Diabetic Peripheral NeuropathyNCT07274735
Combined Effects of INF and OEP in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
A study testing Intraneural facilitation therapy, Otago exercise program and Intraneural facilitation therapy with Otago exercise program in people with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
DPN often leads to balance issues, sensory deficits, and chronic pain, which can severely impact daily functioning and independence. INF therapy aims to improve nerve blood flow and alleviate neuropathic symptoms through manual techniques, while the Otago Exercise Program focuses on enhancing strength and balance to… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 50 to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
- What is being tested?
- Intraneural facilitation therapy, Otago exercise program and Intraneural facilitation therapy with Otago exercise program
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 65 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 17 Oct 2024to 17 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 50 to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 50-75years
- Both male and female patients will be included in the study
- Patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (diagnosed by the physician)
- Patients with a score ≥ 4 on DN4 scale
- Patients have a score on the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test of less than 15 s
- Able to walk at least 10 meters long
Who cannot join
- Patient with presence of any other systemic disease rather than diabetes such as end-stage renal failure, uncontrolled hypertension, severe dyslipidemia, chronic liver disease, autoimmune disease, advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease etc
- Patients with documented active alcohol or drug misuse
- Patient with total or partial amputation of lower extremities
- Participants will be also excluded if they were morbidly obese or if pregnant (self-reported)
- Patient with active inflammations or other inflammatory neuropathies including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, proximal diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathies, or other neuropathies not associated with DM such as B12 deficiency
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Rasheed Hospital
Lahore, Punjab Province, 54800
Aruba Saeed, PhD, +923344399403, aruba.saeed@riphah.edu.pk
Rameen Shahzad, MSNMPT
About this study
Official title: Combined Effect Of Intraneural Facilitation Therapy And Otago Exercise On Pain, Balance And Quality Of Life In Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
DPN often leads to balance issues, sensory deficits, and chronic pain, which can severely impact daily functioning and independence. INF therapy aims to improve nerve blood flow and alleviate neuropathic symptoms through manual techniques, while the Otago Exercise Program focuses on enhancing strength and balance to reduce fall risk. By comparing these two interventions, this study seeks to identify effective strategies that can improve balance, reduce pain, and enhance the quality of life for individuals suffering from DPN
Read the detailed description
This study addresses a gap in existing literature by comparing the effects of intraneural facilitation therapy and Otago exercise in improving balance, pain and QOL among DPN patients. While both Intraneural Facilitation (INF) therapy and the Otago Exercise Program have been acknowledged for their individual benefits, their comparative effectiveness in the context of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has not been adequately explored. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining which intervention more effectively improves quality of life, reduces pain, and enhances balance in DPN patients, thus providing essential insights for optimizing treatment approaches.
- Conditions
- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
- Being tested
- Intraneural facilitation therapy, Otago exercise program, Intraneural facilitation therapy with Otago exercise program
- Keywords
- Diabetic Nephropathies, Exercise, Musculoskeletal Manipulations, Peripheral Neuropathy, Quality of Life
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetic Nephropathies, Motor Activity, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Intraneural facilitation therapyOther
The intervention will consist of 24 sessions delivered three times per week over eight weeks, with each session lasting 50-60 minutes. Effects will be measured at baseline (before treatment), after the 4th week and after 8th week (post treatment)
Otago exercise programOther
Otago exercise training was conducted 3 times a week for a total of 50 min per session, including 5 min of warm-up and 5 min of cool-down. Effects will be measured at baseline, at 4th weeks and at 8th week. The exercises consisted of the following strengthening exercises: knee extensors, knee flexors, hip abductors, ankle plantar flexors, and ankle dorsiflexors. The balance retraining exercises consisted of the following: knee bends, backwards walking, walking and turning around, sideways walking, tandem stance, tandem walk, one leg stand, heel walking, toe walking, heel toe walking backwards, and sit to stand
Intraneural facilitation therapy with Otago exercise programOther
The exercise intervention will be an 8 week, 3xweek, and 50-60 min class following the 20-30min OEP curriculum with 20-30 min /sessions of intraneural facilitation therapy per week. Effects will be measured at baseline, at 4th weeks and at 8th week
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intraneural facilitation therapy | Experimental | The intervention will consist of 24 sessions delivered three times per week over eight weeks, with each session lasting 50-60 minutes. Effects will be measured at baseline (before treatment), after the 4th week and after 8th week (post treatment) Receives: Other: Intraneural facilitation therapy |
| Otago exercise program | Experimental | Otago exercise training was conducted 3 times a week for a total of 50 min per session, including 5 min of warm-up and 5 min of cool-down. Effects will be measured at baseline, at 4th weeks and at 8th week. The exercises consisted of the following strengthening exercises: knee extensors, knee flexors, hip abductors, ankle plantar flexors, and ankle dorsiflexors. The balance retraining exercises consisted of the following: knee bends, backwards walking, walking and turning around, sideways walking, tandem stance, tandem walk, one leg stand, heel walking, toe walking, heel toe walking backwards, and sit to stand Receives: Other: Otago exercise program |
| Intraneural facilitation therapy with Otago exercise program | Experimental | The exercise intervention will be an 8 week, 3xweek, and 50-60 min class following the 20-30min OEP curriculum with 20-30 min /sessions of intraneural facilitation therapy per week. Effects will be measured at baseline, at 4th weeks and at 8th week Receives: Other: Intraneural facilitation therapy with Otago exercise program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
DN4
The DN4 Questionnaire is a screening tool for neuropathic pain consisting of 10 interview questions (DN4-interview) and physical tests which has been validated for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in western populations. The DN4 questionnaire is used to screen for the presence of neuropathic pain. This questionnaire consisted of 4 sections; 3 sections concerned with symptoms review and associated symptoms and the 4th section reserved for physical examination.
Measured: 8th week
Mini BESTest scale
The Mini-BESTest has 14 items, scored from 0-2, so the maximum score is 28
Measured: 8th week
Quality of Life- Diabetic Neuropathy Questionnaire
It is an extensive and validated 35-item questionnaire that has been developed to encompass the complete range of Diabetic Neuropathy (DN) symptoms associated with small fiber, large fiber, and autonomic neuropathy. It is composed of two sections: one focusing on the symptoms experienced by diabetic patients and the other on how the patient's neuropathy affects their activities of daily living (ADLs).
Measured: 8th week
Secondary outcomes (3)
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Numeric Pain Rating Scale is a subjective measure 11 point (0-10) numerical scale which is a commonly used outcome measure to assess pain intensity, including in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Its score ranges from 0 indicating no pain at all to 10 indicating worst pain
Measured: 8th week
TUG test
In this test, participants are asked to stand up from a chair, walk 3 m, turn, walk 3 m back and sit down again. The time taken to perform this task indicates high or low falls risk. The cut-off scores reported in the articles varied from 10.9 s to 13 s.
Measured: 8th week
Ankle brachial index (ABI)
ABI (Osc-ABI) during the first measurement by the first observer were 89.1%, 94.4%, 94.1%, 91.8%, and 92.4%, sensitivity and specificity respectively normal value will be 0.9-1.4, higher: greater than 1.4, typically indicative of vessel stiffening. Low: less than 0.9 means narrowing of vessels, non-measurable: unable to occlude blood vessel at 300mmHG of pressure application
Measured: 8th week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Dec 2025
- Study start17 Oct 2024
- Primary completion17 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion17 Jan 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (18)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Diabetic Peripheral NeuropathyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 65 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Aruba Saeed, PhD, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07274735
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/0269 Rameen Shahzad
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 28 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 10 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Baker NA, Vuong D, Bussell M, Gharibvand L, Lee S, Tsao B. Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Pilot Study of Intraneural Facilitation as a Treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl. 2022 Mar 29;4(2):100193. doi: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100193. eCollection 2022 Jun.
PubMed 35756982Alnajafi KZ-S. The Impact of Intraneural Facilitation Therapy on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. 2021.
Kadir MI, Hardiyanty N, Adliah F. A pilot study of the effect of otago exercise program on fall risk and quality of life of older women. Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia. 2021;2(1):1-4.
Jahanpeyma P, Kayhan Kocak FO, Yildirim Y, Sahin S, Senuzun Aykar F. Effects of the Otago exercise program on falls, balance, and physical performance in older nursing home residents with high fall risk: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Geriatr Med. 2021 Feb;12(1):107-115. doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00403-1. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
PubMed 33237565Brown JJ, Colberg SR, Pribesh S, Baskette KG, Vinik AI. A comparison of neuropathy quality of life tools: Norfolk QOL-DN, PN-QOL-97, and NeuroQOL-28. Medical Research Archives. 2021;9(11)
Agoons BB, Tchapmi D, Boli AO, Katte J-C. Clinical utility of the DN4 questionnaire in the assessment of neuropathic pain in patients with type 2 diabetes: Experience from a newly-created diabetes clinic in Cameroon. PAMJ-Clinical Medicine. 2020;3(165).
Lytras D, Sykaras E, Iakovidis P, Komisopoulos C, Chasapis G, Mouratidou C. Effects of a modified Otago exercise program delivered through outpatient physical therapy to community-dwelling older adult fallers in Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic: a controlled, randomized, multicenter trial. Eur Geriatr Med. 2022 Aug;13(4):893-906. doi: 10.1007/s41999-022-00656-y. Epub 2022 May 24.
PubMed 35606677Spallone V, Morganti R, D'Amato C, Greco C, Cacciotti L, Marfia GA. Validation of DN4 as a screening tool for neuropathic pain in painful diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabet Med. 2012 May;29(5):578-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03500.x.
PubMed 22023377Shakya BM, Shrestha A, Poudyal AK, Shrestha N, Acharya B, Gurung R, et al. Nepalese version of Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire for Assessment of Neuropathic pain: A Validation Study. medRxiv. 2021:2021.09. 17.21263734.
Zielinski J, Morawska-Kochman M, Zatonski T. Pain assessment and management in children in the postoperative period: A review of the most commonly used postoperative pain assessment tools, new diagnostic methods and the latest guidelines for postoperative pain therapy in children. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2020 Mar;29(3):365-374. doi: 10.17219/acem/112600.
PubMed 32129952Vinik EJ, Hayes RP, Oglesby A, Bastyr E, Barlow P, Ford-Molvik SL, Vinik AI. The development and validation of the Norfolk QOL-DN, a new measure of patients' perception of the effects of diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2005 Jun;7(3):497-508. doi: 10.1089/dia.2005.7.497.
PubMed 15929681Alghamdi M, Owolabi LF, Adamu B, Taura MG, Jibo A, Almansour M, Alaklabi SN, Alghamdi MA, Imam IA, Abdelrazak R, Rafaat A, Aliyu MH. Disease-specific quality of life in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Saudi Med J. 2022 Apr;43(4):408-417. doi: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.4.20210861.
PubMed 35414620Smith SC, Lamping DL, Maclaine GD. Measuring health-related quality of life in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012 Jun;96(3):261-70. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.11.013. Epub 2011 Dec 10.
PubMed 22154463King L, Horak F. On the mini-BESTest: scoring and the reporting of total scores. Phys Ther. 2013 Apr;93(4):571-5. doi: 10.2522/ptj.2013.93.4.571. No abstract available.
PubMed 23547173Yingyongyudha A, Saengsirisuwan V, Panichaporn W, Boonsinsukh R. The Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) Demonstrates Higher Accuracy in Identifying Older Adult Participants With History of Falls Than Do the BESTest, Berg Balance Scale, or Timed Up and Go Test. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2016 Apr-Jun;39(2):64-70. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000050.
PubMed 25794308
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Combined Effect Of Intraneural Facilitation Therapy And Otago Exercise On Pain, Balance And Quality Of Life In Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07274735
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/0269 Rameen Shahzad
- Conditions
- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
- Keywords
- Diabetic Nephropathies, Exercise, Musculoskeletal Manipulations, Peripheral Neuropathy, Quality of Life
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 65 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 17 Oct 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 17 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 17 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 10 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
DPN often leads to balance issues, sensory deficits, and chronic pain, which can severely impact daily functioning and independence. INF therapy aims to improve nerve blood flow and alleviate neuropathic symptoms through manual techniques, while the Otago Exercise Program focuses on enhancing strength and balance to reduce fall risk. By comparing these two interventions, this study seeks to identify effective strategies that can improve balance, reduce pain, and enhance the quality of life for individuals suffering from DPN
Detailed description
This study addresses a gap in existing literature by comparing the effects of intraneural facilitation therapy and Otago exercise in improving balance, pain and QOL among DPN patients. While both Intraneural Facilitation (INF) therapy and the Otago Exercise Program have been acknowledged for their individual benefits, their comparative effectiveness in the context of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has not been adequately explored. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining which intervention more effectively improves quality of life, reduces pain, and enhances balance in DPN patients, thus providing essential insights for optimizing treatment approaches.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intraneural facilitation therapy | Experimental | Other: Intraneural facilitation therapyThe intervention will consist of 24 sessions delivered three times per week over eight weeks, with each session lasting 50-60 minutes. Effects will be measured at baseline (before treatment), after the 4th week and after 8th week (post treatment) |
| Otago exercise program | Experimental | Other: Otago exercise programOtago exercise training was conducted 3 times a week for a total of 50 min per session, including 5 min of warm-up and 5 min of cool-down. Effects will be measured at baseline, at 4th weeks and at 8th week. The exercises consisted of the following strengthening exercises: knee extensors, knee flexors, hip abductors, ankle plantar flexors, and ankle dorsiflexors. The balance retraining exercises consisted of the following: knee bends, backwards walking, walking and turning around, sideways walking, tandem stance, tandem walk, one leg stand, heel walking, toe walking, heel toe walking backwards, and sit to stand |
| Intraneural facilitation therapy with Otago exercise program | Experimental | Other: Intraneural facilitation therapy with Otago exercise programThe exercise intervention will be an 8 week, 3xweek, and 50-60 min class following the 20-30min OEP curriculum with 20-30 min /sessions of intraneural facilitation therapy per week. Effects will be measured at baseline, at 4th weeks and at 8th week |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 50 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Age 50-75years
- Both male and female patients will be included in the study
- Patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (diagnosed by the physician)
- Patients with a score ≥ 4 on DN4 scale
- Patients have a score on the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test of less than 15 s
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patient with presence of any other systemic disease rather than diabetes such as end-stage renal failure, uncontrolled hypertension, severe dyslipidemia, chronic liver disease, autoimmune disease, advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease etc
- Patients with documented active alcohol or drug misuse
- Patient with total or partial amputation of lower extremities
- Participants will be also excluded if they were morbidly obese or if pregnant (self-reported)
- Patient with active inflammations or other inflammatory neuropathies including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, proximal diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathies, or other neuropathies not associated with DM such as B12 deficiency
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Intraneural facilitation therapyThe intervention will consist of 24 sessions delivered three times per week over eight weeks, with each session lasting 50-60 minutes. Effects will be measured at baseline (before treatment), after the 4th week and after 8th week (post treatment) | Other | Intraneural facilitation therapy |
| Otago exercise programOtago exercise training was conducted 3 times a week for a total of 50 min per session, including 5 min of warm-up and 5 min of cool-down. Effects will be measured at baseline, at 4th weeks and at 8th week. The exercises consisted of the following strengthening exercises: knee extensors, knee flexors, hip abductors, ankle plantar flexors, and ankle dorsiflexors. The balance retraining exercises consisted of the following: knee bends, backwards walking, walking and turning around, sideways walking, tandem stance, tandem walk, one leg stand, heel walking, toe walking, heel toe walking backwards, and sit to stand | Other | Otago exercise program |
| Intraneural facilitation therapy with Otago exercise programThe exercise intervention will be an 8 week, 3xweek, and 50-60 min class following the 20-30min OEP curriculum with 20-30 min /sessions of intraneural facilitation therapy per week. Effects will be measured at baseline, at 4th weeks and at 8th week | Other | Intraneural facilitation therapy with Otago exercise program |
Primary outcome
DN4
Time frame: 8th week
The DN4 Questionnaire is a screening tool for neuropathic pain consisting of 10 interview questions (DN4-interview) and physical tests which has been validated for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in western populations. The DN4 questionnaire is used to screen for the presence of neuropathic pain. This questionnaire consisted of 4 sections; 3 sections concerned with symptoms review and associated symptoms and the 4th section reserved for physical examination.
Mini BESTest scale
Time frame: 8th week
The Mini-BESTest has 14 items, scored from 0-2, so the maximum score is 28
Quality of Life- Diabetic Neuropathy Questionnaire
Time frame: 8th week
It is an extensive and validated 35-item questionnaire that has been developed to encompass the complete range of Diabetic Neuropathy (DN) symptoms associated with small fiber, large fiber, and autonomic neuropathy. It is composed of two sections: one focusing on the symptoms experienced by diabetic patients and the other on how the patient's neuropathy affects their activities of daily living (ADLs).
3 secondary outcomes
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: 8th week
TUG test
Time frame: 8th week
Ankle brachial index (ABI)
Time frame: 8th week
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Dec 2025.
- Background: PubMed 35756982Baker NA, Vuong D, Bussell M, Gharibvand L, Lee S, Tsao B. Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Pilot Study of Intraneural Facilitation as a Treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl. 2022 Mar 29;4(2):100193. doi: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100193. eCollection 2022 Jun.
- BackgroundAlnajafi KZ-S. The Impact of Intraneural Facilitation Therapy on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. 2021.
- BackgroundKadir MI, Hardiyanty N, Adliah F. A pilot study of the effect of otago exercise program on fall risk and quality of life of older women. Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia. 2021;2(1):1-4.
- Background: PubMed 33237565Jahanpeyma P, Kayhan Kocak FO, Yildirim Y, Sahin S, Senuzun Aykar F. Effects of the Otago exercise program on falls, balance, and physical performance in older nursing home residents with high fall risk: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Geriatr Med. 2021 Feb;12(1):107-115. doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00403-1. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
- BackgroundBrown JJ, Colberg SR, Pribesh S, Baskette KG, Vinik AI. A comparison of neuropathy quality of life tools: Norfolk QOL-DN, PN-QOL-97, and NeuroQOL-28. Medical Research Archives. 2021;9(11)
- BackgroundAgoons BB, Tchapmi D, Boli AO, Katte J-C. Clinical utility of the DN4 questionnaire in the assessment of neuropathic pain in patients with type 2 diabetes: Experience from a newly-created diabetes clinic in Cameroon. PAMJ-Clinical Medicine. 2020;3(165).
- Background: PubMed 35606677Lytras D, Sykaras E, Iakovidis P, Komisopoulos C, Chasapis G, Mouratidou C. Effects of a modified Otago exercise program delivered through outpatient physical therapy to community-dwelling older adult fallers in Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic: a controlled, randomized, multicenter trial. Eur Geriatr Med. 2022 Aug;13(4):893-906. doi: 10.1007/s41999-022-00656-y. Epub 2022 May 24.
- Background: PubMed 22023377Spallone V, Morganti R, D'Amato C, Greco C, Cacciotti L, Marfia GA. Validation of DN4 as a screening tool for neuropathic pain in painful diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabet Med. 2012 May;29(5):578-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03500.x.
- BackgroundShakya BM, Shrestha A, Poudyal AK, Shrestha N, Acharya B, Gurung R, et al. Nepalese version of Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire for Assessment of Neuropathic pain: A Validation Study. medRxiv. 2021:2021.09. 17.21263734.
- Background: PubMed 32129952Zielinski J, Morawska-Kochman M, Zatonski T. Pain assessment and management in children in the postoperative period: A review of the most commonly used postoperative pain assessment tools, new diagnostic methods and the latest guidelines for postoperative pain therapy in children. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2020 Mar;29(3):365-374. doi: 10.17219/acem/112600.
- Background: PubMed 15929681Vinik EJ, Hayes RP, Oglesby A, Bastyr E, Barlow P, Ford-Molvik SL, Vinik AI. The development and validation of the Norfolk QOL-DN, a new measure of patients' perception of the effects of diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2005 Jun;7(3):497-508. doi: 10.1089/dia.2005.7.497.
- Background: PubMed 35414620Alghamdi M, Owolabi LF, Adamu B, Taura MG, Jibo A, Almansour M, Alaklabi SN, Alghamdi MA, Imam IA, Abdelrazak R, Rafaat A, Aliyu MH. Disease-specific quality of life in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Saudi Med J. 2022 Apr;43(4):408-417. doi: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.4.20210861.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Aruba Saeed, PhD principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Intraneural facilitation therapy, Otago exercise program and Intraneural facilitation therapy with Otago exercise program in people with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Imran Amjad, PhD (03324390125, imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
DN4 (time frame: 8th week). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07274735, which also lists 18 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Dec 2025.