PARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder)NCT07193303
Mental Imagery on Upper Extremity Skills
A study testing mental imagination in people with PARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder) and Mental Imagery, run by Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized pathologically by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and clinically by the presence of motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, and/or rigidity. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- PARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder), Mental Imagery, Motor Imagery
- What is being tested?
- mental imagination
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 May 2026to 30 Jan 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Healthy individuals aged 40-75 years, diagnosed with idiopathic PD according to the UK Parkinson's Disease Association Brain Bank criteria by a specialist neurologist, with a Modified Hoehn \& Yahr (m-HY) scale stage ≤4, and with a Mini Mental State Examination score of ≥24 for those with training and ≥18 for those without training, and with no known disease, volunteered to participate in the study.
- PD individuals with no other known neurological and/or systemic disease
- PD individuals without any upper extremity contractures
Who cannot join
- Individuals with diagnosed and/or treated psychiatric illnesses who are considered unable to complete the tests.
- Individuals who is taking neuroleptic medications or antidepressants.
- Individuals with orthopedic conditions that interfere with manual dexterity tests, such as severe dyskinesia, carpal tunnel syndrome, tendon injuries, or finger amputations; rheumatological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis; and individuals with any neurological condition other than PD.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü imam University
Kahramanmaraş, Onikişubat, 46100
Asiya Uzun, assistant professor, +903443002621, asiyeaycicek@gmail.com
Hatice adıgüzel tat, Associate Professor
About this study
Official title: The Immediate Effect of Mental Imagery on Upper Extremity Skills With the Patients of Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized pathologically by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and clinically by the presence of motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, and/or rigidity. Among the motor deficits frequently observed in PD, patients are known to frequently report difficulties with manual dexterity. Many upper extremity and manual dexterity deficits are present in PD. Motor imagery (MI) is the imaginal execution of motor activities or the activation of specific muscles in the absence of any explicit feedback. This area of rehabilitation has been shown to be effective in improving and developing motor skills in many neurological conditions where patients exhibit motor recognition and execution impairments. MI can be applied at all stages of recovery from PD, is highly effective in movement-related pathologies, and can be performed independently.There is sufficient evidence that MI improves motor performance and learning in individuals with neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, and spinal cord injury. The study was designed to investigate the immediate effects of mental imagery, which is thought to be effective in controlling difficulties in planning and initiating movements in PD, on upper extremity skills. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of mental imagery on upper extremity skills in PD.
- Conditions
- PARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder), Mental Imagery, Motor Imagery
- Being tested
- mental imagination
- Medical subject headings
- Parkinson Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
mental imaginationOther
The Nine-Hole Peg Test (9 DPT) will be performed with a mental chronometer.the duration between actually physically performing the movement and mentally imagining the same movement will be recorded.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 1/study group | Experimental | Upper extremity skill tests will be performed on individuals diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and recorded with a mental stopwatch using mental imagery. Receives: Other: mental imagination |
| 2/control group | No intervention | Upper extremity skill tests will be performed on individuals diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The Nine-Hole Peg Test (9PPT) with Mental Chronometry
Mental Chronometry: Mental chronometry is a method that measures imagery time, considered more objective than questionnaires in the assessment of MI. It examines the time difference between the actual physical execution of a movement and the mental image of the same movement.
The Nine-Hole Peg Test (9PPT) is frequently used in the literature, although its validity and reliability as a mental chronometry test are lacking. In this task, the participant is required to remove nine pegs from the board to which they are fixed as quickly as possible and place them in a container on the board. The pegs used in the test (8 mm in diameter, 3 cm long) can be made of wood or plastic. The board (23 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 2 cm high) has a section at one end where the pegs are fixed (arranged in a 3x3 matrix) and a container-shaped space on the side for the pegs to be placed. Participants perform the test on both upper extremities. Before the test, all participants are given the opportunity to ho
Measured: first day of the assesment
Secondary outcomes (7)
sosyodemographic form
Medical history (disease duration and symptoms), demographic information, will be recorded.
Measured: first day of the assesment
Modified Hoehn & Yahr (m-HY) scale
PD disability will be assessed with the m-HY scale. All of the patients with PD will be staged according to the Hoehn Yahr scale as follows: stage 1.0 (unilateral involvement only); stage 1.5 (unilateral and axial involvement); stage 2.0 (bilateral involvement without balance impairment); stage 2.5 (mild bilateral disease with improvement in the pull test); stage 3.0 (mild to moderate bilateral disease; some postural impairment; physically independent); stage 4.0 (severe disability; still able to walk or stand unaided).
Measured: first day of the assesment
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)
Symptom severity in PD is rated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Several items on this scale assess upper extremity and hand function. The Activities of Daily Living section assesses handwriting, cutting food, and grasping utensils. The Motor section assesses finger tapping, hand movements, and rapid alternating hand movements. These test items are scored from 0 to 4, with 4 representing maximum impairment and 0 representing normal movement ability. The UPDRS sections are subdivided into: Section I (mental dysfunction and mood); Section II (activities of daily living); Section III (motor); and Section IV (treatment-related complications).
Measured: first day of the asessment
Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)
This test was developed by Folstein in 1975. Its Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Güngen et al. in 2002. The MMSE, which is quite suitable for screening cognitive function in the elderly and assesses cognitive functions in five separate areas (orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language), is frequently used. A score below 24 on the MMSE indicates dementia, 24-26 indicates mild cognitive impairment, and 26 or above indicates normal cognitive function.
Measured: first day of the assessment
Muscle Strength Measurement
Isometric strength will be measured using a digital muscle strength measurement device (KFORCE KINVENT) for the bilateral serratus anterior, upper trapezius, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, supraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, and biceps brachii muscles of the upper extremity.
Measured: first day of the assesment
Grip Strength Measurement
A Jamar hand dynamometer (Baseline®) (and a PinchMeter (Baseline Mechanical Pinch Gauge with Case, Blue, 30 lb) will be used for grip strength measurement.
Measured: first day of the assesment
The Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ)
The Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ), Short Form, was developed to determine the extent to which individuals visualize and feel imaged movements. It consists of a total of 10 movements measuring five visual and five kinesthetic imagery skills (23). The questionnaire is not a self-report measure but is administered by an assessor. All movements are assessed in a sitting position. The assessor first performs the relevant movement on themselves, and then the participant is asked to perform the same movement only once. The participant then imagines the movement and is asked to rate the visual clarity or intensity of sensations of the imagined movement using a five-point ordinal scale. Higher scores indicate greater visual clarity or intensity of sensations. This questionnaire will be used to assess mental imagery ability in our study.
Measured: first day of the assesment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Sep 2025
- Study start15 May 2026
- Primary completion15 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jan 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for PARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hatice Adiguzel, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
- Investigators
- hatice adıgüzel tat, Associate Professor, Study chair, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam UniversityAsiya Uzun, Asisstant Prof, Principal investigator, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam UniversityYusuf Şinasi Kırmacı, Asisstant Prof, Study chair, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam UniversityAbdulkadir Ertürk, Msc, Study chair, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam UniversityTuğçe Simay Özbay, Msc, Study chair, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam UniversityBuket Tuğan Yıldız, Associate Professor, Study chair, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam UniversityDeniz Tuncel, Proffessor, Study chair, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07193303
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- mental imagination
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 12 Sep 2025
- Last updated
- 14 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Immediate Effect of Mental Imagery on Upper Extremity Skills With the Patients of Parkinson's Disease
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07193303
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- mental imagination
- Conditions
- PARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder), Mental Imagery, Motor Imagery
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 May 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 25 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized pathologically by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and clinically by the presence of motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, and/or rigidity. Among the motor deficits frequently observed in PD, patients are known to frequently report difficulties with manual dexterity. Many upper extremity and manual dexterity deficits are present in PD. Motor imagery (MI) is the imaginal execution of motor activities or the activation of specific muscles in the absence of any explicit feedback. This area of rehabilitation has been shown to be effective in improving and developing motor skills in many neurological conditions where patients exhibit motor recognition and execution impairments. MI can be applied at all stages of recovery from PD, is highly effective in movement-related pathologies, and can be performed independently.There is sufficient evidence that MI improves motor performance and learning in individuals with neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, and spinal cord injury. The study was designed to investigate the immediate effects of mental imagery, which is thought to be effective in controlling difficulties in planning and initiating movements in PD, on upper extremity skills. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of mental imagery on upper extremity skills in PD.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 1/study group | Experimental | Other: mental imaginationUpper extremity skill tests will be performed on individuals diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and recorded with a mental stopwatch using mental imagery. |
| 2/control group | No intervention | –Upper extremity skill tests will be performed on individuals diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Healthy individuals aged 40-75 years, diagnosed with idiopathic PD according to the UK Parkinson's Disease Association Brain Bank criteria by a specialist neurologist, with a Modified Hoehn \& Yahr (m-HY) scale stage ≤4, and with a Mini Mental State Examination score of ≥24 for those with training and ≥18 for those without training, and with no known disease, volunteered to participate in the study.
- PD individuals with no other known neurological and/or systemic disease
- PD individuals without any upper extremity contractures
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Individuals with diagnosed and/or treated psychiatric illnesses who are considered unable to complete the tests.
- Individuals who is taking neuroleptic medications or antidepressants.
- Individuals with orthopedic conditions that interfere with manual dexterity tests, such as severe dyskinesia, carpal tunnel syndrome, tendon injuries, or finger amputations; rheumatological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis; and individuals with any neurological condition other than PD.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| mental imaginationThe Nine-Hole Peg Test (9 DPT) will be performed with a mental chronometer.the duration between actually physically performing the movement and mentally imagining the same movement will be recorded. | Other | 1/study group |
Primary outcome
The Nine-Hole Peg Test (9PPT) with Mental Chronometry
Time frame: first day of the assesment
Mental Chronometry: Mental chronometry is a method that measures imagery time, considered more objective than questionnaires in the assessment of MI. It examines the time difference between the actual physical execution of a movement and the mental image of the same movement. The Nine-Hole Peg Test (9PPT) is frequently used in the literature, although its validity and reliability as a mental chronometry test are lacking. In this task, the participant is required to remove nine pegs from the board to which they are fixed as quickly as possible and place them in a container on the board. The pegs used in the test (8 mm in diameter, 3 cm long) can be made of wood or plastic. The board (23 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 2 cm high) has a section at one end where the pegs are fixed (arranged in a 3x3 matrix) and a container-shaped space on the side for the pegs to be placed. Participants perform the test on both upper extremities. Before the test, all participants are given the opportunity to ho
7 secondary outcomes
sosyodemographic form
Time frame: first day of the assesment
Modified Hoehn & Yahr (m-HY) scale
Time frame: first day of the assesment
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)
Time frame: first day of the asessment
Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Time frame: first day of the assessment
Muscle Strength Measurement
Time frame: first day of the assesment
Grip Strength Measurement
Time frame: first day of the assesment
The Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ)
Time frame: first day of the assesment
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Jul 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for PARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder)
RecruitingObservational study
Evaluation and Treatment of Neurosurgical Disorders
Neurologic Disorders
Enrolling by invitation
Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Improving Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's Disease, Depression
RecruitingPhase 1/2
KEYMAKER-U01 Substudy 01A: Efficacy and Safety Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) With or Without Chemotherapy When Used With Investigational Agents in Treatment-naïve Participants With Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (MK-3475-01A/KEYMAKER-U01A)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
Active, not recruitingPhase 2
A Pilot Study to Investigate the Safety and Clinical Activity of Avelumab (MSB0010718C) in Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma After Progression on Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Thymoma, Thymic Carcinoma
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Twenty-five Years of Advanced RadioTherapy at San Raffaele Hospital
Malignant Tumor, Benign Neoplasm
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
hatice adıgüzel tat, Associate Professor study chair
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
Asiya Uzun, Asisstant Prof principal investigator
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
Yusuf Şinasi Kırmacı, Asisstant Prof study chair
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing mental imagination in people with PARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder) and Mental Imagery, run by Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Hatice adıgüzel tat, Associate Proffessor (+903443002647, fzthatis@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The Nine-Hole Peg Test (9PPT) with Mental Chronometry (time frame: first day of the assesment). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Jul 2026.