Shoulder Impingement SyndromeNCT07290660
Graded Motor Imagery and Task-Oriented Exercise in Shoulder Impingement
A study testing Electrotherapy + Conventional Exercise Group, The graded motor imagery program and The task-oriented exercise program in people with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome and Pain, run by Fenerbahce University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to compare the effects of graded motor imagery and task-oriented exercise training in individuals with shoulder impingement syndrome. A total of 66 participants aged 25-65 years will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: conventional physiotherapy, graded motor imagery, or task-oriented exercise… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 25 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Pain, Motor Imagery Training
- What is being tested?
- Electrotherapy + Conventional Exercise Group, The graded motor imagery program and The task-oriented exercise program
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 66 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2025to 30 Dec 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 25 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Diagnosed with Stage I or Stage II shoulder impingement syndrome by an Orthopedics or Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation physician
- Positive Neer and Hawkins tests
- Unilateral shoulder pain for at least 3 months
- No participation in any physiotherapy program for shoulder problems within the last year
- Ability to cooperate and follow instructions
- A score of 24 or above on the Standardized Mini-Mental Test -
Who cannot join
- History of previous shoulder surgery
- Local corticosteroid injection within the last three months
- Presence of uncontrolled neurological, cardiac, or systemic diseases that may interfere with function
- Cognitive impairments that may affect proper understanding or execution of the motor imagery program
- A score below 24 on the Standardized Mini-Mental Test
- -
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Istanbul Medipol University, Institute of Health Sciences
Istanbul
Yeliz Çırak, PT, MSc, 05373298320, yeliz.cirak@fbu.edu.tr
Gülay Aras Bayram, Assoc. Prof., 05054966284, garas@medipol.edu.tr
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of Graded Motor Imagery and Task-Oriented Exercise Training in Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
This study aims to compare the effects of graded motor imagery and task-oriented exercise training in individuals with shoulder impingement syndrome. A total of 66 participants aged 25-65 years will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: conventional physiotherapy, graded motor imagery, or task-oriented exercise training. All groups will receive standardized electrotherapy, while the intervention groups will additionally complete 6-week graded motor imagery or task-oriented exercise programs.
Primary outcomes include pain intensity, shoulder range of motion, muscle strength, proprioception, functional status, kinesiophobia, laterality recognition, movement imagery ability, and patient satisfaction. Assessments will be conducted before and after the intervention by the same physiotherapist. The study aims to determine whether motor imagery-based or task-oriented rehabilitation provides additional benefits compared with conventional physiotherapy in individuals with shoulder impingement syndrome.
Read the detailed description
This study investigates the effects of graded motor imagery (GMI) and task-oriented exercise training on individuals diagnosed with shoulder impingement syndrome. Shoulder impingement is a common musculoskeletal problem that leads to pain, restricted mobility, reduced muscle strength, proprioceptive deficits, and functional limitations. Conventional physiotherapy approaches may not always be sufficient to address the complex sensorimotor deficits associated with this condition. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate whether GMI or task-oriented exercise programs can provide additional therapeutic benefits beyond standard physiotherapy.
A total of 66 participants, aged 25 to 65 years, who meet the diagnostic criteria for shoulder impingement syndrome, will be included. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups:
Conventional physiotherapy (control group)
Graded motor imagery training
Task-oriented exercise training
All groups will receive standardized electrotherapy interventions as part of routine physiotherapy. In addition to this standard treatment, the two intervention groups will engage in a 6-week structured program based on either GMI or task-oriented exercises, depending on group allocation.
Outcome measures will include pain intensity, shoulder range of motion, muscle strength, proprioception, functional level, kinesiophobia, laterality recognition, movement imagery ability, and patient satisfaction. All assessments will be conducted before and after the 6-week intervention by the same physiotherapist to ensure consistency.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether GMI or task-oriented exercise training offers superior improvements in pain, motor performance, proprioceptive control, and functional outcomes when compared with conventional physiotherapy alone. The findings are expected to contribute to evidence-based rehabilitation practices and provide clinicians with additional strategies for managing shoulder impingement syndrome.
- Being tested
- Electrotherapy + Conventional Exercise Group, The graded motor imagery program, The task-oriented exercise program
- Keywords
- Shoulder impingement syndrome, Graded motor imagery, Task-oriented exercise, Rehabilitation, pain
- Medical subject headings
- Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Electrotherapy + Conventional Exercise GroupOther
All participants will receive an electrotherapy program consisting of TENS (100 Hz, 20 minutes), ultrasound (1.5 W/cm², 6 minutes), and cold pack application (15 minutes), delivered 5 days per week for 6 weeks. The conventional exercise program includes wand exercises (flexion, abduction, extension, external/internal rotation), Codman exercises in multiple directions, and finger ladder exercises with a 5-second hold at end range. Strengthening exercises will be performed without resistance during the first week, followed by progressive TheraBand® resistance from week two. Posterior, anterior, and inferior capsule stretching, pectoral stretching, and shoulder-scapular mobilization will be performed under physiotherapist supervision. Exercises will be applied twice weekly for 6 weeks, with 3 sets of 10 repetitions.
The graded motor imagery programOther
The graded motor imagery program consists of 2 weeks of laterality training, 2 weeks of motor imagery, and 2 weeks of mirror therapy. Laterality training will be performed using the Recognise™ Shoulder app (NOI), where participants identify whether presented images show a right or left shoulder. Training will be conducted twice weekly for 2 weeks. Motor imagery includes viewing shoulder movement images (flexion 180°, abduction 180°, external rotation 90°, internal rotation 90°, extension 45°) and mentally rehearsing the movements for 3 sets of 10 repetitions. Mirror therapy requires participants to view the reflection of their unaffected shoulder and perform the imagined movements. Mirror therapy will also be applied twice weekly for 2 weeks, with 3 sets of 10 repetitions
The task-oriented exercise programOther
The task-oriented exercise program is based on daily activities related to DASH and SPADI items, focusing on functional shoulder movements including flexion, abduction, extension, and rotation. Exercises will be performed twice weekly for 6 weeks, 3 sets of 10 repetitions. Weeks 0-2 include placing an object on a front shelf, placing an object on a side shelf, placing the hand on the back, touching the neck, washing a plate, and wiping a wall within pain limits. Weeks 2-4 include changing an overhead light bulb, washing hair, combing hair, putting on and taking off a pullover shirt, and donning a jacket or cardigan. Weeks 4-6 include placing a 0.5-kg weight on an overhead shelf (front and side), washing or scratching the upper and lower back, and placing a wallet in the back pocket.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Physiotherapy | Active comparator | Participants in this group will receive conventional physiotherapy, including standardized electrotherapy and routine therapeutic exercises for shoulder impingement syndrome, for 6 weeks Receives: Other: Electrotherapy + Conventional Exercise Group |
| Graded Motor Imagery | Active comparator | Participants in this group will receive a 6-week graded motor imagery program in addition to standardized electrotherapy Receives: Other: Electrotherapy + Conventional Exercise Group; Other: The graded motor imagery program |
| Task-Oriented Exercise Training | Active comparator | Participants in this group will receive a 6-week task-oriented exercise training program in addition to standardized electrotherapy. Receives: Other: Electrotherapy + Conventional Exercise Group; Other: The task-oriented exercise program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Assessment of Muscle Strength
Muscle strength will be assessed using the Lafayette Manual Muscle Tester (MMT). Shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation muscle strengths will be evaluated. Three consecutive measurements will be taken for each movement, and the mean value will be recorded.
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Assessment of Pain Intensity
Pain intensity will be assessed using a 10 cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ranging from '0' (no pain) to '10' (unbearable pain). Participants will rate their pain levels before and after the intervention in three conditions: at rest, during activity, and at night
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Assessment of Pain Threshold
The pain threshold will be assessed using an algometer, a device that measures the pressure at which pain is first perceived. During the measurement, the participant must remain in a relaxed position, and the tip of the algometer must be applied at a 90-degree angle to the tissue. As pressure gradually increases, the participant will be instructed to indicate the moment when pain or discomfort is first felt. This point will be recorded as the pain threshold . In this study, the Commander Echo Algometer will be used to assess pain thresholds. Measurements will be taken from the deltoid muscle, supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, and the participant's self-reported most painful area. Each measurement will be repeated three times, and the mean value will be recorded.
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Assessment of Shoulder Range of Motion
Shoulder range of motion will be assessed using a Baseline goniometer (RMS UK Ltd., Nailsea). The joint movements to be evaluated include flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation, and the results will be recorded in degrees. For each movement, three consecutive measurements will be taken, and the mean value will be used for analysis
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Assessment of Active Joint Position Sense
Active shoulder joint position sense will be assessed using a smartphone goniometer application with proven validity and reliability. Elevation angles of 40° and 100° in the scapular plane will be tested. A smartphone will be placed in an armband positioned over the biceps brachii on the tested side. With eyes open, participants will first learn the target angle through passive movement. Then, with eyes closed, the shoulder will be passively positioned at the target angle three times for familiarization. Participants will then actively reproduce the angle. The test will be repeated six times with 5 seconds of rest between trials. The same procedure will be performed for both 40° and 100° elevations on both shoulders.
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Assessment of Upper Extremity Function
Functional assessment of the shoulder will be performed using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). SPADI consists of 13 items divided into two subscales: pain and disability. The pain subscale includes five questions related to shoulder pain during activities, while the disability subscale includes eight questions evaluating difficulty in performing daily activities. Both subscale scores and the total score range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater pain and disability
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Secondary outcomes (4)
Assessment of Laterality Recognition
Shoulder laterality performance will be assessed using the 'Recognise™' application developed by the Neuro Orthopaedic Institute. The 'Recognise™ Shoulder' section of the app, specifically the 'Vanilla' mode, will be used. A total of 20 shoulder images will be presented for 5 seconds each. Participants will be asked to identify as quickly and accurately as possible whether the displayed image represents a right or left shoulder by pressing the corresponding button on the screen. The percentage of correct responses and reaction time will be recorded as outcome measures.
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Assessment of Movement Imagery Ability
Movement imagery ability will be assessed using the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3). The questionnaire consists of 12 items. Participants are asked to imagine four different movements using internal visual imagery, external visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery. They rate the clarity or ease of imagining each movement on a 7-point ordinal scale (1 = very hard to feel/see, 7 = very easy to feel/see)
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Assessment of Kinesiophobia
Kinesiophobia will be assessed using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), developed by Miller, Kori, and Todd. The scale consists of 17 items evaluating fear of injury, reinjury, fear-avoidance beliefs, and activity-related concerns. Each item is scored on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate a higher level of kinesiophobia.
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Assessment of Patient Satisfaction
Patient satisfaction with treatment will be assessed using the Global Rating of Change (GRC) Scale. This scale is widely used in clinical research, particularly in musculoskeletal conditions. It is designed to measure a patient's perceived improvement or deterioration over time, either to determine the effectiveness of an intervention or to track clinical progress. The version used in this study consists of 5 levels and is scored between -2 and +2.
Measured: It will be assessed at the end of the 6-week treatment period.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Dec 2025
- Study start1 Dec 2025
- Primary completion30 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Dec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Shoulder Impingement SyndromeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study uses a three-arm parallel-group design. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: conventional physiotherapy, graded motor imagery, or task-oriented exercise training. All groups will receive a 6-week intervention without crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Fenerbahce University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Yeliz ÇIRAK, Fenerbahce University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07290660
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FBU
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 5 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 18 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Graded Motor Imagery and Task-Oriented Exercise Training in Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07290660
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FBU
- Keywords
- Shoulder impingement syndrome, Graded motor imagery, Task-oriented exercise, Rehabilitation, pain
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Fenerbahce UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 18 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to compare the effects of graded motor imagery and task-oriented exercise training in individuals with shoulder impingement syndrome. A total of 66 participants aged 25-65 years will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: conventional physiotherapy, graded motor imagery, or task-oriented exercise training. All groups will receive standardized electrotherapy, while the intervention groups will additionally complete 6-week graded motor imagery or task-oriented exercise programs.
Primary outcomes include pain intensity, shoulder range of motion, muscle strength, proprioception, functional status, kinesiophobia, laterality recognition, movement imagery ability, and patient satisfaction. Assessments will be conducted before and after the intervention by the same physiotherapist. The study aims to determine whether motor imagery-based or task-oriented rehabilitation provides additional benefits compared with conventional physiotherapy in individuals with shoulder impingement syndrome.
Detailed description
This study investigates the effects of graded motor imagery (GMI) and task-oriented exercise training on individuals diagnosed with shoulder impingement syndrome. Shoulder impingement is a common musculoskeletal problem that leads to pain, restricted mobility, reduced muscle strength, proprioceptive deficits, and functional limitations. Conventional physiotherapy approaches may not always be sufficient to address the complex sensorimotor deficits associated with this condition. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate whether GMI or task-oriented exercise programs can provide additional therapeutic benefits beyond standard physiotherapy.
A total of 66 participants, aged 25 to 65 years, who meet the diagnostic criteria for shoulder impingement syndrome, will be included. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups:
Conventional physiotherapy (control group)
Graded motor imagery training
Task-oriented exercise training
All groups will receive standardized electrotherapy interventions as part of routine physiotherapy. In addition to this standard treatment, the two intervention groups will engage in a 6-week structured program based on either GMI or task-oriented exercises, depending on group allocation.
Outcome measures will include pain intensity, shoulder range of motion, muscle strength, proprioception, functional level, kinesiophobia, laterality recognition, movement imagery ability, and patient satisfaction. All assessments will be conducted before and after the 6-week intervention by the same physiotherapist to ensure consistency.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether GMI or task-oriented exercise training offers superior improvements in pain, motor performance, proprioceptive control, and functional outcomes when compared with conventional physiotherapy alone. The findings are expected to contribute to evidence-based rehabilitation practices and provide clinicians with additional strategies for managing shoulder impingement syndrome.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- This study uses a three-arm parallel-group design. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: conventional physiotherapy, graded motor imagery, or task-oriented exercise training. All groups will receive a 6-week intervention without crossover
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Physiotherapy | Active comparator | Other: Electrotherapy + Conventional Exercise GroupParticipants in this group will receive conventional physiotherapy, including standardized electrotherapy and routine therapeutic exercises for shoulder impingement syndrome, for 6 weeks |
| Graded Motor Imagery | Active comparator | Other: Electrotherapy + Conventional Exercise Group, Other: The graded motor imagery programParticipants in this group will receive a 6-week graded motor imagery program in addition to standardized electrotherapy |
| Task-Oriented Exercise Training | Active comparator | Other: Electrotherapy + Conventional Exercise Group, Other: The task-oriented exercise programParticipants in this group will receive a 6-week task-oriented exercise training program in addition to standardized electrotherapy. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 25 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Diagnosed with Stage I or Stage II shoulder impingement syndrome by an Orthopedics or Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation physician
- Positive Neer and Hawkins tests
- Unilateral shoulder pain for at least 3 months
- No participation in any physiotherapy program for shoulder problems within the last year
- Ability to cooperate and follow instructions
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- History of previous shoulder surgery
- Local corticosteroid injection within the last three months
- Presence of uncontrolled neurological, cardiac, or systemic diseases that may interfere with function
- Cognitive impairments that may affect proper understanding or execution of the motor imagery program
- A score below 24 on the Standardized Mini-Mental Test
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Electrotherapy + Conventional Exercise GroupAll participants will receive an electrotherapy program consisting of TENS (100 Hz, 20 minutes), ultrasound (1.5 W/cm², 6 minutes), and cold pack application (15 minutes), delivered 5 days per week for 6 weeks. The conventional exercise program includes wand exercises (flexion, abduction, extension, external/internal rotation), Codman exercises in multiple directions, and finger ladder exercises with a 5-second hold at end range. Strengthening exercises will be performed without resistance during the first week, followed by progressive TheraBand® resistance from week two. Posterior, anterior, and inferior capsule stretching, pectoral stretching, and shoulder-scapular mobilization will be performed under physiotherapist supervision. Exercises will be applied twice weekly for 6 weeks, with 3 sets of 10 repetitions. | Other | Conventional Physiotherapy, Graded Motor Imagery, Task-Oriented Exercise Training |
| The graded motor imagery programThe graded motor imagery program consists of 2 weeks of laterality training, 2 weeks of motor imagery, and 2 weeks of mirror therapy. Laterality training will be performed using the Recognise™ Shoulder app (NOI), where participants identify whether presented images show a right or left shoulder. Training will be conducted twice weekly for 2 weeks. Motor imagery includes viewing shoulder movement images (flexion 180°, abduction 180°, external rotation 90°, internal rotation 90°, extension 45°) and mentally rehearsing the movements for 3 sets of 10 repetitions. Mirror therapy requires participants to view the reflection of their unaffected shoulder and perform the imagined movements. Mirror therapy will also be applied twice weekly for 2 weeks, with 3 sets of 10 repetitions | Other | Graded Motor Imagery |
| The task-oriented exercise programThe task-oriented exercise program is based on daily activities related to DASH and SPADI items, focusing on functional shoulder movements including flexion, abduction, extension, and rotation. Exercises will be performed twice weekly for 6 weeks, 3 sets of 10 repetitions. Weeks 0-2 include placing an object on a front shelf, placing an object on a side shelf, placing the hand on the back, touching the neck, washing a plate, and wiping a wall within pain limits. Weeks 2-4 include changing an overhead light bulb, washing hair, combing hair, putting on and taking off a pullover shirt, and donning a jacket or cardigan. Weeks 4-6 include placing a 0.5-kg weight on an overhead shelf (front and side), washing or scratching the upper and lower back, and placing a wallet in the back pocket. | Other | Task-Oriented Exercise Training |
Primary outcome
Assessment of Muscle Strength
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Muscle strength will be assessed using the Lafayette Manual Muscle Tester (MMT). Shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation muscle strengths will be evaluated. Three consecutive measurements will be taken for each movement, and the mean value will be recorded.
Assessment of Pain Intensity
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Pain intensity will be assessed using a 10 cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ranging from '0' (no pain) to '10' (unbearable pain). Participants will rate their pain levels before and after the intervention in three conditions: at rest, during activity, and at night
Assessment of Pain Threshold
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
The pain threshold will be assessed using an algometer, a device that measures the pressure at which pain is first perceived. During the measurement, the participant must remain in a relaxed position, and the tip of the algometer must be applied at a 90-degree angle to the tissue. As pressure gradually increases, the participant will be instructed to indicate the moment when pain or discomfort is first felt. This point will be recorded as the pain threshold . In this study, the Commander Echo Algometer will be used to assess pain thresholds. Measurements will be taken from the deltoid muscle, supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, and the participant's self-reported most painful area. Each measurement will be repeated three times, and the mean value will be recorded.
Assessment of Shoulder Range of Motion
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Shoulder range of motion will be assessed using a Baseline goniometer (RMS UK Ltd., Nailsea). The joint movements to be evaluated include flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation, and the results will be recorded in degrees. For each movement, three consecutive measurements will be taken, and the mean value will be used for analysis
Assessment of Active Joint Position Sense
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Active shoulder joint position sense will be assessed using a smartphone goniometer application with proven validity and reliability. Elevation angles of 40° and 100° in the scapular plane will be tested. A smartphone will be placed in an armband positioned over the biceps brachii on the tested side. With eyes open, participants will first learn the target angle through passive movement. Then, with eyes closed, the shoulder will be passively positioned at the target angle three times for familiarization. Participants will then actively reproduce the angle. The test will be repeated six times with 5 seconds of rest between trials. The same procedure will be performed for both 40° and 100° elevations on both shoulders.
Assessment of Upper Extremity Function
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Functional assessment of the shoulder will be performed using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). SPADI consists of 13 items divided into two subscales: pain and disability. The pain subscale includes five questions related to shoulder pain during activities, while the disability subscale includes eight questions evaluating difficulty in performing daily activities. Both subscale scores and the total score range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater pain and disability
4 secondary outcomes
Assessment of Laterality Recognition
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Assessment of Movement Imagery Ability
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Assessment of Kinesiophobia
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period
Assessment of Patient Satisfaction
Time frame: It will be assessed at the end of the 6-week treatment period.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Dec 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Electrotherapy + Conventional Exercise Group, The graded motor imagery program and The task-oriented exercise program in people with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome and Pain, run by Fenerbahce University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Yeliz Çırak, PT, MSc (05373298320, yeliz.cirak@fbu.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Assessment of Muscle Strength (time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Dec 2025.