Healthy Ageing: a Feasibility Study to Evaluate Digitally-enabled Ways to Support Healthy Ageing

Recruitment rate will be assessed by comparing the number of people enrolled and consented to the study compared to number of people invited stratified by each recruitment channel used.

This is assessed by comparing the number of participants from different demographic groups stratified by ethnicity and gender as compared to participant population.

Blood samples will be collected to evaluate changes in inflammatory marker in the form of C-Reactive Protein (in mg/mL). The levels at baseline will be compared to samples at 3-month and 6-month assessments.

Blood samples are collected to evaluate changes in interleukins-1 (in pg/mL). The levels at baseline will be compared to blood samples taken at three and six-month assesssments.

Blood samples will also be collected to evaluate changes in inflammatory markers. This is measured using cortisol (in pg/mL) where baseline levels will be compared to blood samples taken at three and six months assessments.

Online surveys are sent to participants at triage, baseline, three and six months of the study. Completeness of online triage surveys (in percentage) is assessed by comparing the number of completed triage surveys versus total triage surveys started by participants to understand the acceptability of triage procedure.

This is monitored using a Hazard Log of adverse and serious adverse incidents throughout the study. This outcome is assessed by evaluating the number of adverse and serious adverse events in all 3 groups.

This is measured through qualitative feedback on acceptability of the assessments, information and support provided to participants in the control group collected through verbal and free-text responses at three and six-month visits. These responses will be thematically analysed.

The acceptability of interventions Arms A and B will be assessed using System Usability Score (SUS). The SUS is a ten-item attitude Likert scale giving a global view of subjective assessments of usability. Scores range from 0 (the worst possible score) to 100 (the best possible score). This is evaluated at three and six months of the intervention.

The acceptability of interventions Arms A and B will be assessed using modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Modified UTAUT has 25 components each measured on likert scale of 1 being strongly disagree and 5 being strongly agree. This is a range of 25 (worst possible score) to 125 (best possible score). This is assessed at three and six month feedback surveys

Using Withings Smartscale, weight (in kilograms) at three and six months will be compared to baseline assessment.

This will be assessed by comparing Fried Frailty Score at 3 and 6 month assessments compared to score at baseline assessment. Fried Frialty is assesses the presence of five frailty characteristics and is measured on a scale of 0 (best possible score) to 5 (worst possible score).

This is assessed using Withings Sleepmat for changes in total sleep duration (in hours per day) among participants in Arm A and B. The total sleep duration at 6 months will be compared to baseline period of first 7 days of the study.

Changes in sedentary time (in minutes per day) is measured through a smartwatch. This is assessed by comparing the average daily sedentary time at 3 and 6-months as compared to baseline assessment.

This will be assessed by comparing average daily active minutes at 3 and 6 months versy average daily active minutes in baseline period. This is measured in active minutes per day as measured by Withings Smartwatch.

This will be assessed by comparing three and six-month scores of Short Physical Performance Battery versus their baseline assessment score. This is measured using three physical tests in units on a scale of 0 (lowest worst score) to 12 (highest best score).

This will be assessed by comparing percentage change in three and six-month assessment of Gait speed (in metres per second) as compared to baseline assessment. Normal walking speed is measured by measuring the time (in seconds) participants take to complete a distance of 15 feet (4.57metres).

This will be assessed by comparing three and six-month assessment of grip strength compared to baseline assessment. This is measured using a hand-held dynamometer of participant's dominant hand. This is measured in kilograms.

This will be assessed by comparing the three and six-month assessments of participants' total score on the Mini-Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination compared to their baseline assessment. This is a 5-item questionnaire measured in units on a scale of 0 being the lowest score and 30 being the highest score. Scores of less than or equal 25 indicates cognitive impairment.

This will be assessed by comparing three and six-month asssessment of participants' Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale as compared to their baseline assessment. This is a 14-item questionnaire and is measured units on a scale of 7 (worst possible score) to 35 (best possible score).

This will be assessed by comparing three and six-month assessment of Geriatric Depression Scale (short form) with the baseline assessment. This is a 15-item questionnaire measured in units on a scale of 0 (best possible score) to 15 (worst possible score).

This will be assessed by comparing three and six-month assessment of Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS-10) as comparing to their baseline assessment. This is a 10-item questionnaire measured on a scale of 0 (best possible score) to 10 (worst possible score).

This will be assessed by comparing three and six-month assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life using Short-form 36 (SF-36) as compared to their baseline assessment. SF-36 is a 36-item questionnaire measured on a scale of 0 (worst possible score) to 100(best possible score).

This will be assessed by comparing three and six-month assessment of patient-generated index of independence with their baseline assessment. This is a 3-stage questionnaire where participants self-identify and rank most important activities of daily living which is measured on a scale of 0 (worst possible score) to 10 (best possible score).

Social engagement of participants is assessed using Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS- 6). This will be assessed by comparing the total score of participants' three and six-month assessment of Lubben's social network scale with their baseline assessment. This is a 6-item questionnaire measured on a scale of 0 (worst possible score) to 30 (best possible score).

Self-reported changes in sleep will be assessed by comparing total score on three and six-month assessment online Geriatric Sleep Questionnaire with their baseline assessment. This is a six-item questionnaire measured on a scale of 6 (best possible score) to 30 (worst possible score).

Using the Withings SmartWatch, the average daily steps at 3 and 6 months will be compared with average daily steps during baseline period of the first 7 days.

This is assessed by comparing the number of daily diary entriees completed online compared with the total daily diary entries completed online for participants in Group A.

This is assessed by number of self-reported episodes of visits to primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities in all three groups during the study. This is assessed in Arm A in their daily diary entries. This is assessed in their 3 and 6-month assessments.

This is assessed as a percentage by comparing the number of clinical record forms completed at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months compared with the total number of forms requested. These forms are completed by the research team for all participants.

This is assessed using Withings Smartscale which measures fat mass (in percentage). The Fat mass percentage at baseline assessment will be compared to three and six-month measurements.

This is assessed using Withings Sleep mat which records the total duration of snoring. This is assessed by comparing changes as a percentage of the total snoring duration per night during the baseline period of first 7-days compared with total snoring duration per night at 3 and 6 months.