minute session was held twice per week and featured music-based rhythmic movement combined with fixed choreography. The dance routines emphasized perceptual-motor training through mutual physical guidance, spatial coordination, and social interaction among participants. The intervention aimed to enhance executive function, balance, and lower limb mobility by incorporating dual-task elements that challenge memory, attention, and physical control in a dynamic, enjoyable setting.
Receives: Behavioral: Music-based dance
Control groupActive comparatorThe control group participated in a structured, nine-week lower limb exercise program that included intermittent strength and balance training. Sessions were delivered twice weekly through standardized, non-musical instructional videos to ensure consistency and minimize cognitive stimulation.
Receives: Behavioral: Control

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Montreal Cognitive Assessment

    The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a widely used screening tool for detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). It evaluates seven cognitive domains through 12 subtests, including: visuospatial and executive Function (e.g., cube copying and clock drawing), naming (e.g., visual confrontation naming), attention and Concentration (e.g., digit span, vigilance tasks), language (e.g., sentence repetition and verbal fluency), abstract Reasoning (e.g., similarity identification), memory (immediate and delayed recall), orientation (temporal and spatial). A total score of 26 or above is considered within the normal cognitive range. According to previous studies, a cut-off score of 24 offers optimal discrimination for MCI, with a reported sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 78%.

    Measured: Baseline, mid-intervention (week 5), and one week post-intervention (week 10)

Secondary outcomes (5)

  1. Four-Square Step Test

    The FSST assesses motor-cognitive integration and fall risk. Participants are instructed to step rapidly and safely over four squares formed by crossed floor tape in a specified sequence. The test requires directional changes, weight shifting, and quick stepping, engaging both lower limb motor control and executive attention. FSST is widely used in populations with balance impairments, including older adults, individuals with stroke, Parkinson's disease, vestibular disorders, and limb amputations. Cut-off times indicating elevated fall risk vary by population: >15 sec in older adults and stroke patients, >9.68 sec in Parkinson's disease, >12 sec in vestibular disorders, and >24 sec in amputees. The FSST demonstrates excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.98) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.99)

    Measured: Baseline, mid-intervention (week 5), and one week post-intervention (week 10)

  2. Timed Up and Go - Cognitive

    This test evaluates dual-task performance by measuring the time needed to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn, return, and sit down, while performing a cognitive task (counting backward by threes from a random number). It reflects motor-cognitive integration, especially executive function and attention. Times >15 seconds suggest increased fall risk. One practice trial is provided for instruction comprehension. The test takes approximately 3 minutes and demonstrates excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.96) and strong criterion validity (r = 0.86-0.92)

    Measured: Baseline, mid-intervention (week 5), and one week post-intervention (week 10)

  3. Functional Reach Test

    The FRT evaluates stability by measuring the maximal forward reach distance while standing with arms extended at 90 degrees and feet shoulder-width apart. The final reach distance is calculated by subtracting the starting fingertip position (third metacarpophalangeal joint) from the furthest reach. Three trials are averaged. Distances <15 cm indicate high fall risk. Normative values: 14-17 in (ages 20-40), 13-16 in (ages 41-69), and 10-13 in (ages 70-87). The FRT takes approximately 5 minutes to complete and demonstrates strong reliability (test-retest ICC = 0.90-0.95, inter-rater ICC = 0.89) and good face validity (r = 0.71)

    Measured: Baseline, mid-intervention (week 5), and one week post-intervention (week 10)

  4. Stroop Color and Word Test

    The SCWT measures selective attention, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control. It includes three parts: (1) reading color words, (2) naming colored squares, and (3) naming the ink color of incongruent color words (e.g., the word "red" printed in blue ink should be answered as "blue"). Each part is timed for 45 seconds, and performance is scored by the number of correct responses. The test demonstrates high internal consistency (ICC = 0.91), indicating strong reliability

    Measured: Baseline, mid-intervention (week 5), and one week post-intervention (week 10)

  5. Course Feedback Questionnaire

    A custom three-item questionnaire developed to collect participant feedback on program experience and perceived benefits. Responses provide qualitative insight into engagement, satisfaction, and perceived change.

    Measured: One week post-intervention (week 10)

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted6 Aug 2025
  2. Study start1 Nov 2025
  3. Primary completion30 Jun 2026 (estimated)
  4. Study completion30 Jun 2026 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
50 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT07105800
Sponsor's protocol ID
TMU-JIRBN202507032
Status last verified
Jul 2025
First submitted
30 Jul 2025
Last updated
28 Apr 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Woods B, Rai HK, Elliott E, Aguirre E, Orrell M, Spector A. Cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 31;1(1):CD005562. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005562.pub3.

    PubMed 39804128

  • Wang RY, Huang YC, Zhou JH, Cheng SJ, Yang YR. Effects of Exergame-Based Dual-Task Training on Executive Function and Dual-Task Performance in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Randomized-Controlled Trial. Games Health J. 2021 Oct;10(5):347-354. doi: 10.1089/g4h.2021.0057. Epub 2021 Sep 1.

    PubMed 34491113

  • Tsai JC, Chen CW, Chu H, Yang HL, Chung MH, Liao YM, Chou KR. Comparing the Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Values of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination When Screening People for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Chinese Population. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2016 Aug;30(4):486-91. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2016.01.015. Epub 2016 Jan 21.

    PubMed 27455923

  • Sanprakhon P, Suriyawong W, Longphasuk N, Khatichop N, Arpaichiraratana C, Wongwiseskul S, Rattanaselanon P, Pipatpiboon N, Thaipisuttikul P. Effects of traditional Thai folk dance combined with cognitive stimulation program on behavior and cognition among older adults with cognitive decline: A randomized controlled trial. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2025 Apr;12(4):100066. doi: 10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100066. Epub 2025 Jan 17.

    PubMed 39824702

  • Outermans JC, van Peppen RP, Wittink H, Takken T, Kwakkel G. Effects of a high-intensity task-oriented training on gait performance early after stroke: a pilot study. Clin Rehabil. 2010 Nov;24(11):979-87. doi: 10.1177/0269215509360647. Epub 2010 Aug 18.

    PubMed 20719820

  • McGirr A, Nathan S, Ghahremani M, Gill S, Smith EE, Ismail Z. Progression to Dementia or Reversion to Normal Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment as a Function of Late-Onset Neuropsychiatric Symptoms. Neurology. 2022 May 24;98(21):e2132-e2139. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200256. Epub 2022 Mar 29.

    PubMed 35351783

  • Lazarou I, Parastatidis T, Tsolaki A, Gkioka M, Karakostas A, Douka S, Tsolaki M. International Ballroom Dancing Against Neurodegeneration: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Greek Community-Dwelling Elders With Mild Cognitive impairment. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2017 Dec;32(8):489-499. doi: 10.1177/1533317517725813. Epub 2017 Aug 25.

    PubMed 28840742

  • Ilardi CR, Federico G, La Marra M, Amato R, Iavarone A, Soricelli A, Santangelo G, Chieffi S. Deficits in reaching movements under visual interference as a novel diagnostic marker for mild cognitive impairment. Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 14;15(1):1901. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-85785-7.

    PubMed 39805990

  • Hao L, Jia J, Xing Y, Han Y. An application study-subjective cognitive decline Questionnaire9 in detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Aging Ment Health. 2022 Oct;26(10):2014-2021. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1980860. Epub 2021 Sep 29.

    PubMed 34583593

  • Chang CF, Yang RJ, Chang SF, Chou YH, Huang EW. The Effects of Quality of Life and Ability to Perform Activities of Daily Living on Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older People Living in Publicly Managed Congregate Housing. J Nurs Res. 2017 Jun;25(3):187-197. doi: 10.1097/JNR.0000000000000149.

    PubMed 28481814

  • Cao K, Bay AA, Hajjar I, Wharton W, Goldstein F, Qiu D, Prusin T, McKay JL, Perkins MM, Hackney ME. Rationale and Design of the PARTNER Trial: Partnered Rhythmic Rehabilitation for Enhanced Motor-Cognition in Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2023;91(3):1019-1033. doi: 10.3233/JAD-220783.

    PubMed 36530084

  • Bracco L, Pinto-Carral A, Hillaert L, Mourey F. Tango-therapy vs physical exercise in older people with dementia; a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2023 Oct 24;23(1):693. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04342-x.

    PubMed 37875856

  • Bisbe M, Fuente-Vidal A, Lopez E, Moreno M, Naya M, de Benetti C, Mila R, Bruna O, Boada M, Alegret M. Comparative Cognitive Effects of Choreographed Exercise and Multimodal Physical Therapy in Older Adults with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Randomized Clinical Trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;73(2):769-783. doi: 10.3233/JAD-190552.

    PubMed 31868666

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Music-based dance in people with Older Adults and Cognitive Impairment, Mild, run by Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Fen-Ling Kuo, Master (+88622490088 ext. 1624, 08655@s.tmu.edu.tw), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (time frame: Baseline, mid-intervention (week 5), and one week post-intervention (week 10)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07105800, which also lists 13 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Apr 2026.

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