Sports Physical TherapyNCT07164729
Dynamic vs. PNF Quadriceps Stretching in Cyclists
A study testing PNF Stretching and Dynamic Stretching in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Istinye University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Following an initial assessment, 30 professional cyclists will be divided into two groups (1:1). PNF stretching will be applied to the Quadriceps muscles of the participants in Group A, while Group B will perform dynamic stretching on the Quadriceps muscles. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 25 to 50 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Physical Therapy
- What is being tested?
- PNF Stretching and Dynamic Stretching
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2025to 27 Oct 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 25 to 50 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Being a trained cyclist (training intensively at least 4 times per week and having a minimum of 5 years of cycling experience).
- Voluntary participation in the study.
- No recent history of sports-related injury.
Who cannot join
- Presence of neurological, orthopedic, or cardiovascular diseases.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Istinye University Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Application and Research Center (İSÜFİZYOTEM)
Istanbul
About this study
Official title: Comparison of the Effects of Dynamic and PNF Stretching Applied to the Quadriceps Muscle Group on Muscle Performance, Muscle Strength, and Joint Range of Motion in Recreationally Trained Cyclists
Following an initial assessment, 30 professional cyclists will be divided into two groups (1:1). PNF stretching will be applied to the Quadriceps muscles of the participants in Group A, while Group B will perform dynamic stretching on the Quadriceps muscles. After the interventions, all participants will undergo a second assessment. The study aims to compare the immediate effects of these two different types of stretching on muscle performance, strength and joint range of motion. Participants will attend a single day for both the assessments and the intervention sessions.
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Being tested
- PNF Stretching, Dynamic Stretching
- Keywords
- Cycling, Sports, Power, Jumping, Anaerobic Performance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PNF StretchingOther
Dynamic stretching of the quadriceps will be performed using walking lunges. This exercise dynamically stretches the quadriceps and hip flexors while also improving balance and coordination. During the exercise, participants stand upright, step one leg forward, and lower their body by bending the knee. They then step forward with the other leg to complete the movement. Ten steps will be performed for each leg.
Dynamic StretchingOther
The "Hold-Relax" technique will be applied. Hold-Relax PNF stretching is based on the principle of isometric contraction of the muscle followed by passive stretching. This technique is effective for increasing muscle flexibility and reducing muscle tension. The medial and lateral parts of the quadriceps will be stretched by Flexion-Adduction-External Rotation and Flexion-Abduction-Internal Rotation patterns3. During the exercise, participants will lie prone with the knee flexed. They will be asked to attempt knee extension while the movement is resisted by the physiotherapist. The contraction will be maintained for 10 seconds, after which the participant will be instructed to relax. Following relaxation, the knee flexion angle will be increased. Ten repetitions will be performed for each leg.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| PNF Stretching | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: PNF Stretching |
| Dynamic Stretching | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Dynamic Stretching |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Vertical Jump Test
The vertical jump test is performed by instructing an athlete to jump as high as possible from a standing position. Typically, the athlete will first stand and reach upward to mark the highest point they can touch while standing. Then, they will jump as high as possible, and the jump height will be recorded. The difference between the standing reach and jump height is calculated as the vertical jump distance.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 month
Anaerobic Power Step Test
It involves stepping up and down on a platform of a specified height. The participant will step rapidly and rhythmically on the platform for 30 and 60 seconds, aiming to complete as many steps as possible. The total number of steps will be recorded at the end of the test. Proper form and rhythmic stepping will be emphasized during the test; the athlete must place the entire foot on the platform and achieve full extension with each step. The data obtained from this test will be used to assess the athlete's anaerobic capacity and lower-body explosive power
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 month
Secondary outcomes (2)
Lower Extremity Muscle Strength
Lower extremity muscle strength will be measured using the Lafayette Hand-Held Dynamometer (HHD). During its application, the Lafayette HHD measures the force generated during the muscle's maximal isometric contraction. Knee flexion, knee extension, hip flexion and hip extension muscle strength will be measured. The measurement will be repeated three times.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 month
Lower Extremity Joint Range of Motion
Lower extremity joint range of motion will be assessed using a goniometer. The joint range of motion measurements will include hip flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, as well as knee flexion and extension.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 month
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Sep 2025
- Study start1 Sep 2025
- Primary completion27 Oct 2025
- Study completion27 Oct 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Sports Physical TherapyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istinye University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Çiçek Günday, Istinye University
- Investigators
- Çiçek Günday, Asst. Prof., Principal investigator, Istinye UniversityArda Akça, Physiotherapist, Study chair, Istinye UniversityElif Berfin Bulut, Physiotherapist, Study chair, Istinye University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07164729
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 02092025
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 2 Sep 2025
- Last updated
- 21 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Effects of Dynamic and PNF Stretching Applied to the Quadriceps Muscle Group on Muscle Performance, Muscle Strength, and Joint Range of Motion in Recreationally Trained Cyclists
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07164729
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 02092025
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- Cycling, Sports, Power, Jumping, Anaerobic Performance
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istinye UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 27 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 27 Oct 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Following an initial assessment, 30 professional cyclists will be divided into two groups (1:1). PNF stretching will be applied to the Quadriceps muscles of the participants in Group A, while Group B will perform dynamic stretching on the Quadriceps muscles. After the interventions, all participants will undergo a second assessment. The study aims to compare the immediate effects of these two different types of stretching on muscle performance, strength and joint range of motion. Participants will attend a single day for both the assessments and the intervention sessions.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| PNF Stretching | Experimental | Other: PNF Stretching |
| Dynamic Stretching | Experimental | Other: Dynamic Stretching |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 25 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Being a trained cyclist (training intensively at least 4 times per week and having a minimum of 5 years of cycling experience).
- Voluntary participation in the study.
- No recent history of sports-related injury.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Presence of neurological, orthopedic, or cardiovascular diseases.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| PNF StretchingDynamic stretching of the quadriceps will be performed using walking lunges. This exercise dynamically stretches the quadriceps and hip flexors while also improving balance and coordination. During the exercise, participants stand upright, step one leg forward, and lower their body by bending the knee. They then step forward with the other leg to complete the movement. Ten steps will be performed for each leg. | Other | PNF Stretching |
| Dynamic StretchingThe "Hold-Relax" technique will be applied. Hold-Relax PNF stretching is based on the principle of isometric contraction of the muscle followed by passive stretching. This technique is effective for increasing muscle flexibility and reducing muscle tension. The medial and lateral parts of the quadriceps will be stretched by Flexion-Adduction-External Rotation and Flexion-Abduction-Internal Rotation patterns3. During the exercise, participants will lie prone with the knee flexed. They will be asked to attempt knee extension while the movement is resisted by the physiotherapist. The contraction will be maintained for 10 seconds, after which the participant will be instructed to relax. Following relaxation, the knee flexion angle will be increased. Ten repetitions will be performed for each leg. | Other | Dynamic Stretching |
Primary outcome
Vertical Jump Test
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 month
The vertical jump test is performed by instructing an athlete to jump as high as possible from a standing position. Typically, the athlete will first stand and reach upward to mark the highest point they can touch while standing. Then, they will jump as high as possible, and the jump height will be recorded. The difference between the standing reach and jump height is calculated as the vertical jump distance.
Anaerobic Power Step Test
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 month
It involves stepping up and down on a platform of a specified height. The participant will step rapidly and rhythmically on the platform for 30 and 60 seconds, aiming to complete as many steps as possible. The total number of steps will be recorded at the end of the test. Proper form and rhythmic stepping will be emphasized during the test; the athlete must place the entire foot on the platform and achieve full extension with each step. The data obtained from this test will be used to assess the athlete's anaerobic capacity and lower-body explosive power
2 secondary outcomes
Lower Extremity Muscle Strength
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 month
Lower Extremity Joint Range of Motion
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 month
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Çiçek Günday, Asst. Prof. principal investigator
Istinye University
Arda Akça, Physiotherapist study chair
Istinye University
Elif Berfin Bulut, Physiotherapist study chair
Istinye University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing PNF Stretching and Dynamic Stretching in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Istinye University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Vertical Jump Test (time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 month). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Oct 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 28 Oct 2026.