ChlorinationNCT07246824
Expanding Access to Safe Water in Nigeria
A study testing Community Demonstrations and Redemption points in people with Chlorination, run by University of Michigan at 1 site in Nigeria.
Trial summary
Access to safe water remains a pressing public health challenge in Nigeria, where 67% of the population lacks safely managed drinking water and waterborne diseases cause an estimated 70,000 child deaths annually. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Chlorination
- What is being tested?
- Community Demonstrations and Redemption points
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 700 participants
- Where
- 1 siteNigeria
- Study dates
- 30 Sep 2025to 30 Sep 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Pregnant mothers and women with children under 5 children
Who cannot join
- Men, women with no children under 5 years old
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Nigeria1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Kura, Dawakin Kudu, Kiru, and Rano LGAs
Kano
Gbenga Adedayo, +234 805 602 6845, gadedayo@hanovialimited.com
About this study
Access to safe water remains a pressing public health challenge in Nigeria, where 67% of the population lacks safely managed drinking water and waterborne diseases cause an estimated 70,000 child deaths annually. Building on evidence that point-of-use chlorination is highly cost-effective in reducing diarrheal disease, this study evaluates a scalable, community-based chlorine distribution model through a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Kano State. Thirty communities across four Local Government Areas will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: (i) 20 treatment communities receiving community demonstrations and local chlorine redemption points, (ii) 10 control communities where no intervention will be conducted. After 3 months, 5 control communities will receive an individual-level sensitization and a voucher program and 5 will remain pure control communities. The RCT aims to estimate the causal impact of the community-based intervention on household chlorination rates, water quality (E. coli contamination), and knowledge of safe water practices over six months. By rigorously testing a community-led water treatment model, this study contributes new evidence on sustainable and cost-effective approaches to expand safe water access in low-resource settings. The results will inform national and regional strategies for scaling point-of-use chlorination across sub-Saharan Africa.
- Conditions
- Chlorination
- Being tested
- Community Demonstrations, Redemption points
- Keywords
- Diarrhea, Health Systems
- Medical subject headings
- Diarrhea
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Community DemonstrationsBehavioural
Facilitators will collaborate with local leaders, WASH officials and health facility staff in conducting community demonstrations introducing the chlorine product (WaterGuard+) to communities in the treatment group. Local leaders in the community will organize the meeting, while facilitators in the country will demonstrate how to use the product, what the correct dosage is, and explain the importance of water treatment. They will also show how village water is contaminated with Ecoli. These meetings will be targeted at eligible women (pregnant women and women with children under the age of 5), however all members of the community will be invited to attend. At the meeting, each attendee will be given one bottle of WaterGuard+, which is enough to treat drinking water for a household of 5 members for about a month, and 1,000 naira. Water Guard + is a 180g bottle of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) in granulated / powder form, produced and distributed by the Society for Family Health.
Redemption pointsBehavioural
Study staff will set up at least one chlorine redemption point for each community. The location of the redemption point will be determined in consultation with the local community during Community Demonstrations. The redemption points could be health facilities, local shops/dispensaries/kiosks, local pharmacies, house of the village leader, CHW, or health staff or other suitable sites. Households will be able to visit the location and redeem a month's supply of a chlorine product. Distributors will use a redemption log to keep track of when participants redeem the chlorine product.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Experimental | Community Demonstrations and Redemption Points Receives: Behavioral: Community Demonstrations; Behavioral: Redemption points |
| Control | No intervention | Neither community distributions will be conducted nor redemption points will be set-up during the study period |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Treat drinking water with chlorine (tested in water sample)
Proportion of water samples with detectable chlorine in stored drinking water
Measured: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Secondary outcomes (7)
Treat drinking water with chlorine (self-reported)
Proportion of women who reported using chlorine in the previous two days
Measured: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Presence of E.coli
Proportion of water samples with detectable E.coli
Measured: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Level of E.coli
Level of E-coli (in log10 MPN/100ml) in water samples
Measured: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Unsafe risk of Coliform
Proportion of water samples with unsafe coliform ( >100 colony forming units per 100mL)
Measured: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Heard about chlorine
Proportion of women who ever heard about chlorine
Measured: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Ever used chlorine
Proportion of women who ever used chlorine
Measured: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Last used chlorine
Proportion of women who used chlorine yesterday or the day before
Measured: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Nov 2025
- Study start30 Sep 2025
- Primary completion30 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Sep 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for ChlorinationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of MichiganThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 700 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Michigan
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Princeton University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Elisa Maria Maffioli, University of Michigan
- Investigators
- Elisa Maria Maffioli, PhD, Principal investigator, University of MichiganPascaline Dupas, Principal investigator, Princeton UniversityAna Radu, Principal investigator, Princeton University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07246824
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HUM00277959
- Status last verified
- Oct 2025
- First submitted
- 17 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 24 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Expanding Access to Safe Water in Nigeria
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07246824
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HUM00277959
- Conditions
- Chlorination
- Keywords
- Diarrhea, Health Systems
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 700 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of MichiganUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Princeton University
- Study start
- 30 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 24 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Access to safe water remains a pressing public health challenge in Nigeria, where 67% of the population lacks safely managed drinking water and waterborne diseases cause an estimated 70,000 child deaths annually. Building on evidence that point-of-use chlorination is highly cost-effective in reducing diarrheal disease, this study evaluates a scalable, community-based chlorine distribution model through a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Kano State. Thirty communities across four Local Government Areas will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: (i) 20 treatment communities receiving community demonstrations and local chlorine redemption points, (ii) 10 control communities where no intervention will be conducted. After 3 months, 5 control communities will receive an individual-level sensitization and a voucher program and 5 will remain pure control communities. The RCT aims to estimate the causal impact of the community-based intervention on household chlorination rates, water quality (E. coli contamination), and knowledge of safe water practices over six months. By rigorously testing a community-led water treatment model, this study contributes new evidence on sustainable and cost-effective approaches to expand safe water access in low-resource settings. The results will inform national and regional strategies for scaling point-of-use chlorination across sub-Saharan Africa.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Experimental | Behavioral: Community Demonstrations, Behavioral: Redemption pointsCommunity Demonstrations and Redemption Points |
| Control | No intervention | –Neither community distributions will be conducted nor redemption points will be set-up during the study period |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Pregnant mothers and women with children under 5 children
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Men, women with no children under 5 years old
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Community DemonstrationsFacilitators will collaborate with local leaders, WASH officials and health facility staff in conducting community demonstrations introducing the chlorine product (WaterGuard+) to communities in the treatment group. Local leaders in the community will organize the meeting, while facilitators in the country will demonstrate how to use the product, what the correct dosage is, and explain the importance of water treatment. They will also show how village water is contaminated with Ecoli. These meetings will be targeted at eligible women (pregnant women and women with children under the age of 5), however all members of the community will be invited to attend. At the meeting, each attendee will be given one bottle of WaterGuard+, which is enough to treat drinking water for a household of 5 members for about a month, and 1,000 naira. Water Guard + is a 180g bottle of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) in granulated / powder form, produced and distributed by the Society for Family Health. | Behavioural | Treatment |
| Redemption pointsStudy staff will set up at least one chlorine redemption point for each community. The location of the redemption point will be determined in consultation with the local community during Community Demonstrations. The redemption points could be health facilities, local shops/dispensaries/kiosks, local pharmacies, house of the village leader, CHW, or health staff or other suitable sites. Households will be able to visit the location and redeem a month's supply of a chlorine product. Distributors will use a redemption log to keep track of when participants redeem the chlorine product. | Behavioural | Treatment |
Primary outcome
Treat drinking water with chlorine (tested in water sample)
Time frame: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Proportion of water samples with detectable chlorine in stored drinking water
7 secondary outcomes
Treat drinking water with chlorine (self-reported)
Time frame: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Presence of E.coli
Time frame: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Level of E.coli
Time frame: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Unsafe risk of Coliform
Time frame: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Heard about chlorine
Time frame: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Ever used chlorine
Time frame: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Last used chlorine
Time frame: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Nov 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Chlorination
Recruiting
Clean Trial - Chlorination to Reduce Enteric and Antibiotic Resistant Infections in Neonates
Sepsis, Neonatal Mortality
Not yet recruiting
Evaluating In-line Chlorination in Nigeria
Diarrhea, Water Quality
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Elisa Maria Maffioli, PhD principal investigator
University of Michigan
Pascaline Dupas principal investigator
Princeton University
Ana Radu principal investigator
Princeton University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Community Demonstrations and Redemption points in people with Chlorination, run by University of Michigan at 1 site in Nigeria.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Nigeria. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Elisa Maria Maffioli, PhD (4438754930, elisamaf@umich.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Treat drinking water with chlorine (tested in water sample) (time frame: Measured up to 6 months of follow-up). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Nov 2025.